? (XXXTentacion album)

? is the second studio album by American rapper XXXTentacion and his last studio album to be released before his death. It was released on March 16, 2018, by Bad Vibes Forever, Caroline Distribution, and Capitol Music Group. It succeeds the release of his debut studio album 17 (2017) and the extended play A Ghetto Christmas Carol (2017). The album was primarily produced by frequent collaborator John Cunningham, and includes guest appearances from PnB Rock, Travis Barker, Joey Badass, and Matt Ox.

?
Studio album by XXXTentacion
Released	March 16, 2018
Recorded	2017–2018
Genre	Trap[1] acoustic[2] emo[2] nu metal[2]
Length	37:36
Label	Bad Vibes Forever Caroline Capitol
Producer	XXXTentacion (also exec.) John Cunningham (also exec.) Robert Soukiasyan Dell Soda Den Beats Laron Wages P. Soul Rekless Smash David TM88 Tre Pounds Z3N
XXXTentacion chronology
A Ghetto Christmas Carol (2017) ? (2018) Skins (2018)
Singles from ?
"Sad!" Released: March 2, 2018 "Changes" Released: March 2, 2018 "Moonlight" Released: August 14, 2018
Alternate cover
Deluxe Anniversary Edition cover

Featuring more live instrumentation than 17, ? features an array of genres, including acoustic, emo, alternative rock, trap, and cloud rap. XXXTentacion's vocals on parts the album are less restrained and lo-fi-ish compared to 17, with his vocals on introspective songs over piano and acoustic guitar chords being more projected. On other parts of the album, XXXTentacion's style resembles his underground sound, with him screaming. The album also features sounds similar to the Soundcloud rap scene.

? became XXXTentacion's first US number-one album, debuting at number one on the Billboard 200 with 131,000 album-equivalent units earned in its first week. The album has since been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was supported by three singles: "Sad!", "Changes", and "Moonlight". Following XXXTentacion's death on June 18, 2018, "Sad!" topped the Billboard Hot 100, where XXXTentacion became the first act to earn a posthumous Hot 100 number-one single as a lead artist since The Notorious B.I.G. with "Mo Money Mo Problems" in 1997.

At the 2019 Billboard Music Awards, ? was nominated for Top Billboard 200 Album, among other nominations. An anniversary deluxe edition of the album was originally going to be released on July 26, 2019 but was pushed back to September 6, 2019, featuring the album's instrumentals, A Ghetto Christmas Carol, voice memos from the recording sessions of the album, and new material featuring American rapper Rico Nasty and Japanese video game composer Yoko Shimomura.

Background

XXXTentacion released his debut studio album, 17 in August 2017[3] to commercial success.[4] Following the release of the album, he announced he was quitting music due to negativity and backlash,[5] though he eventually signed a $6 million one-album deal with Caroline Distribution[6] and released A Ghetto Christmas Carol EP on his SoundCloud on December 11, 2017.[7]

After the release of A Ghetto Christmas Carol, XXXTentacion announced he was preparing three new albums[8] and eventually announced the titles of the albums as Bad Vibes Forever, Skins, and ?, after being released on house arrest on December 23, 2017.[9] The track listing and release date was confirmed by XXXTentacion on March 12, 2018 via social media.[10][11]

Composition

A contrast to 17, the album features an array of genres, including alternative rock, emo,[12] trap, acoustic,[1] and cloud rap. The song "I Don't Even Speak Spanish lol" has been labelled as reggaeton pop,[1] while "Infinity (888)" is a classic hip hop song.[13] XXXTentacion's vocals on parts the album are less restrained and lo-fi-ish compared to 17, with his vocals over piano and acoustic guitar chords being more projected.[14] On other parts of the album, XXXTentacion's style resembles his underground sound pre-"Look at Me", with him portraying anger through screaming. The album also features sounds similar to the Soundcloud rap scene, as XXXTentacion mumble raps over less serious themes.[14]

Promotion

The cover art was first shown on XXXTentacion's Instagram story on January 28, 2018, with the caption "coming soon". Later that day, he explained that:

"This albums not about the words, it's about the feeling...it'll be very hard to understand, but very easy to listen to...it's not what you're expecting, even if you feel like you understand my music, be prepared to not understand this music."

