İlker Başbuğ

Mehmet İlker Başbuğ (Turkish: [ˈilceɾ ˈbaʃbuː]; born 29 April 1943)[1] was the 26th Chief of the General Staff of Turkey. He was charged with contravention of Articles 309, 310, and 311 of the Turkish Penal Code. In August 2013, he was convicted on charges "establishing and leading a terrorist organization" and "attempting to destroy the Turkish government or to attempting to partially or completely prevent its functioning" and sentenced to life imprisonment as part of the Ergenekon trials.[2] However, the Constitutional Court of Turkey determined that Başbuğ's legal rights were violated and overturned his conviction; he was released on 7 March 2014.[3]

İlker Başbuğ
26th Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
In office
28 August 2008 – 27 August 2010
PresidentAbdullah Gül
Preceded byYaşar Büyükanıt
Succeeded byIşık Koşaner
Personal details
Born (1943-04-29) 29 April 1943
Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
Spouse(s)Sevil Başbuğ
Children2
Websitehttp://www.ilkerbasbug.com
Military service
Allegiance Turkey
Branch/service Turkish Land Forces
Years of service1963–2010
RankGeneral
CommandsChief of the General Staff

Biography

İlker Başbuğ was born in Afyonkarahisar, a city in western Turkey in 1943. He graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1962 and the Infantry School in 1963.

He served as Platoon Leader and Company Commander in various units subordinate to the Turkish Land Forces until 1971. Having graduated from the War College as staff officer in 1973, he held a wide variety of command and staff positions as Staff Officer at Plans and Operations Department at Turkish General Staff, Lecturer at the Army War College, Action Officer at the Intelligence Department at NATO Headquarters in Brussels-Belgium, Chief of Defense Research Branch of Plans and Policy Department at Turkish Land Forces Headquarters and as the Commander of the 247th Infantry Regiment, 51st Division.

Before being promoted to Brigadier General in 1989, he had completed his education at the United Kingdom Army Staff College and NATO Defense College. In this rank, he served as the Chief of Logistics and Infrastructure Department at SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe) in Mons-Belgium and as the Commander of the 1st Armored Brigade in Istanbul. He was promoted to Major General in 1993. As Major General, he served as the Deputy Commander in Gendarmerie Security Command in Diyarbakır-Turkey and then as the Turkish National Military Representative (NMR) at SHAPE and was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1996. In this rank, he served as the Commander of 2nd Corps and as the Deputy of the Secretary General of the National Security Council of the Republic of Turkey, respectively.

In 2002, he was promoted to the rank of General. As General, he held a variety of positions such as the Chief of Staff of the Turkish Land Forces, the Deputy Chief of the Turkish General Staff, the Commander of the First Army, and the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces. He was appointed as Commander of the Turkish Armed Forces on 30 August 2008 and served until 27 August 2010.

After retirement, he wrote a book titled The End of Terrorist Organizations. He completed his second book The Greatest Leader of the 20th Century: Mustafa Kemal, covering the period between 1881 and 1923, in prison. The book became the bestseller in Turkey during the month it was published.[4] His third book, The Greatest Leader of the 20th Century: Atatürk and covering the period between 1923 and 1938, was intended as a continuation of his previous work and was published on November 2012.[5] Basbug continued writing: Truths Against Accusations (2014, Kaynak Publications), What Kind Of Turkey (2015, Kaynak Publications), Armenian Accusations and the Truths (2015, Remzi Bookstore) and Forgotten Island Cyprus (2016, Kırmızı Kedi).[6]

İlker Başbuğ is married to Sevil Başbuğ with two children. He speaks English.[1]

Internet Memorandum case
Main article: Ergenekon trials § The "Internet memorandum"

17 months after retiring, on 2 January 2012 an investigation started for Başbuğ in the Internet Memorandum case in which he was expected to appear as a witness. In just four days, on 6 January 2012, he was arrested on terror charges after giving his testimony.

Başbuğ made a statement after the court ordered his arrest, saying, "The 26th chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Republic has been arrested on charges of forming and leading a terrorist organization. The judgment rests with the Turkish people." Başbuğ denied all accusations in his defense and said it was "tragicomic" that the chief one of the world's most powerful armies had been accused of leading a terrorist organization.[7][8]

To accuse the former Chief of the General Staff of being a "terrorist" appears to be an exercise in “reductio ad absurdum,” because it means a "terrorist" – with access to the most secret and sacred of state intelligence – was running the Turkish military. Even Eric Edelman, former U.S. Ambassador to Turkey (2003–2005), was “flabbergasted.”[9]

According to Gareth Jenkins, "For many, the arrest of Başbuğ on terrorist charges will be regarded not so much as demonstrating that the General staff is no longer untouchable but that the Gülen movement has the power to imprison whoever it likes, regardless of the law, due process or the absurdity of the allegations; and further proof that in today's Turkey it is not the military but the Gülen Movement that people need to fear."[10]

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, on a TV program on 5 August 2012, said Başbuğ should be tried without imprisonment, and that he has never believed the charges directed against Başbuğ: "I have never found the charges directed against İlker Pasha correct. I think claims that he is a member of a terrorist organization are very ugly."[11]

In the European Commission's "Turkey 2012 Progress Report", Başbuğ's detention was mentioned twice and it was reported that "concerns persisted over the rights of the defence, lengthy pre-trial detention and excessively long and catch-all indictments, leading to significantly enhanced public scrutiny of the legitimacy of these trials." ("Democracy and the rule of law". Turkey 2012 Progress Report (PDF) (Report). European Commission. 10 October 2012. p. 7.)

