TL;DR: yes, but connect a small resistor between the data lines at the host end.
USB protocols do support power delivery without data lines. According to the Wikipedia article,
The charging device identifies the type of port through non-data signalling on the D+
and D−
signals immediately after attach. A [dedicated charging port] simply has to place a resistance not exceeding 200 Ω across the D+
and D−
signals.
Without the connection between the data pins, the charging port would supply only 100 mA (a low-speed single unit load - the initial non-negotiated supply), but with this modification (at the power supply end), you should get at least 1.5 A and (at the port's discretion) up to 5A without further action.
For further information, you'll want to consult USB Battery Charging Specification (sorry, that's a Zip archive containing PDFs). There are higher-current modes that may be enabled by FSK signalling on the power lines themselves (USB Power Delivery), but you can safely ignore those.
Note that in this answer, I'm only addressing data risks, that might subvert your device without your knowledge. You are still subject to the usual Denial of Service risks such as over-voltage and reverse voltage, but you will obviously at least know if your device is destroyed by the outlet. I'm assuming you have decent backups of your device (including any removable media you were foolish enough to leave inserted), and that you're not someone who is likely to be specifically targeted - if a charging port is indiscriminately destroying users' devices, it will get noticed!