Religious pluralism
Religious pluralism is a policy stating that all religions and belief systems (theistic, non-theistic, etc.) are in essentials equally valid and there is no reason why they should not co-exist with one another.
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| Speak of the devil |
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Pluralistic traditions
There are several religious traditions that explicitly affirm a pluralistic worldview, including Unitarian Universalism (originating in Christianity) and the Baha'i Faith (originating in Islam).
Also, many pre-Abrahamic pagan traditions, although not explicitly pluralistic, did not maintain that their particular cult was the "one true faith" in exclusion of all others.
Criticism of religious pluralism
Religious pluralism may deny the existence of absolute truth, holding that, in contravention of Daniel Patrick Moynihan's quip, people are entitled to their own facts as well as their own opinions. This can lead to the belief that crank ideas are just as valid as empirical and logical facts.[1]
Specifically, religious pluralism may be used to promote anti-science ideas, since it can convince people that scientific topics (evolution, global warming, gluons) and science as a whole is another point of view or belief system and not absolute fact.[2]
Another issue is that religious pluralism grants equal validity to religious traditions that do not themselves accept religious pluralism. This has led to such phemonena as Islamic fundamentalists and some religious pluralists agreeing on an agenda of banning certain criticisms of Islam, under labels such as "defamation of religion."