On 5 August 2013, Başbuğ was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of "establishing and leading a terrorist organization" and "attempting to destroy the Turkish government or to attempting to partially or completely prevent its functioning."[12]

After being sentenced to life imprisonment, Başbuğ made a statement saying "If in a country, people question the independence of judges, suspect whether the judgements given are in accordance with the Constitution and the law, then one can not claim that there is supremacy of law in that country. For those who have been tried under these circumstances, the final say is the people’s say. And the people are never wrong and are never deceived. Those who have always stood beside the right and righteous people, beside justice, have a clear conscience. I am one of those people."[13]

According to a research by Gezici Research Company, 67.8% of people find the verdict given to Başbuğ was wrong.[14]

Overturning of conviction

On 6 March 2014, the Constitutional Court of Turkey overturned Başbuğ's conviction and ordered his release, ruling in favor of a complaint filed by Başbuğ on the grounds that his legal rights had been violated.[15] The next day, on 7 March, the Istanbul 20th Heavy Penal Court complied with the supreme court's decision and overturned Başbuğ's conviction.[3] He was released to cheering crowds later that day,[16] with President Abdullah Gül saying that he considered the overturning of Başbuğ's conviction "a very precious decision" and Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Arınç echoing his sentiments.[3]

On May 3, 2016, The Supreme Court of Appeals overturned all of the local court’s verdicts and convictions. The court also determined that Başbuğ’s situation should be handled by the Supreme Council. [17]

Decorations
gollark: * nine categories
gollark: Anyway, regarding memory use, the best way is OBVIOUSLY the osmarks.net thing where it has a graph with something like seven different categories of used memory.
gollark: Actual question: thus which?
gollark: Question: I wish to interact with """matrix""". However, due to synapse memory use bad, I can *either* have a working homeserver thing with bridge support (for APIONET and whatever) or a somewhat experimental one without that but which will not utterly consume all RAM ever when joining big rooms.
gollark: Anyway, see, concepts like "esolang" and "not esolang" have fuzzy boundaries so trying to insist that something is or isn't or give a highly rigorous definition is no.

See also
  • List of Chiefs of the Turkish General Staff

Footnotes
  1. "Biography: General İlker Başbuğ, Commander of the Turkish Armed Forces". NATO. 24 February 2009.
  2. "Coup plot conviction deepens secularist-Islamist rift in Turkey". The Hindu. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  3. "Turkey's former Chief of Staff İlker Başbuğ released from jail after top court ruling". Hürriyet Daily News. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  4. "Bestsellers: Turkey". NTV History. 42: 94. July 2012.
  5. "Remzi Kitapevi".
  6. İlker Başbuğ Official Website, 14 May 2016, Books
  7. "Turkey's ex-army chief arrested on terror charges". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 January 2012.
  8. "Ex-head of NATO's 2nd-largest army accused of 'forming and directing a terrorist group'". msnbc.com news services. 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012.
  9. Idiz, Semih (10 January 2012). "Something not right in Başbuğ's detention". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  10. Jenkins, Gareth H. (9 January 2012). "The Changing Object of Fear: The Arrest of Ilker Basbug". Turkey Analysts.
  11. "Başbuğ thanks Erdoğan for his support". Today's Zaman. 6 August 2012.
  12. Today's Zaman, 5 August 2013, Long sentences for Ergenekon suspects, life for ex-army chief Archived 6 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. İlker Başbuğ Official Website, 5 August 2013, Final Say Is The People’s Say
  14. Sozcu, 28 August 2013, This survey will really make PM cry
  15. "Former army chief's jailing a rights violation: Top Turkish court". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  16. İlker Başbuğ'a sevgi seli [Flood of love for İlker Başbuğ]. 7 March 2014.
  17. İlker Başbuğ Official Website, 5 May 2016, About
  18. "Office of the President of Albania" (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

References
Military offices
Preceded by
Hurşit Tolon		 Commander of the Turkish First Army
19 August 2005 – 17 August 2006		 Succeeded by
Fethi Remzi Tuncel
Preceded by
Yaşar Büyükanıt		 Commander of the Turkish Land Forces
30 August 2006 – 28 August 2008		 Succeeded by
Işık Koşaner
Preceded by
Yaşar Büyükanıt		 Chief of the General Staff of Turkey
28 August 2008 – 27 August 2010		 Succeeded by
Işık Koşaner
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