I'm reposting the below from the following Unix stackexchange answer:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/106215/whta-does-bin-bash-in-etc-passwd-mean
The answer lies in the nsswitch.conf(5) man page:
Interaction with +/- syntax (compat mode)
Linux libc5 without NYS does not have the name service switch but does
allow the user some policy control. In /etc/passwd you could have
entries of the form +user or +@netgroup (include the specified user
from the NIS passwd map), -user or -@netgroup (exclude the specified
user), and + (include every user, except the excluded ones, from the
NIS passwd map).
You can override certain passwd fields for a particular user from the
NIS passwd map by using the extended form of +user:::::: in
/etc/passwd. Non-empty fields override information in the NIS passwd
map.
Since most people only put a + at the end of /etc/passwd to include
everything from NIS, the switch provides a faster alternative for this
case (passwd: files nis) which doesn’t require the single + entry
in /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow. If this is not
sufficient, the NSS compat service provides full +/- semantics. By
default, the source is nis, but this may be overridden by
specifying nisplus as source for the
pseudo-databases passwd_compat, group_compat and shadow_compat. These
pseudo-databases are only available in GNU C Library.