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There have been several questions regarding setting up wireless access points or bridges, but none that I can find which plainly describe how to set up a "nested network" in a residential setting.
I believe what I am attempting to do is create a "second TCP/IP subnet and routing between it and [my] existing LAN subnet," as another user mentioned in an answer to a related question.
What type of hardware (cabling) and software (router properties) configuration would be necessary to create a "nested" wireless network, within the framework of a preexisting LAN?
The current architecture:
The desired architecture: