Google dorks are combinations of special search operators that are used to extract some valuable information from Google
Dorks are mostly used by hackers to pinpoint a specific attribute/property of a website, potentially an exploitable one.
Using Google dorks, one can filter the search results based on various parameters. Some of the common examples are finding out URLs containing a specific string, web pages containing a pattern in their title or body, pages of websites cached by Google. One can also target a particular domain or a particular file extension.