'A' to Ä converter

Question

I'm currently scanning a bunch of handwritten documents and converting them to .txt files. Since I have a terrible handwriting the .jpg->.txt converter converts some of my umlauts to the "normal" letter encased by '

Task

Write a program or a function that:

• Is given a string
  • you can choose any I/O codepage as long as
    • it supports the characters AEIOUaeiouÄËÏÖÜäëïöü'.
      • combining diacriticals are prohibited
    • the Input and Output codepages are the same.
  • the input will (beside spaces) only contain printable characters from your codepage.
    • There will only be one solution, thus things like 'a'e' won't appear
• Converts all characters in the following set AEIOUaeiou to ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü
  • If, and only if, they are surrounded by ' characters:
    • Example: 'a''e' -> äë
  • If the from string is a single letter.
    • for example 'AE' does not change at all, outputting as-is.
  • If the from character is not a character out of AEIOUaeiou that character won't change.

Note: The from character / from string is the one between '.

Testcases

Input
Output
<empty line>

'A'sthetik
Ästhetik

Meinung ist wichtig!
Meinung ist wichtig!

Ich sagte: "Er sagte: 'Ich habe Hunger'"
Ich sagte: "Er sagte: 'Ich habe Hunger'"

Ich sagte: "Er sagte: ''A'sthetik'"
Ich sagte: "Er sagte: 'Ästhetik'"

Hämisch rieb er sich die H'a'nde
Hämisch rieb er sich die Hände

H'a''a'slich isn't a German word
Hääslich isn't a German word

since it's really called h'a'sslich
since it's really called hässlich

Answer 1

JavaScript (ES6), 81 70 68 bytes

s=>s.replace(/'[aeiou]'/gi,c=>"ï   ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ "[c.charCodeAt(1)%15])

---

Try It

f=
s=>s.replace(/'[aeiou]'/gi,c=>"ï   ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ "[c.charCodeAt(1)%15])
i.addEventListener("input",_=>o.innerText=f(i.value))
console.log(f("'A'sthetik")) // Ästhetik
console.log(f("Meinung ist wichtig!")) // Meinung ist wichtig!
console.log(f(`Ich sagte: "Er sagte: 'Ich habe Hunger'"`)) // Ich sagte: "Er sagte: 'Ich habe Hunger'"
console.log(f(`Ich sagte: "Er sagte: ''A'sthetik'"`)) // Ich sagte: "Er sagte: 'Ästhetik'"
console.log(f("Hämisch rieb er sich die H'a'nde")) // Hämisch rieb er sich die Hände
console.log(f("H'a''a'slich isn't a German word")) // Hääslich isn't a German word
console.log(f("since it's really called h'a'sslich")) // since it's really called hässlich

<input id=i><pre id=o>

---

Explanation

• s=> Anonymous function taking the input string as an argument via parameter "s".
• s.replace(x,y) Returns the string with "x" replaced by "y".
• /'[aeiou]'/gi Case insensitive regular expression that matches all occurrences of a vowel enclosed by single quotes.
• c=> Passes each match of the regular expression to an anonymous function via parameter "c".
• "ï ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ "[n] Returns the nth character (0 indexed) in the string "ï ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ ", similar to "ï ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ ".charAt(n).
• c.charCodeAt(1)%15 Gets the remainder of the character code of the second character in "c" (i.e. the vowel character) when divided by 15.

---

Alternative, 40/52 36/48 bytes (35/47 characters)

The following was my answer before combining diacritics were disallowed (Boo-urns!) - better viewed in this Fiddle

s=>s.replace(/'([aeiou])'/gi,"$1̈")

However, ETHproductions suggests that with the addition of .normalize() for an additional 12 bytes that this would be valid.

s=>s.replace(/'([aeiou])'/gi,"$1̈").normalize()

Answer 2

Perl 5, 25 bytes

s/'(\w)'/chr 1+ord$1/age

24 bytes, plus 1 for -pe instead of -e

This makes use of the rule that "you can choose any I/O codepage as long as it supports the characters AEIOUaeiouÄËÏÖÜäëïöü'". It also makes use of the /a flag on regexes, which causes \w to refer to precisely the characters in abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_0123456789 no matter how they're encoded.

The chosen I/O codepage for my script is this:

 1  a
 2  ä
 3  e
 4  ë
 5  i
 6  ï
 7  o
 8  ö
 9  u
10  ü
11  A
12  Ä
13  E
14  Ë
15  I
16  Ï
17  O
18  Ö
19  U
20  Ü
21  '

(I can't test this script on the test cases in the question, as they include some really weird characters, like t.)

