Piri Reis map

The Piri Reis map is the surviving fragment of a 1513 world mapFile:Wikipedia's W.svg compiled from previous sources by the Ottoman cartographer Piri ReisFile:Wikipedia's W.svg.

Fiction over fact
Pseudohistory
How it didn't happen
v - t - e

Only about a third of the original map still exists. It shows relatively accurately parts of the coasts of Europe, north Africa, Brazil, the Azores, the Canary Islands and Japan. North and South America are not accurately depicted, with some substantial errors. Significantly, an error in the depiction of South America has been interpreted by some to be a depiction of the coast of Antarctica, without the current icecap.

Thus, various cranks have seized on this purported "fact" to prop up their pet ideas:

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