XXXTentacion released the song "Hope" on his SoundCloud on February 21, 2018, dedicated to the survivors of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting.[15][16] XXXTentacion later hosted a benefit show for the survivors[17] on March 18, 2018 and offered condolences to the victims of the shooting.[18] On February 25, 2018, after the release of "Hope", the rapper posted vague messages on social media accusing Canadian rapper Drake of threatening to murder him alongside crude photoshopped images of Drake.[19][20] XXXTentacion proceeded to claim his accounts were hacked whilst there was speculation he was insulting the rapper for promotion of "Sad!" and “Changes”.[21]

Singles

The lead singles "Sad!" and "Changes" were released March 2, 2018, for streaming and digital download.[22] "Sad!" debuted at number 17, and peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming XXXTentacion's first number-one song and his highest-charting single to date.[23] XXXTentacion became the first act to earn a posthumous Hot 100 number-one single as a lead artist since The Notorious B.I.G. with "Mo Money Mo Problems" in 1997.[24] "Changes" debuted at number 47 on the week beginning March 13, 2018, and peaked at number 18.[25] The album's third single "Moonlight" was released posthumously to rhythmic radio on August 14, 2018.[26][27] "Moonlight" peaked at 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 after XXXTentacion's murder.

The Rico Nasty remix of "#ProudCatOwner" was released in August 2019 as a promotional single for the album's deluxe edition.[28]

Critical reception

Professional ratings

Aggregate scores
Source	Rating
Album of the Year	50/100[29]
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[30]
HotNewHipHop	70%[1]
Salute Magazine	3/5[31]
Sputnikmusic	0.5/5[32]
XXL	4/5[33]

In a positive review, online publication HotNewHipHop stated that "Despite a sagging middle section, ? features some of X's most nuanced and impressive material to date", adding that "X's commitment to honoring his various influences is admirable, but it may have behooved him to spend a little bit more time on sequencing this artistic kaleidoscope."[1] Sputnikmusic gave a negative review, saying that "This exercise in granting credence to emotionally stunted, bad musicians is something that is truly stunning to bear witness to."[32] XXL gave the album a positive review, and wrote "The album sonically goes every which way—a double-edge sword that can make for a dizzying, disjointed listen at times. Still, ? is X's most stimulating offering to date and with a little more focus on structure and cohesion, X's best work could very well be ahead of him."[33]

At the 2019 Billboard Music Awards, ? was nominated for Top Billboard 200 Album, among other nominations.[34]

Commercial performance

? debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with 131,000 album-equivalent units, with 20,000 pure album sales.[35] It was XXXTentacion's only US number-one album during his lifetime.[35] The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on August 7, 2018.[36]

? also reached number one in Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, and Sweden. Following XXXTentacion's death, the album reached a new peak of number one in the Netherlands.[37] It also ascended the Billboard 200 from number twenty-four to three, earning 94,000 units.[38] As well as the United States, the album has been certified platinum in Canada, France, Italy, Sweden, and triple platinum in Denmark.