---

Thanks to Grimy for saving me three bytes. Earlier, I had s/'([a-z])'/chr 1+ord$1/gie, which made use of (the encoding and) the interesting fact that [a-z] is special-cased in Perl to match precisely abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz no matter the encoding. My earlier answer is, IMO, more interesting, but this one is shorter, so, what the heck, I'll take it.

Answer 3

Vim, 33 bytes

:s/\c'\([aeiou]\)'/<C-v><C-k>\1:/g
ii<esc>D@"

Try it online! in the backwards compatible V interpreter.

Answer 4

Japt, 29 bytes

r"'%v'"@"ï   ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ "gXc1

Try it online!

Explanation

r"'%v'"@"ï   ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ "gXc1

r"'%v'"@                       // Replace each match X of /'<vowel>'/ in the input with
        "ï   ÖÄöä ËÜëüÏ "g     //   the character in this string at index
                          Xc1  //     X.charCodeAt(1).
                               //   Values larger than the length of the string wrap around,
                               //   so this is effectively equal to " ... "[n%15].
                               // Implicit: output result of last expression

Answer 5

Javascript, 67 bytes

s=>s.replace(/'.'/g,c=>"äëïöüÄËÏÖÜ"['aeiouAEIOU'.indexOf(c[1])]||c)

Try it online!

Replace all characters between quotes with either the corresponding umlauted character, or the match itself if it's not in the group of characters that need changing.

Answer 6

Jelly, 36 bytes

œṣ⁹Ṫ¤j
“.ạẏụ’D196;+\Ọż⁾''jЀØc¤;@Wç/

Try it online!

This seems pretty complicated for Jelly!

How?

Note: Since the characters are not on the code-page, but are within the range of a byte in Unicode I think they must be created from ordinals, so I have.

œṣ⁹Ṫ¤j - Link 1, Replace: char list S [...], list R [char T, char list F]
œṣ     - split S at sublists equal to:
    ¤  -   nilad followed by link(s) as a nilad:
  ⁹    -     link's right argument, R
   Ṫ   -     tail - yield char list F and modify R to become [T]
     j - join with R (now [T])
       - all in all split S at Rs and join back up with [T]s.

“.ạẏụ’D196;+\Ọż⁾''jЀØc¤;@Wç/ - Main link: char list S
       196;                   - 196 concatenate with:
“.ạẏụ’                        -   base 250 literal 747687476
      D                       -   to decimal list [7,4,7,6,8,7,4,7,6]
           +\                 - cumulative reduce with addition: [196,203,207,214,220,228,235,239,246,252]
             Ọ                - cast to characters: ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü
                       ¤      - nilad followed by link(s) as a nilad:
               ⁾''            -   literal ["'", "'"]
                     Øc       -   vowel yield: AEIOUaeiou
                  jЀ         -   join mapped:  ["'A'", "'E'", ...]
              ż               - zip together
                          W   - wrap S in a list
                        ;@    - concatenate (swap @rguments)
                           ç/ - reduce with last link (1) as a dyad
                              - implicit print

Answer 7

V, 24 bytes

Óã'¨[aeiou]©'/±:
éiD@"

Try it online!

Hexdump:

00000000: d3e3 27a8 5b61 6569 6f75 5da9 272f 160b  ..'.[aeiou].'/..
00000010: b13a 0ae9 6944 4022                      .:..iD@"

This is just a direct translation of my vim answer so that I can beat all of the golfing languages. :P

Answer 8

Ruby, 62+1 = 63 bytes

Uses the -p flag for +1 byte.

gsub(/'([aeiou])'/i){$1.tr"AEIOUaeiou","ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü"}

Try it online!

Answer 9

APL (Dyalog), 53 bytes

(v←'''[AEIOUaeiou]''')⎕R{'  ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü'[v⍳2⊃⍵.Match]}

Try it online!

Uses PCRE Replace (saving the RegEx as v) to apply the following function to quoted vowels:

{ anonymous function

 ' ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü'[…] index the string (note two spaces corresponding to '[) with:

  ⍵.Match the matched string

  2⊃ pick second letter (the vowel)

  v⍳ find index in v

}

Answer 10

///, 67 bytes

/~/'\///`/\/\/~/'A~Ä`E~Ë`I~Ï`O~Ö`U~Ü`a~ä`e~ë`i~ï`o~ö`u~ü/

Try it online!

