Use split DNS (split horizon), but not on a server running Microsoft software - it doesn't work.
On your local DNS recursor/cacher you can usually create a specific override for a FQDN to map to a different IP. This adds exactly one CI to your CMDB and isn't unusual or complex at all.
Depending on your setup, you usually do this on your network gateway system. For example on pfSense, it can be done using the GUI in Services->DNS Server at the bottom. Since you did not post what you are using, I cannot give you an example for your system.
Elaborating on my answer:
This is an exact case on why split-horizon DNS works and is needed. If you have multiple entry points to a service which require different IP's to access it, and you are using a FQDN to access it, DNS is exactly how this is solved.
Usually, there are 3 very common cases that depending on the places your staff works from come in to play:
- Local RDS on the LAN where the RDS is actually accessible
- RDS via WAN, which requires the WAN IP to be used (which then NATs to the LAN IP for RDS)
- RDS via VPN, where VPN lives on its own subnet and may or may not have access to the LAN
Sometimes where are multiple VPN connections or tunnels, which can complicate things even further. In many cases this can be solved with routing and firewalling, but that creates so many more Configuration Items that your CMDB will simply be flooded with nonsense every time you need to configure a service to be reachable from multiple places.
In many setups, the zone for which the Windows server needs to be authoritative for can simply be configured on the main router, gateway or DNS server, so that you can have one high-performance single point of configuration for your entire DNS needs. The only drawback is that if zone transfers or remote DNS updates are needed to the default DNS server by clients, it will no longer work. This is, however, usually no longer the case in client-server setups.
The way split-DNS works in this case is simply this:
- Public DNS holds the A record for WAN connections
- Internal DNS holds an override A record for the specific FQDN (remote.example.com)
Because only two different DNS records are needed (public and LAN), this is easy and reliably configurable. There is no need for views like BIND has, or PowerDNS's views implementation, or Unbound with rewriting support. Views and Split-DNS is not implemented in Microsoft DNS, that's why that is not an option in this case. (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_DNS_server_software for a comparison)
On a second note: if you have pfSense, you could simply create an L2TP over IPSec or OpenVPN tunnel so people can have remote access. While it does require installation of software on the client system, it removes the need of a WAN-accessible RDS.