An anniversary deluxe edition of the album was originally going to be released on July 26, 2019 but was pushed back to September 6, 2019, featuring the album's instrumentals, the EP A Ghetto Christmas Carol (2017), voice memos from the recording sessions of the album, and new material featuring American rapper Rico Nasty and Japanese video game composer Yoko Shimomura.[39]

Track listing

Credits adapted from Tidal, YouTube Music and iTunes.[40][41]

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Producer(s)	Length
1.	"Introduction (Instructions)"	Jahseh Onfroy	XXXTentacion	1:57
2.	"Alone, Part 3"	Onfroy John Cunningham Robert Soukiasyan	Cunningham Soukiasyan	1:49
3.	"Moonlight"	Onfroy Cunningham	Cunningham	2:15
4.	"Sad!"	Onfroy Cunningham	Cunningham	2:46
5.	"The Remedy for a Broken Heart (Why Am I So in Love)"	Onfroy Cunningham	XXXTentacion Cunningham	2:40
6.	"Floor 555"	Onfroy Alejandro Rodriguez	Dell Soda	1:33
7.	"Numb"	Onfroy Cunningham Soukiasyan Oren Yoel	Cunningham Soukiasyan^[a]	3:06
8.	"Infinity (888)" (featuring Joey Badass)	Onfroy Brandon Beazer Omari Jabari Jo-Vaughn Virginie	P. Soul	2:56
9.	"Going Down!"	Onfroy Bryan Simmons Jeff LaCroix	TM88 Tre Pounds	1:55
10.	"Pain = Best Friend" (featuring Travis Barker)	Onfroy Cunningham Soukiasyan Travis Barker	XXXTentacion Cunningham Soukiasyan^[a]	1:50
11.	"$$$" (with Matt Ox)	Onfroy Denmarc Mangupag Laron Wages Matthew Grau	Den Beats Wages	2:10
12.	"Love Yourself" (interlude)	Onfroy Cunningham	XXXTentacion Cunningham	0:48
13.	"Smash!" (featuring PnB Rock)	Onfroy Rakim Allen Samuel Jimenez Gabriel Tavarez	Smash David Rekless	1:49
14.	"I Don't Even Speak Spanish LOL" (featuring Rio Santana, Judah and Carlos Andrez)	Onfroy Juan Guerrieri-Maril Flavio Santana Judah Amar Carlos Andrez John Crawford	Z3N	3:12
15.	"Changes"	Onfroy Allen Cunningham	Cunningham XXXTentacion	2:02
16.	"Hope"	Onfroy Cunningham	Cunningham	1:50
17.	"Schizophrenia"	Onfroy Cunningham Soukiasyan	Cunningham Soukiasyan	1:20
18.	"Before I Close My Eyes"	Onfroy Cunningham	Cunningham	1:39
Total length:				37:36

Deluxe Anniversary Edition – Disc 1[39]

No.	Title	Producer(s)	Length
19.	"Alone, Part 3" (Instrumental)	Cunningham Soukiasyan	1:49
20.	"Moonlight" (Instrumental)	Cunningham	2:15
21.	"Sad!" (Instrumental)	Cunningham	2:46
22.	"The Remedy for a Broken Heart (Why Am I So in Love)" (Instrumental)	XXXTentacion Cunningham	2:40
23.	"Floor 555" (Instrumental)	Dell Soda	1:33
24.	"Numb" (Instrumental)	Cunningham Soukiasyan^[a]	3:06
25.	"Infinity (888)" (Instrumental)	P. Soul	2:56
26.	"Going Down!" (Instrumental)	TM88 Tre Pounds	1:55
27.	"Pain = Best Friend" (Instrumental)	XXXTentacion Cunningham Soukiasyan^[a]	1:50
28.	"$$$" (Instrumental)	Den Beats Wages	2:10
29.	"Love Yourself" (interlude) (Instrumental)	XXXTentacion Cunningham	0:48
30.	"Smash!" (Instrumental)	Smash David Rekless	1:49
31.	"I Don't Even Speak Spanish LOL" (Instrumental)	Z3N	3:12
32.	"Changes" (Instrumental)	Cunningham XXXTentacion	2:02
33.	"Hope" (Instrumental)	Cunningham	1:50
34.	"Schizophrenia" (Instrumental)	Cunningham Soukiasyan	1:20
35.	"Before I Close My Eyes" (Instrumental)	Cunningham	1:39
Total length:			73:19