This works by replacing non-dotted letters surrounded by single-quotes('A') with the same letter as a dotted, without the single quotes (Ä). A single replacement of this looks like this (before the golf): /'A'/Ä/.

The golf takes two common occurrences, // and '/, and uses them as replacements.

Answer 11

SOGL, 43 35 (UTF-8) bytes

L∫:ÆW ':h++;"äëïöü”:U+Wŗ

Explanation:

L∫                        repeat 10 times, pushing current iteration (0-based)
  :                       duplicate the iteration
   ÆW                     get the index (1-based) in "aeiouAEIOU"
      ':h++               quote it
           ;              put the copy (current iteration) ontop
            "äëïöü”       push "äëïöü"
                   :      duplicate it
                    U     uppercase it
                     +    join together, resulting in "äëïöüÄËÏÖÜ"
                      W   get the index (1-based) in it
                       ŗ  replace [in the input, current char from "aeiouAEIOU" with
                          the corresponding char in "äëïöüÄËÏÖÜ"

Answer 12

Swift - 201 bytes

import Foundation;func g(s:String){var e=s;var r="aeiouAEIOUäëïöüÄËÏÖÜ".characters.map{String($0)};for i in r[0...9]{e=e.replacingOccurrences(of:"'\(i)'",with:r[r.index(of:i)!+10])};print(e)}

Usage: g("'A'sthetik") // => Ästhetik

Answer 13

AWK, 99 bytes

{split("AEIOUaeiou",p,"")
for(i=1;i<=split("ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü",r,"");i++)gsub("'"p[i]"'",r[i])}1

Try it online!

I tried to come up with some clever regex within a gensub but failed :(

Answer 14

Python 3.6, 98 92 characters

import re;a=lambda i,p="'([AEIOUaeiou])'":re.sub(p,lambda x:'ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü'[p.index(x[1])-3],i)

It's a function, not a complete program.

Formatted for readability:

import re

a = lambda i, p="'([AEIOUaeiou])'":\
    re.sub(p, lambda x: 'ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü'[p.index(x[1]) - 3], i)

Thanks to @ValueInk for clever tips for further golfing.

Answer 15

05AB1E, 30 29 24 bytes

-6 bytes thanks to Emigna

žMDu«S''«''ì"äëïöü"Du«S:

05AB1E conveniently has the characters äëïöü in its code page.

Try it online!

(old code)

žMDu«Svy''.ø})"äëïöü"Du«¹ŠS:

Explanation (outdated):

žM                             Push aeiou                    ['aeiou']
  D                            Duplicate                     ['aeiou', 'aeiou']
   u                           Uppercase                     ['aeiou', 'AEIOU']
    «                          Concatenate                   ['aeiouAEIOU']
     vy                        For each...
       ''                        Push '
         .ø                      Surround a with b (a -> bab)
           }                   End loop
            )                  Wrap stack to array           [["'a'", "'e'", "'i'", "'o'", "'u'", "'A'", "'E'", "'I'", "'O'", "'U'"]]
             "äëïöü"           String literal.               [["'a'", "'e'", "'i'", "'o'", "'u'", "'A'", "'E'", "'I'", "'O'", "'U'"], 'äëïöü']
                    Du«        Duplicate, uppercase, concat  [["'a'", "'e'", "'i'", "'o'", "'u'", "'A'", "'E'", "'I'", "'O'", "'U'"], 'äëïöüÄËÏÖÜ']
                       ¹       Push first input
                        Š      Push c, a, b                  ["'A'sthetik", ["'a'", "'e'", "'i'", "'o'", "'u'", "'A'", "'E'", "'I'", "'O'", "'U'"], 'äëïöüÄËÏÖÜ']
                          S    Convert to char list          ["'A'sthetik", ["'a'", "'e'", "'i'", "'o'", "'u'", "'A'", "'E'", "'I'", "'O'", "'U'"], ['ä', 'ë', 'ï', 'ö', 'ü', 'Ä', 'Ë', 'Ï', 'Ö', 'Ü']]
                           :   Replace all                   ['Ästhetik']
                               Implicit print

Try it online!

Answer 16

Retina, 39 bytes

iT`A\EI\OUaei\ou'`ÄËÏÖÜäëïöü_`'[aeiou]'

Try it online!