Ōtara

Ōtara is a suburb of South Auckland, New Zealand (formerly Manukau City), situated 18 kilometres to the southeast of the Auckland CBD. Otara lies near the head of the Tamaki River (actually an arm of the Hauraki Gulf), which extends south towards the Manukau Harbour. Contemporary Otara is surrounded by the suburbs of Papatoetoe, East Tamaki, Clover Park and Flat Bush. The suburb is noted for its proportion of Pacific Islander residents, who make up 68% of the Otara population and its unusually low number of European New Zealanders (Pākehā) residents (13%).[1]

Otara
Suburb
A part of the Otara town centre.
Location of Otara in Auckland.
CountryNew Zealand
Local authorityAuckland Council
Local boardŌtara-Papatoetoe
East Tamaki East Tamaki
Otara
 Flat Bush
Papatoetoe Clover Park Clover Park

History

Māori origins

In the Māori language, Ō-Tara means ‘the place of Tara’ or ‘territory belonging to Tara’, who was a rangatira (Māori chief) of the area.[2] 'Otara' is in turn the shortened form of Te Puke o Tara (literally; ‘The Hill of Tara’); known also for a time as Smales Mount.[3] Te Puke o Tara was one of Otara's prominent volcanic cones, and prior to European settlement in the area was the site of a scoria cone pā. Like most of Auckland, the Otara landscape is volcanic in origin and forms a part of what is known as the East Tamaki volcanic field, with Te Puke o Tara and Mātanginui (Greenmount) having been the dominant cones of Otara. A third cone called Highbrook by pakeha (white/European) settlers and in Maori Te Puke Ariki nui or Te Maunga/mountain of the Great/paramount chief. Mātangi nui was also a pā site, not too far from Puke I Āki Rangi (Point View) which connected the Mangemangeroa valley, and the areas surrounding all three cones were thought to represent the densest area of pre-European settlement in East Tamaki, favoured rich volcanic gardening soils and fresh water springs.[4][5][6]

The mana whenua of Te Rohe o Tara are the local Iwi/Maori people known as Ngai Tai, also called Ngāti Tai. Ngāi Tai are said to have originated as a distinct iwi identity on the eastern coastline of Auckland shortly after the Tainui canoe/waka called there in about the mid-14th century.[7][8][9][10] According to Ngāi Tai tradition, Te Puke o Tara and Otara are named after the ariki (paramount chief) of Ngāi Tai known as Tara Te Irirangi, who lived from the late 18th century until 1852. An earlier name applied to the area was Ngā Kopi o Toi ('The Karaka Berries of Toi'), named for a karaka grove said by tradition to have been brought to Tamaki from the Chatham Islands and planted in the vicinity of Greenmount by Toi-te-huatahi.[11]

Over time, with the emergence and expansion of later hapū/sub group of Iwi and iwi identities, Ngāti Tai occupying the area of Tara became closely interlinked by marriages with Te Akitai, Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Kahu of the Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) confederation of tribes known collectively as Te Wai ō Hua, and with the Hauraki Gulf peoples of Ngāti Pāoa and Ngāti Tamaterā, among others. The Ngāti Pāoa chieftain Hauauru noted in 1851 that by the mid-1830s Ngāti Pāoa, Ngāti Tamaterā and Te Akitai had competing interests in Otara.[12] While all of these groups hold ancestral relationships to the Otara area, Ngāi Tai continue to retain recognised mana whenua status.[13]

European settlement

During the 1830s, Otara was among many present-day suburbs of Manukau & Auckland originally included within the boundaries of what became known as the "Tamaki Block" or "Fairburn Purchase". Between 1836 and 1839, the newly arrived Church Mission Society (CMS) missionary William Thomas Fairburn began moves to establish a mission station at Maraetai while attempting to purchase a vast tract of land from various iwi of Auckland. Brokered as "an act of Christian peacemaking" between warring tribes on the Tamaki isthmus, Fairburn obtained "signatures" to the deed of purchase from over 30 Rangatira; few, if any of whom could read or write. Fairburn originally estimated the total area to contain 40,000 acres (160 km2), but it was later surveyed as being around 83,000. When the purchase came under scrutiny from the CMS, in 1837 Fairburn signed a deed promising to return one third of the land to the original inhabitants (a transaction which never took place), and unsuccessfully attempted to offer another third to the Church. Following the Treaty of Waitangi establishing New Zealand as a British Overseas Territories in 1840, Fairburn came under investigation from the new Government's Land Claims Commission. Following a protracted investigation (during which time Fairburn resigned from the mission), in 1848 the Commission disallowed Fairburn's original claim, awarding him instead a much smaller grant of just under 5,500 acres (22 km2). The remainder of the land, including Otara, was retained by the Crown as "surplus land" to be onsold to European settlers. Following the protests of Hori Te Whetuki on behalf of Ngāi Tai, in 1854 the Commission granted a "Native Reservation" of just over 6,000 acres (24 km2) at Duders Beach (Umupuia) to "the chiefs of the Ngatitai" and paid them £500 compensation, on the condition that they sign an agreement to vacate all other lands within the original purchase boundaries, and order all other iwi to do the same.

