How can I see (on my local display) emacs (and other graphical apps) running on a VPS?

Question

Original Question posted on StackOverflow by mistake.

The VPS is running CentOS 6.x

It looks like this post is highly relevant, but neither -Y nor -X worked. (As an I do trust the remote server, but always prefer the tighter security if possible.)

In response to Richard E. Silverman's help on the original post, I'm listing the output of -vv below:

$ssh [redacted]@[redacted] -X -p [redacted] -vv
OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for *
debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 102: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to [redacted].
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: identity file /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: identity file /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3
debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH_5*
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[e-mail],[e-mail],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,[e-mail],[e-mail],aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 
debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 130/256
debug2: bits set: 506/1024
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: RSA [redacted]
debug1: checking without port identifier
debug1: Host '[redacted]' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/known_hosts:3
debug1: found matching key w/out port
debug2: bits set: 520/1024
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug2: kex_derive_keys
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: Roaming not allowed by server
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug2: key: /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_rsa (0x0),
debug2: key: /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_dsa (0x0),
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/[redacted]/.ssh/id_dsa
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[redacted]'s password: 
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentication succeeded (password).
Authenticated to [redacted]).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug2: channel 0: send open
debug1: Requesting [e-mail]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug2: callback start
debug2: Checking for xauth using /opt/X11/bin/xauth -f /var/folders/vx/7dvtlfhn0zqcnpqsg2894_n00000gq/T//xauth_test exit > /dev/null 2> /dev/null

debug2: x11_get_proto: /opt/X11/bin/xauth -f /var/folders/vx/7dvtlfhn0zqcnpqsg2894_n00000gq/T//ssh-6ZqGmD9RTF6q/xauthfile generate /tmp/launch-ZMvHpM/org.macosforge.xquartz:0 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 untrusted timeout 1200 2>/dev/null
debug2: x11_get_proto: /opt/X11/bin/xauth -f /var/folders/vx/7dvtlfhn0zqcnpqsg2894_n00000gq/T//ssh-6ZqGmD9RTF6q/xauthfile list /tmp/launch-ZMvHpM/org.macosforge.xquartz:0 2>/dev/null
debug1: Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication spoofing.
debug2: channel 0: request x11-req confirm 1
debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY
debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0
debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1
debug2: callback done
debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768
debug1: Remote: No xauth program; cannot forward with spoofing.
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 100 id 0
X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0
debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0
debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0
debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0
Last login: Sun Mar  9 09:41:12 2014 from [redacted]

I do NOT believe I have xauth installed, so I will try fixing that first...