Zapad 1999 exercise
Zapad-99 exercise (Russian: Запад-99, lit. 'West-99') was a large scale military exercise conducted in June 1999 and its results forced Russia to adapt a new defense concept (Russia's National Security Concept, 2000). The exercise showed that conventional Russian armed forces could not repel a NATO offensive, this in turn increased the tolerance for use of tactical nuclear weapons.
Apart from nuclear controversy, Zapad-99 also sparked international tensions when US fighters intercepted Russian bombers allegedly in violation of Icelandic and Norwegian airspace.
See also
- Vostok 2018
- Zapad 2017
References
Further reading
External links
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