European settlement of Otara began in earnest from the 1850s onwards, with most settlers of the wider East Tamaki area being Scottish and Irish Presbyterians. The most prominent settler of Otara during this period was the Wesleyan missionary Reverend Gideon Smales. Smales had arrived from England in 1840, and upon his retirement moved to settle at East Tamaki, purchasing a 400-acre (1.6 km2) block from the Government in 1855, which included Te Puke Ō Tara. Smales farmed the land at the foot of Te Puke Ō Tara and opened a quarry on the mountain; the entirety of which has since been destroyed. Mātanginui Pā was also largely destroyed by quarrying from 1870 onwards and is now the site of the Greenmount Landfill.[14][15][16] 13 acres (53,000 m2) from the Smales Mount/Puke Ō Tara estate on the remains of the original cone now form reserve known as Te Puke Ō Tara Hampton Park, which includes a stone church built in the 1860s and the remains of extensive stone walls from Smales' farm, both constructed from the quarried scoria.

Farming and rural industries remained the dominant characteristic of Otara throughout the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.

Following World War II, Otara was developed by the Auckland Regional Authority as a State Housing area.

Notable people

Contemporary culture

Otara is the home of the "Otara Global Village" developing in the old relocated Baird's Intermediate school which was moved to the new site of the Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate and renamed SEHC Middle School

The Village now houses a Kohanga Reo, a Maori language pre-school, a Koe Oaga Faka Niue – Fatamanu – pre-school, an alternative School for Boys and New Zealand's first Secondary/Tertiary College – Vaka Moana, an integral part of the Manukau Institute of Technology as well as anumber of Community groups

The suburb achieved a mild degree of worldwide fame with the one-off hit single How Bizarre, by hip-hop artists OMC. "OMC" stands for "Otara Millionaires' Club" – a tongue-in-cheek reference to the low socio-economic status of much of the suburb, Otara being one of the poorest parts of the Auckland region – Otara North being Auckland Region's suburb with the second lowest median income, at NZ$25,900 after Great Barrier Island at NZ$25,100, and compared to an average of NZ$37,300 and the highest value of NZ$60,000.[17]

Otara is also known for its Saturday morning 'flea market' held in the Otara shopping center car park next to the South Campus of Manukau Institute of Technology.

In the 1970s Prime Minister Robert Muldoon's immigration policies led to police raids on some Otara residents by police in the search for illegal overstayers from the Pacific Islands.

Otara long had some of the highest crime rates of the country, but recently a major action against the Tribesmen and Killer Beez gangs (in 2008), and 2010s increases in police force numbers in the area, combined with a community policing approach, have been credited with both reducing crime and establishing less hostile attitudes between the locals and the police.[18]

Education

Otara has three main high schools, Tangaroa College, Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate and Kia Aroha College

Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate consists of three schools. The Junior School catering for Years 1 – 6; the Middle School, Years 7 and 8; and the Senior School catering for Years 9 – 13. Hillary College, Bairds Intermediate and Clydemore Primary School are the three schools that now form Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate.

Kia Aroha College is a Year 7 to 13 secondary school offering a bilingual Maori and Pasifika culturally-based programme.

Otara is also home to Manukau Institute of Technology's two main campuses.

Otara has nine primary schools, Bairds Mainfreight Primary School, Dawson Road Primary School, East Tamaki Primary School, Flat Bush School, Mayfield Primary School, Rongomai School, Saint John the Evangelist School, Wymondley Road School and Yendarra Primary School. Otara also has one intermediate school, Ferguson. It is also home to Te Kura Kaupapa Maori o Piripono.

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References
  1. Otara Ward (Census Profile 2006, Accessed 2009-08-10.)
  2. Tonson, A.E – Old Manukau – Auckland, 1966
  3. La Roche, Alan J. – A History of Puke o Tara (Smales Mt) and Hampton Park – Manukau, 2000
  4. ‘Alatini, Moses Ngaluapea – Housing and Related Social Conditions of the Tongan Community living in Otara – Auckland, 2004, p.8
  5. Bulmer, Susan – Sources for the Archaeology of the Maaori Settlement of the Taamaki Volcanic District – Wellington, 1994, p.39-41
  6. Smytheman, I.F & Tonson, A.E – Our First Hundred Years, An Historical Record of Papatoetoe Papatoetoe (1962), p.6
  7. Graham, Geo. – Tainui in Journal of the Polynesian Society (Vol.60), 1951, pp.82–84
  8. Jones, Pei Te Hurinui – Nga Iwi o Tainui – Auckland, 1995 (Ed. Bruce Biggs), p.40
  9. Murdoch, G. J. – A History of the Human Occupation of the Whakakaiwhara Block – Auckland, 1996, pp.1–2
  10. Taua, Te Warena in La Roche, Alan (Ed.) – The History of Howick & Pakuranga – Howick, 1991, pp.27–28
  11. Graham – "Tainui" (1951), p.90 (f.n)
  12. Moore, D., Rigby, B., and Russell, M. – Old Land Claims – Wellington (Waitangi Tribunal), 1997, p.82
  13. Clark, Jennifer A. – East Tamaki: Including the Adjoining Areas of Flat Bush and Otara – Papatoetoe, 2002, p.9
  14. La Roche (2000), pp.1–4
  15. Bulmer (1994), p.39
  16. ‘Alatini (2004), p.24
  17. Collins, Simon (23 June 2009). "We're getting richer but gap is widening". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  18. Laxon, Andrew (2 July 2011). "Out in force on the mean streets". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 August 2011.

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