Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant

Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant (NPP) in the city of Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province, China. It is located on the coast of the Yellow Sea approximately 30 kilometers east of Lianyungang proper. It is co-owned by Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation, a joint venture partially owned by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC),[1] and Atomstroyexport (ASE), the nuclear equipment exporter branch of the Russian nuclear corporation Rosatom.

Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant
田湾核电站
Unit one and two with the construction site of unit three and four
CountryChina
Coordinates34°41′13″N 119°27′35″E
StatusOperational
Construction began1999
Commission dateMay 17, 2006
Owner(s)Jiangsu Nuclear Power
Atomstroyexport
Nuclear power station
Reactor typePWR
Reactor supplierAtomstroyexport
Power generation
Units operational2 × 990 MW
2 × 1050 MW
Units planned2 × 1150 MW
Units under const.2 × 1000 MW
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant
Simplified Chinese田湾核电站
Traditional Chinese田灣核電站
Hanyu PinyinTiánwān Hédiànzhàn

The NPP consists of four reactor units each rated at 1,000 MW capacity and constructed by ASE, with two more units rated at 1,000 MW capacity undergoing construction by CNNC and another two units rated at 1,200 MW capacity approved for construction under ASE. If all the units are completed, Tianwan will become the world's largest nuclear power plant with a total generating capacity of about 8,100 MWe, surpassing both the active Kori NPP (7,411 MWe) and the inactive Kashiwazaki-Kariwa NPP (7,965 MWe).[2]

History

Units 1 and 2

Construction commenced on 20 October 1999 for the first unit, and on 20 October 2000 for the second reactor unit. The first reactor went critical on 20 December 2005. Construction of the second reactor finished in May 2007 and commercial operation began in August.[3] This is the first time the two countries have cooperated on a nuclear power project.

Units 3 and 4

On 23 November 2010, Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation signed a contract with ASE according to which ASE will supply 1060 MWe VVER-1000 reactors for units 3 and 4.[4][5] Construction of unit 3 was delayed by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, but finally began on 27 December 2012.[6] Construction of unit 4 would follow up about a year later, on 27 September 2013.[7] Unit 3 finished construction and went critical in late December 2017 and started commercial operation a few months later in early 2018,[8][9] while Unit 4 went critical in late September 2018 and finished construction a month later in October.[10] It started commercial operation in late December 2018.[10][11] Initially, units 3 and 4 are owned by ASE, but on 20 January 2020, ASE transferred control of unit 3 to Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation.[12]

Units 5 and 6

On 27 December 2015[13] and 7 September 2016,[14] CNNC started construction of Units 5 and 6 with their own 1,000 MW ACPR-1000 reactors.[15] Fuel loading for Tianwan unit 5 was completed on 13 July 2020[2], criticality was achieved on 30 July 2020,[16] and grid connection was established on 8 August 2020.[17]

Units 7 and 8

China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and ASE signed the detailed contract for the construction of two VVER-1200s (Tianwan 7 and 8) on 7 March 2019. Construction of Tianwan 7 will start in May 2021 and Tianwan 8 in March 2022. Commercial operation is expected in 2026 and 2027.[18]

Details

Both units use VVER pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology supplied from Russia. Together they cost approximately US$3.3 billion. The units are the Russian standard reactor type VVER-1000/392 (also carries the designation of VVER-1000/428) adapted specifically for China.

