Sonic Stunner

A nonlethal technological counterpart of Make Me Wanna Shout, this is one of the stock weapons of genre SF literature. Also called a stun gun. It has very consistent traits:

• It's a small, quiet, low-power weapon, used like a pistol and readily concealable.
• Fires focused infrasound or ultrasound
• Usually does no damage to inanimate objects, but if plot-convenient may shatter crystal or damage delicate electronics.
• It is nonlethal, but it knocks you unconscious. A near miss induces partial paralysis or a pins-and-needles sensation.
• When you wake up hours later, you will probably have one or more of: pins-and-needles, a violent headache, nausea, muscle aches. This side effect is commonly called stun shock or stun sickness.
• It's a short range weapon, with the effect blocked by walls and heavy furniture.
• Stunners are often available even in societies with hard controls on lethal weapons.

In genre SF after the mid-1950s, anything called a stunner or stun gun without qualification probably has the performance traits and role of a sonic stunner. Earlier stunners in genre SF were Static Stun Guns. One functional difference is that sonic stunners are more likely to have stunner-sickness aftereffects.

This trope isn't as common in visual media, which favors more lethal and flashier weapons (and thus the visually more interesting Static Stun Gun). When you do see a sonic stunner in film or TV, it tends to be something of a subtle Shout-Out by writers making a point of their genre-SF roots.

Not to be confused with the sonic screwdriver, which is a tool rather than a weapon.

Examples of Sonic Stunner include:

Anime and Manga

• In Naruto several ninja from the Sound Village use abilities with these effects such as Dosu's Melody Arm and Kin's bells. Kabuto has a jutsu that combines this with a bright shining light blinding and disorienting enemies at the same time.

Literature

• "Police Operation", H. Beam Piper, 1948: "ultrasonic paralyzers", described as 18-inch wands with bulbous ends. The effect is unreliable and it is implied there is no stun shock.
• "Null ABC", H. Beam Piper and John Joseph McGuire, 1953: describes a "sono-gun"; the victims will wake up with headaches.
• In Randall Garret's 1954 story "The Hunting Lodge", the weapon has a "supersonic whistle" in its barrel and the protagonist describes stun shock. This is probably the Trope Codifier,
• Sonic stunners feature in Larry Niven's Known Space universe, from 1964 onwards. The stories include several references to "dueling stunners", and in one the stun sound is amplified through speakers to knock out everyone on a space station.
• And in Frank Herbert's Dune and sequels, from 1965 onwards
• And in Lois Bujold's Miles Vorkosigan stories, from 1986 onwards. Bujold's characters joke about "stunner tag" in a way that suggests it has become an almost ritualized substitute for more lethal confrontations. Stun shock is definite with these.
• In The League of Peoples Verse, sonic stunners are the standard weapon carried by Explorers, as lethal weapons are prohibited by the League. They are supposed to cause six hours of unconsciousness, but in practice their effects vary wildly from species to species.

Film

• Sonic stunners feature in George Lucas's Star Wars universe, from 1977 onwards.
  • In Star Wars a New Hope, Imperial stormtroopers set their blasters to "stun" and used them to knock out Princess Leia and capture her.
• Iron Man has Stane using a small device twice. It emits a high-pitched sound that paralyzes anyone not wearing special ear protection. He specifically states that it has many uses despite Tony refusing to sell it to the military.

Live Action TV

• Sonic stunners are standard-issue Alliance subdual weapons in Firefly. You can see them in action in "Ariel" (though they do nothing to blast open a locked door, to Jayne's dismay) and in "Trash".

Webcomics

• In Afterlife Blues, Liraz uses a Sonic Stunner to keep Brody from running.
• In Schlock Mercenary, the first time Sargent Schlock's plasma cannon was destroyed, Commander Kevin tried replacing it with one of these. He... wasn't very happy with that. The concept has made a couple of appearances since then, but they've mostly switched to using "goober guns" for situations where the enemy needs to be restrained without being killed.

Real Life

• In real life, the term "stun gun" is used for Taser-like electric-shock weapons. SF use of the term predates these by decades, and almost certainly influenced the marketing of these devices.
• Infrasound (sound waves below 20 Hz in frequency) genuinely produces some odd physiological effects. According to That Other Wiki, it may trigger feelings of awe or fear in humans, and it has been observed to cause difficulties in breathing and digestion in humans and animals.
• The Flashbang grenade, which as the name suggests, works by simultaneously creating a blinding flash and a deafening bang upon explosion to stun unprotected people within the area.
• The pistol shrimp utilizes a large asymmetrical claw as one of these. Snapped faster then a man can blink, the resulting cavitation produces a pressure wave measured in dozens of atmospheres, capable of killing small fish, and stunning larger ones. Its also handy for long distance communication.