Durga (raga)

Durga is a raga in Hindustani Classical music. It shares some features with Shuddha Saveri of Carnatic music (such as the note positions), but is significantly different from it in terms of the sancharas of the raga.

This article is about Durga (raga), for other uses, see Durga (disambiguation)
Durga
ThaatBilaval
TypeAudava
Time of dayNight, 9-12[1]
ArohanaSa Re Ma Pa Dha Sa
AvarohanaSa Dha Pa Ma Re Sa
PakadRe Ma Pa Dha, Ma Re
VadiMa
SamavadiSa
SimilarShuddha Saveri
Hindustani classical music
Concepts
Genres
Thaats

Unless mentioned otherwise, notes refer to the concept of notes in Indian classical music, called ‘swara’ in Hindustani. Durga raga evokes the sringara rasa - romantic love.[2]

Technical description
FeatureDetailNotes
Jati / NatureAudav-Audav5 Notes on both Aaroh and Avroh
ArohaSa Re Ma Pa Dha Saसा रे म प ध सा^
AvarohaSa Dha Ma, Pa Dha Ma, Re Dha. Saसा^ ध म, प ध म, रे ध_ सा Pancham should not be a resting note in Avroh[3]
PakadRe Ma Pa Dha, Ma Pa Dha, Ma Re, Sa Re Dha. Sa
VadiMa
SamvadiSa
Poorvang-UttarangPoorvangThe lower half of the saptak (octave) i.e. S R G M are present.
ThaatBilawal

Notes and Features
  1. All swaras used are suddha
  2. Gandhar and Nishad are not used.

Example Composition

R m P D ; P D m ; m P D D m ; D m P D S' ; D D S' S' D D m; m P D ; m R ,D S; Here m is Shuddha Madhyam, M is Tivra Madhyam but this is not used in Durga at all.

Samay (Time)

Second Prahar of night : 9:00 p.m. to midnight (nishitha)

Comparable to

Malhar

Durga has the same notes as Malhar, another popular raag and one of old pedigree. The aural experience of both are significantly different. Technically, they are made apart by the use of rishabh (Re). Durga is also readily distinguished by its salient use of the phrase Sa Re Dha Sa

1) Common phrase Re Pa, distinguished by the use of Re
Both Durga and Malhar have the Re Pa pairing (sangati), however, the Re Pa cohort in Malhar involves a repition of Re twice or thrice. More importantly the Re has a kaṇ of shuddha madhyam. (ma)

  • Malhar: Ma Re Re Re[ma] Pa
  • Durga: Ma Pa Dha Sa’ Re Dha Pa Dha Ma Re Pa.

Here, in Malhar, the transition between Re to Pa , the Re has a kaṇ of ma, and is not independently pronounced. The ma is shown stuck to Re in square brackets. Stylistically, the duplication of ‘Re’ is also noted.

2) Different phrases
Also present in the pakad of the raag, Sa Re ,Dha Sa is the quintessential phrase of Durga, which is not present in Malhar. (,dha denotes dhaivat (dha) of the lower octave i.e. mandra saptak) [4]

Jaldhar Kedar

Jaldhar Kedar is a variant of, the major raag Kedar , and a part of the raagang of its namesake.


Film Songs

Bollywood Songs
  1. Sawan ka Mahina-Milan(1967)

Language:Tamil
Song Movie Composer Singer
Brindavanamum Nandakumaranum Missiamma S. Rajeswara Rao A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Vaadikkai Maranthathum Kalyana Parisu A. M. Rajah A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Thendralil Aadidum Madhuraiyai Meetta Sundharapandiyan M.S.Viswanathan K.J. Yesudas, Vani Jairam
Radha Radha Nee Engey Meendum Kokila Illayaraja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Kovilmani Osai Kizhakke Pogum Rail Illayaraja Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Kadhal Mayakam Pudhumai Penn Illayaraja P. Jayachandran,Sunandha
Maanada Kodi Muthal Vasantham Illayaraja S. Janaki
Rettai Killigal Ore Oru Gramathiley Illayaraja K.J. Yesudas, K.S. Chitra
Malargalil Adum ilamai Kalyanaraman Illayaraja S. P. Sailaja
Asai Kiliyey Naan Solli Theertha Karaiyinile Illayaraja Mano
Sithakathi pookale Rajakumaran Illayaraja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Nattu Vacha Roja Aranmanai Kili Illayaraja P. Susheela
Manamagale Manamagale Thevar Magan Illayaraja Minmini, Swarnalatha,Sindhuja
Sandiyare Sandiyare Virumaandi Illayaraja Shreya Ghoshal
Unakagave Naan Uyir Vazhigiren Rasigan Oru Rasigai Raveendran S. Janaki
En uyir Thozhiye Kangalal Kaidhu Sei A. R. Rahman Unni Menon, Chinmayi
Sollitharavaa Sollitharavaa Majaa Vidyasagar Madhu Balakrishnan, Sadhana Sargam
Athikaalaiyil Sevalai Nee Varuvai Ena S. A. Rajkumar P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha
Garuda Garuda Natpukkaga Deva Krishnaraj, Sujatha
Semeena Vinmeena Anantha Poongatre Deva Hariharan

References
  1. Bor, Joep; Rao, Suvarnalata (1999). The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas. Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. p. 66. ISBN 9780954397609.
  2. Yagnik, Hasu (2013). Shastriya Raag Darshan. Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay. ISBN 978-81-8480-826-1.
  3. http://www.tanarang.com/english/durga_eng.htm
  4. Jha, Ramashreya; P Parrikar, Rajan. "Interview with R. Jha conducted by S.L. Kandara, All India Radio, Allahabad, date of broadcast unknown". https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/malhars/. Retrieved 10 August 2020. External link in |website= (help)
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