These VVER 1000 reactors are housed in a confinement shell capable of being hit by an aircraft weighing 20 tonnes and suffering no expected damage. Reactors also received additional protection from earthquakes. Other important safety features include an emergency core cooling system and core confinement system. Russia delivered initial fuel loads for the Tianwan reactors. China planned to begin indigenous fuel fabrication for the Tianwan plant in 2010, using technology transferred from Russian nuclear fuel producer TVEL.[19]

"The station has four levels of security. There's a double asbestos cluster, which blocks any kind of emissions. Also there's a revolutionary security improvement called the trap, which prevents any leakage of nuclear fuel in the event of a breakdown", Alexandr Selikhov, Head of Atomstroyexport's delegation to China

The Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant uses third party parts. While the reactor and turbo-generators are of Russian design, the control room was designed and built by an international consortium (including Siemens). In this way the plant was brought to meet the toughest recognised safety standards; safety systems were already mostly in place but the previous monitoring of these systems did not meet international safety standards. The new VVER 1000 plant built in China has 94% of its systems automated, meaning the plant can control itself under most situations. Refueling procedures require little human intervention. Five operators are still needed in the control room.

Built reactors are Third Generation, except Unit 5 and 6.

Reactors

The Tianwan nuclear power plant has four operating units, two more under construction, and two planned future reactors:

Unit[20] Reactor type Net
capacity		 Gross
capacity		 Construction
started		 Electricity
grid		 Commercial
operation		 Shutdown
Tianwan-1[21] VVER-1000/428 (AES-91) 990 MW 1,060 MW 20 October 1999 12 May 2006 17 May 2007 —
Tianwan-2[22] VVER-1000/428 (AES-91) 990 MW1,060 MW 20 October 2000 14 May 2007 16 August 2007 —
Tianwan-3[23] VVER-1000/428M (AES-91) 1,050 MW1,126 MW 27 December 2012 30 December 2017[8] 15 February 2018[9] —
Tianwan-4[7] VVER-1000/428M (AES-91) 1,050 MW1,126 MW 27 September 2013 27 October 2018 [10] 22 December 2018[11] —
Tianwan-5ACPR-1000[15] 1,000 MW1,080 MW 27 December 2015[13]| 8 August 2020 — —
Tianwan-6ACPR-1000[15] 1,000 MW1,080 MW 07 September 2016[14]— — —
Tianwan-7[24] VVER-1200 1,150 MW1,200 MW — — — —
Tianwan-8[24]VVER-1200 1,150 MW1,200 MW — — — —

See also

References
  1. "Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China". Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  2. "Fuel loading completed at fifth Tianwan unit : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  3. "The second power unit of TAES commissioned for commercial operation". AtomInfo.ru. August 18, 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  4. "ASE contracted to build Tianwan phase 2". World Nuclear News. 23 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  5. "EPC contract signed for Tianwan Phase II". World Nuclear News. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  6. "First concrete at Tianwan 3". World Nuclear News. 29 December 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  7. "Construction begins on Tianwan 4". World Nuclear News. 27 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  8. "Tianwan 3 starts supplying electricity to grid - World Nuclear News". world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  9. https://electricenergyonline.com/news.php?ID=718397
  10. "Fourth Tianwan unit connected to grid - World Nuclear News". world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  11. "Росатом Госкорпорация «Росатом» ядерные технологии атомная энергетика АЭС ядерная медицина". www.rosatom.ru. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  12. "Rosatom transfers Tianwan unit 3 to Chinese customer - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  13. "China launches Phase II of Fangchenggang and Tianwan projects - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  14. "Construction starts on sixth Tianwan unit - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  15. "China Nuclear Power | Chinese Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Associat…". archive.ph. 2016-09-07. Archived from the original on 2016-09-07. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  16. "Tianwan 5 achieves criticality : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  17. "Tianwan 5 achieves grid connection". World Nuclear News. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  18. "AtomStroyExport unveils schedule for China projects". World Nuclear News. 3 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  19. "Tianwan fuel fabrication moves to China". World Nuclear News. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  20. "China, People's Republic of". Power Reactor Information System (PRIS). International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Retrieved 2010-05-12. External link in |work= (help)
  21. "Tianwan 1". PRIS. IAEA. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  22. "Tianwan 2". PRIS. IAEA. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  23. "Tianwan 3". PRIS. IAEA. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  24. "Nuclear Power in China". Information Papers. World Nuclear Association (WNA). 24 September 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
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