William Orton Williams

William Orton Williams, (July 7, 1839 – July 9, 1863) called Orton Williams until he changed his name to Lawrence Williams Orton, was a Confederate officer who, after having been caught behind Union lines in a U.S. Army uniform, was executed as a spy.

William Orton Williams
Second Lieutenant Williams, US Army 1861
Other name(s)Lawrence Williams Orton
Nickname(s)Bunny
Born(1839-07-07)July 7, 1839
Buffalo, New York
DiedJuly 9, 1863(1863-07-09) (aged 24)
Franklin, Tennessee
Buried
Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
Allegiance United States of America
Confederate States
Service/branch United States Army
 Confederate Army
Years of service1861 (USA),
1861–1863 (CSA)
Rank First Lieutenant (USA)
Colonel (CSA)
Battles/warsAmerican Civil War

Early life

Orton Williams was the son of Captain William G. Williams, an officer in the Corps of Topographical Engineers, and America Pinckney Peters Williams. Captain Williams died of wounds after the Battle of Monterey 1846 and as his wife having predeceased him, young Orton was raised by his sister Martha Custis Williams.[1][2][3] A cousin of Mary Lee, the wife of Robert E. Lee he spent many days of his youth at Arlington House; playing as a child, and waiting upon Agnes Lee, Robert E. Lee's third daughter, as a young man.[4]

U.S. Army

In 1859, Williams served as a civilian employee of the Corps of Engineers, for the survey of Minnesota. He was later appointed aid in the Coast Survey.[5] In 1861 Williams was, on Robert E. Lee's recommendation, commissioned second lieutenant in Second United States Cavalry, Lee's regiment, direct from civil life. Promoted to first lieutenant the same year, Lieutenant Williams served as aide-de-camp to General Winfield Scott in Washington. After the outbreak of the Civil War he tendered his resignation from the U.S. Army; Scott offered him an instructorship at West Point that would have let him remain in the army, but not having to fight his family and friends. When Williams insisted on leaving the army, he was arrested on suspicion of having passed classified information to the Confederates, but was released after a few weeks. His brother Lawrence, who was a captain in the Tenth U.S. Infantry, remained in the U.S. Army.[6][7][8][9]

Confederate Army

After joining the Confederate army, Williams was transferred to the West and served as an aide to General Leonidas Polk, fighting at the Battle of Shiloh. William's popularity declined when he killed an insubordinate private soldier and he was transferred to the artillery under the command of Braxton Bragg. There he changed his name to Lawrence Williams Orton, as he said because his brother remained in the Union army, but perhaps to wipe out the stains of the ugly killing. On leave in Virginia, at Christmas 1862, Williams proposed to Agnes Lee, but was rejected. Shortly thereafter he married another woman, possibly a Mrs. Lamb, who according to rumors already was married.[10][11][12][13][14]

Death
Colonel Orton (seated) and Lieutenant Peters (standing).
Hanging of Colonel Orton and Lieutenant Peters 1863.

On July 8, 1863 Colonel Orton and his cousin, Lieutenant Walter G. Peters were arrested by the US Army. They were behind Union lines in Franklin, Tennessee, and were dressed as officers in the Union Army, traveled under false names, and carried falsified papers claiming that they were inspectors of the U.S. Army. Under questioning, the two gave their real names to the federal commandant, Colonel John P. Baird, of the 85th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Baird was instructed by General William Rosecrans to have them immediately tried by court-martial. A court was convened at short notice, sat during the night, and at three o'clock in the morning of June 9, found the accused guilty of being spies. Rosecrans rejected pleads of clemency and ordered their immediate execution, which was carried out by hanging about six hours after the verdict.[15][16] The nature of Orton's mission is unclear. Orton claimed that both officers were under their way to Canada and Europe, purportedly in some secret mission for the Confederacy. The execution of Orton dismayed Robert E. Lee; although he conceded that the officers were technically in violation of the laws of war, he believed that clemency should have been shown.[17][18] Agnes Lee was deeply taken by the death of Orton; it was a trauma from which she never recovered, and it came only year after the death of her beloved sister Annie.[19]

References

Notes
  1. Cullum 1879, vol. 1, p. 262.
  2. Heitman 1903, p. 1043.
  3. de Butts 1984, p. 12, note 26; p. 34, note 52.
  4. Couling 1987, pp. 37, 66, 68.
  5. Report of the Coast Survey 1860, pp. 102, 184.
  6. Heitman 1903, pp. 1041, 1043.
  7. Flood 1998, p. 73.
  8. Perry 2010, pp. 125–126.
  9. Savage 2016, p. 181.
  10. Couling 1987, pp. 114–115.
  11. Flood 1998, pp. 73–74.
  12. Jones 2001, p. 184.
  13. Beymer 2003, p. 49
  14. Barefoot 2005, p. 95.
  15. Beymer 2003, pp. 28–54.
  16. Barefoot 2005, pp. 94–98.
  17. Flood 1998, p. 76.
  18. Barefoot 2005, p. 97.
  19. Couling 1987, pp. 126, 168.

Sources
  • Barefoot, Daniel (2005). Let Us Die Like Brave Men. Winston-Salem: John F. Blair.
  • Beymer, William Gilmore (2003). Scouts and Spies of the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Couling, Mary P. (1987). The Lee Girls. Winston-Salem: John F. Blair.
  • Cullum, George W. (1879). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York, since its establishment in 1802. West Point, NY: United States Military Academy Library.
  • de Butts, Mary Custis Lee (1984). Growing up in the 1850s. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Flood, Charles Bracelen (1998). Lee: The Last Years. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical Register and Dictionary of the Officers United States Army. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
  • Jones, Terry L. (2001). Campbell Brown's Civil War. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
  • Perry, John (2010). Lee: A Life of Virtue. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
  • Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey for the year 1860. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1861. [Cited as Report of the Coast Survey 1860.]
  • Savage, Douglas (2016). The Last Years of Robert E. Lee. Lanham: Taylor Trade Publishing.
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