After several false starts I figured this out. The key is to add a systemd unit service between udev and a mounting script.
(For the record, I was not able to get this working using udisks2 (via something like udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb1) called either directly from a udev rule or from a systemd unit file. There seems to be a race condition and the device node isn't quite ready, resulting in Error looking up object for device /dev/sdb1. Unfortunate, since udisks2 could take care of all the mount point messyness...)
The heavy lifting is done by a shell script, which takes care of creating and removing mount points, and mounting and unmounting the drives.
/usr/local/bin/usb-mount.sh
#!/bin/bash
# This script is called from our systemd unit file to mount or unmount
# a USB drive.
usage()
{
echo "Usage: $0 {add|remove} device_name (e.g. sdb1)"
exit 1
}
if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
usage
fi
ACTION=$1
DEVBASE=$2
DEVICE="/dev/${DEVBASE}"
# See if this drive is already mounted, and if so where
MOUNT_POINT=$(/bin/mount | /bin/grep ${DEVICE} | /usr/bin/awk '{ print $3 }')
do_mount()
{
if [[ -n ${MOUNT_POINT} ]]; then
echo "Warning: ${DEVICE} is already mounted at ${MOUNT_POINT}"
exit 1
fi
# Get info for this drive: $ID_FS_LABEL, $ID_FS_UUID, and $ID_FS_TYPE
eval $(/sbin/blkid -o udev ${DEVICE})
# Figure out a mount point to use
LABEL=${ID_FS_LABEL}
if [[ -z "${LABEL}" ]]; then
LABEL=${DEVBASE}
elif /bin/grep -q " /media/${LABEL} " /etc/mtab; then
# Already in use, make a unique one
LABEL+="-${DEVBASE}"
fi
MOUNT_POINT="/media/${LABEL}"
echo "Mount point: ${MOUNT_POINT}"
/bin/mkdir -p ${MOUNT_POINT}
# Global mount options
OPTS="rw,relatime"
# File system type specific mount options
if [[ ${ID_FS_TYPE} == "vfat" ]]; then
OPTS+=",users,gid=100,umask=000,shortname=mixed,utf8=1,flush"
fi
if ! /bin/mount -o ${OPTS} ${DEVICE} ${MOUNT_POINT}; then
echo "Error mounting ${DEVICE} (status = $?)"
/bin/rmdir ${MOUNT_POINT}
exit 1
fi
echo "**** Mounted ${DEVICE} at ${MOUNT_POINT} ****"
}
do_unmount()
{
if [[ -z ${MOUNT_POINT} ]]; then
echo "Warning: ${DEVICE} is not mounted"
else
/bin/umount -l ${DEVICE}
echo "**** Unmounted ${DEVICE}"
fi
# Delete all empty dirs in /media that aren't being used as mount
# points. This is kind of overkill, but if the drive was unmounted
# prior to removal we no longer know its mount point, and we don't
# want to leave it orphaned...
for f in /media/* ; do
if [[ -n $(/usr/bin/find "$f" -maxdepth 0 -type d -empty) ]]; then
if ! /bin/grep -q " $f " /etc/mtab; then
echo "**** Removing mount point $f"
/bin/rmdir "$f"
fi
fi
done
}
case "${ACTION}" in
add)
do_mount
;;
remove)
do_unmount
;;
*)
usage
;;
esac
The script, in turn, is called by a systemd unit file. We use the "@" filename syntax so we can pass the device name as an argument.
/etc/systemd/system/usb-mount@.service
[Unit]
Description=Mount USB Drive on %i
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=true
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/usb-mount.sh add %i
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/usb-mount.sh remove %i
Finally, some udev rules start and stop the systemd unit service on hotplug/unplug:
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules
KERNEL=="sd[a-z][0-9]", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/bin/systemctl start usb-mount@%k.service"
KERNEL=="sd[a-z][0-9]", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ACTION=="remove", RUN+="/bin/systemctl stop usb-mount@%k.service"
This seems to do the trick! A couple of useful commands for debugging stuff like this:
udevadm control -l debug turns on verbose logging to
/var/log/syslog so you can see what's happening.udevadm control --reload-rules after you modify files in the
rules.d dir (may not be necessary, but can't hurt...).systemctl daemon-reload after you modify systemd unit files.
