3e SRD:Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions

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Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions

Use these adjustments whenever a character is making a melee, ranged, full, or other type of attack action.

Table: Attack Roll Modifiers

Circumstance	Melee	Ranged
Attacker flanking defender*	+2
Attacker on higher ground	+1	+0
Attacker prone	-4	**
Attacker invisible	+2***	+2***
Defender sitting or kneeling	+2	-2
Defender prone	+4	-4
Defender stunned, cowering, or off balance	+2***	+2***
Defender climbing (cannot use shield)	+2***	+2***
Defender surprised or flat-footed	+0***	+0***
Defender running	+0***	-2***
Defender grappling (attacker not)	+0***	+0****
Defender pinned	+4***	-4***
Defender has cover	See Cover	See Cover
Defender concealed or invisible	See Concealment	See Concealment
Defender helpless	See Helpless Defenders	See Helpless Defenders

*A character flanks a defender when the character has an ally on the opposite side of the defender and that ally threatens the defender

**Most ranged weapons can't be used while the attacker is prone, but a character can use a crossbow while prone.

***The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.

****Roll randomly to see which grappling character is struck when an attack is made against two or more grappling characters. The character attacked also loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.

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