Permanently change default language and keyboard settings - what am I missing?

Question

I'm trying to configure a Debian Linux (ARMHF 3.8.13-bone20) on a BeagleBone Black to use German as the default language and keyboard layout, which does not work, and I can't see why. I'm talking about the console settings, not X or Gnome etc. Here are my settings and what I did so far:

dpkg-reconfigure locales

Here I chose de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8 and unselected en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8.

Output from locale:

LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="de_DE.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

Content of /etc/default/locale:

LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=de_DE.UTF-8

Content of /etc/default/keyboard:

# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="de"
XKBVARIANT="nodeadkeys"
XKBOPTIONS="terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
BACKSPACE="guess"

I ran setupcon after making these settings and it didn't change anything, the layout still was en_US.

After that, I ran

dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

and set German - no dead keys as keyboard layout. Still no change, neither at once nor after a reboot.

Next, I tried

dpkg-reconfigure console-data

Here I chose

Choose layout from entire list

and then

pc / quertz / German / Standard / latin1 - no dead keys

The output after that was:

Looking for keymap to install:
de-latin1-nodeadkeys
#

At this moment, the correct keyboard layout is present, but unfortunately things revert to the English (US) keyboard layout after reboot.

What can I do to permanently change the keyboard layout? As far as I can see the correct keymap must be present as it can get loaded, but only until the next reboot. What am I missing here?

Update: When connecting via SSH the German keymap gets loaded.

Answer 1

You might try to add the boot parameters of debian-installer/keymap=de and keymap=de.

Also, the answer at the thread Keyboard layout HELP says :

1. Go to the webmin and do this SYSTEM -> SOFTWARE PACKADGES -> UPGRADE ALL

2. (I don't recall if the order was this) Go to the console and do the following:

   apt-get install console-data
   apt-get install console-setup
   apt-get install console-locales
   apt-get install keyboard-configuration

3. Do the dpkg-reconfigure for each of the packets above. REBOOT.

So maybe your problem is that you haven't done all of them before rebooting.

Answer 2

After dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration, you need to run

setupcon

NAME
       setupcon - sets up the font and the keyboard on the console

SYNOPSIS
       setupcon [OPTION]... [VARIANT]

DESCRIPTION
       setupcon  is a program for fast and easy setup of the font and the key‐
       board on the console.  Most of the time  you  invoke  setupcon  without
       arguments.   The  keyboard configuration is specified in ~/.keyboard or
       /etc/default/keyboard.  The font configuration is specified in  ~/.con‐
       sole-setup or /etc/default/console-setup.  Consult keyboard(5) and con‐
       sole-setup(5) for instructions how to configure these two files.

Answer 3

On Stretch you'll need console-setup (in addition to keyboard-configuration), which includes the necessary systemd-service keyboard-setup:

apt-get install keyboard-configuration console-setup

Answer 4

dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=input --action=change

Answer 5

The solution for me was to comment out all the locale relevant variables at /etc/profile

#export LANG="de_DE.utf8"
#export LANGUAGE="de_DE.utf8"
#export LC_ALL="de_DE.utf8"

(I wanted to get rid off the German :))

and then set my locale as I wish within /etc/default/locale

The debian wiki page https://wiki.debian.org/Locale was the most helpfull document I found.