Deluxe Anniversary Edition – Disc 2[39]

No.	Title	Writer(s)	Producer(s)	Length
36.	"Nocturne" (performed by Yoko Shimomura)			2:11
37.	"Hope (Freestyle)"			2:18
38.	"Jah on Drums"			0:59
39.	"Numb" (Acoustic)			2:32
40.	"#ProudCatOwnerRemix" (featuring Rico Nasty)	Onfroy Ronald Spence, Jr. Maria-Cecilia Kelly	Ronny J	2:37
41.	"A Ghetto Christmas Carol"	Onfroy Spence, Jr. Kevin Gomringer Tim Gomringer	Ronny J Cubeatz	1:45
42.	"Hate Will Never Win"	Onfroy	J Dilla	1:44
43.	"Up Like an Insomniac (Freestyle)"	Onfroy Spence, Jr.	XXXTentacion Ronny J	2:31
44.	"Red Light!"	Onfroy Spence, Jr.	Ronny J	1:05
45.	"Indecision"	Onfroy	XXXTentacion	2:04
46.	"Voice Memo 1: Alone, Part 3"			2:37
47.	"Voice Memo 2: Sad!"			3:38
48.	"Voice Memo 3: Moonlight"			2:29
49.	"Voice Memo 4: The Remedy for a Broken Heart"			2:29
50.	"Voice Memo 5: Going Down!"			1:40
51.	"Voice Memo 6: Changes"			3:29
52.	"Voice Memo 7: Before I Close My Eyes"			2:10
53.	"Voice Memo 8: Sad! Video Concept"			3:14
Total length:				114:51

Notes

• ^{^[a]} signifies a co-producer
• "Changes" features uncredited vocals by PnB Rock.[42]
• “#ProudCatOwnerRemix” is a remix of the 2017 track “#ProudCatOwner #IHateRappers #IEatPussy”

Stylizations

• "Introduction (Instructions)" is stylized as "introduction (instructions)".
• "Alone, Part 3", "Sad!", "Numb", "Smash!”, and "#ProudCatOwnerRemix" are stylized in uppercase letters. For example, "Sad!" is stylized as "SAD!".
• "The Remedy for a Broken Heart (Why Am I So in Love)", "I Don't Even Speak Spanish LOL", and "Before I Close My Eyes" are stylized in lowercase letters, except for the word I.
• "Infinity (888)", "Going Down!", "Love Yourself", "Changes" and "Schizophenia" are stylized in lowercase letters. For example, "Infinity (888)" is stylized as "infinity (888)".
• "Pain = Best Friend" is stylized as "Pain = BESTFRIEND".
• "Jah on Drums" is stylized in sentence case.

Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal and YouTube Music.[41]

Performers XXXTentacion – vocals Joey Badass – vocals (track 8) Travis Barker – drums (track 10) Matt Ox – vocals (track 11) PnB Rock – vocals (track 13, 15) Rio Santana – vocals (track 14) Judah – featured artist (track 14) Carlos Andrez – featured artist (track 14) Musicians XXXTentacion – guitar (track 17), piano (track 15) John Cunningham – guitar (tracks 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 17, 18), piano (tracks 2, 7, 18), drums (track 2), keyboards (tracks 3, 4, 16), bass guitar (tracks 7, 10, 17), strings (tracks 15, 18) Robert Soukiasyan – drums (track 7), guitar (track 17) Travis Barker – drums (track 10) Adolfo Mercado – drums (track 17) Technical Dave Kutch – mastering (all tracks) Robert Soukiasyan – recording (tracks 1-3, 5-12, 15, 17, 18), mixing (tracks 1-3, 5-12, 15, 17) Kevin Peterson – mastering assistant (tracks 1-3, 5-11, 13, 14, 16-18), mastering (tracks 4, 15) John Cunningham – mixing (tracks 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 16-18), recording (track 5) John Crawford – recording (tracks 2, 13, 14) Jahseh Onfroy – recording (track 4), mixing (track 12) Koen Heldens – mixing (track 4, 21, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44) Chris Quock – recording assistant (tracks 10, 17) Matt Malpass – recording (track 10) Z3N – recording (track 14), mixing (track 14) Karl Wingate – recording assistant (track 15)

