Wagner model

Wagner model is a rheological model developed for the prediction of the viscoelastic properties of polymers. It might be considered as a simplified practical form of the Bernstein-Kearsley-Zapas model. The model was developed by German rheologist Manfred Wagner.

For the isothermal conditions the model can be written as:

where:

  • is the Cauchy stress tensor as function of time t,
  • p is the pressure
  • is the unity tensor
  • M is the memory function showing, usually expressed as a sum of exponential terms for each mode of relaxation:
, where for each mode of the relaxation, is the relaxation modulus and is the relaxation time;
  • is the strain damping function that depends upon the first and second invariants of Finger tensor .

The strain damping function is usually written as:

,

The strain hardening function equal to one, then the deformation is small and approaching zero, then the deformations are large.

The Wagner equation can be used in the non-isothermal cases by applying time-temperature shift factor.

References

  • M.H. Wagner Rheologica Acta, v.15, 136 (1976)
  • M.H. Wagner Rheologica Acta, v.16, 43, (1977)
  • B. Fan, D. Kazmer, W. Bushko, Polymer Engineering and Science, v44, N4 (2004)
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