Production XXXTentacion – production (tracks 1, 5, 10, 12) John Cunningham – production (tracks 2-5, 7, 10, 12, 15-18) Robert Soukiasyan – production (tracks 2, 17), co-production (tracks 7, 10) PnB Rock - co-production (track 15) Dell Soda – production (track 6) P. Soul – production (track 8) TM88 – production (track 9) Tre Pounds – production (track 9) Den Beats – production (track 11) Laron Wages – production (track 11) Smash David – production (track 13) Rekless – production (track 13) Z3N – production (track 14)

Charts

Weekly charts Chart (2018-2020) Peak position Australian Albums (ARIA)[43] 2 Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[44] 5 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[45] 3 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[46] 3 Canadian Albums (Billboard)[47] 1 Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[48] 1 Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[49] 1 Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[37] 1 Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[50] 2 French Albums (SNEP)[51] 3 German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[52] 13 Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[53] 20 Irish Albums (IRMA)[54] 2 Italian Albums (FIMI)[55] 8 Japanese Albums (Oricon)[56] 2 New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[57] 1 Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[58] 1 Polish Albums (ZPAV)[59] 38 Portuguese Albums (AFP)[60] 50 Scottish Albums (OCC)[61] 73 Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[62] 53 Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[63] 1 Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[64] 4 UK Albums (OCC)[65] 3 US Billboard 200[35] 1 US Independent Albums (Billboard)[66] 1 US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[67] 1

Year-end charts Chart (2018) Position Australian Albums (ARIA)[68] 12 Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[69] 54 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[70] 19 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[71] 50 Canadian Albums (Billboard)[72] 8 Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[73] 3 Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[74] 10 Estonian Albums (IFPI)[75] 4 French Albums (SNEP)[76] 33 German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[77] 78 Irish Albums (IRMA)[78] 20 Italian Albums (FIMI)[79] 37 New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[80] 6 Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[81] 6 Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[82] 69 UK Albums (OCC)[83] 31 US Billboard 200[84] 9 US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[85] 6 Chart (2019) Position Australian Albums (ARIA)[86] 29 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[87] 24 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[88] 81 Canadian Albums (Billboard)[89] 20 Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[90] 20 French Albums (SNEP)[91] 86 Irish Albums (IRMA)[92] 40 Italian Albums (FIMI)[93] 81 New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[94] 24 Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[95] 39 UK Albums (OCC)[96] 55 US Billboard 200[97] 21 US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[98] 12 Decade-end charts Chart (2010–2019) Position US Billboard 200[99] 46

Certifications

Region	Certification	Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[100]	Platinum	70,000
Belgium (BEA)[101]	Gold	15,000^*
Canada (Music Canada)[102]	Platinum	80,000^*
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[103]	3× Platinum	60,000
France (SNEP)[104]	2× Platinum	200,000
Italy (FIMI)[105]	Platinum	50,000^*
New Zealand (RMNZ)[106]	Gold	7,500^^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[107]	2× Platinum	40,000^*
Sweden (GLF)[108]	Platinum	30,000^^
United Kingdom (BPI)[109]	Silver	60,000
United States (RIAA)[36]	Platinum	1,000,000
^*sales figures based on certification alone ^^shipments figures based on certification alone sales+streaming figures based on certification alone

Release history

Region	Date	Format(s)	Label	Ref.
Various	March 16, 2018	Streaming digital download	Bad Vibes Forever	[110]
	March 22, 2018	Vinyl		[111]
	June 1, 2018	CD		[112]
	September 6, 2019	Streaming digital download CD vinyl (Deluxe Anniversary release)		[113]

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