Vladimir Borovikovsky

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky (Russian: Влади́мир Луки́ч Боровико́вский, Ukrainian: Володи́мир Лýкич Боровикóвський, Volodýmyr Lúkyč Borovykóvs’kyj) July 24 O.S. (August 4, N.S.) 1757 – April 6 O.S. (April 18, N.S.) 1825) was a Russian Imperial painter of Ukrainian origin[2], who dominated portraiture in the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th century.

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky
Portrait of Vladimir Borovikovsky by Bugaevsky-Blagodatny
BornAugust 4, N.S., 1757
Mirgorod, Cossack Hetmanate, Russian Empire
DiedApril 18, N.S., 1825
St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
EducationMember Academy of Arts (1795)[1]
Alma materImperial Academy of Arts[1]
Known forPainter
MovementOrientalist

Biography

Vladimir Borovikovsky was born in Mirgorod[3][4], Cossack Hetmanate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) on July 24, 1757 in a family with Ukrainian Cossack background[5]. His father, Luka Borovik, was an icon-painter.[6] According to the family tradition, all four of Borovik's sons served as Cossacks in Mirgorod regiment, but Vladimir retired early at the rank of poruchik and devoted his life to art — mostly icon painting for local churches.

Borovikovsky lived in Mirgorod until 1788, where he painted icons and portraits in the Cossack Baroque tradition.[7] His friend Vasily Kapnist was preparing an accommodation for Empress Catherine II in Kremenchuk during her travel to newly conquered Crimea. Kapnist asked Borovikovsky to paint two allegoric paintings (Peter I of Russia and Catherine II as peasants sowing seeds and Catherine II as a Minerva) for her rooms. The paintings so pleased the Empress that she requested that the painter move to Saint Petersburg.

After September 1788 Borovikovsky lived in Saint Petersburg where he changed his surname from the Cossack Borovyk to the more aristocratic-sounding Borovikovsky. For his first ten years in Saint Petersburg, he lived in the house of the poet, architect, musician and art theorist, Prince Nikolay Lvov, whose ideas strongly influenced Borovikovsky's art. At the age of 30 years, he was too old to attend Imperial Academy of Arts, so he took private lessons from Dmitry Levitzky and later from Austrian painter Johann Baptist Lampi.

In 1795 he was appointed an academician. He became a popular portrait painter and created about 500 portraits during his lifetime, 400 of which survived to the 21st century. He had his own studio, and often relied on assistants to paint the less important parts of a portrait. His sitters included members of the imperial family, courtiers, generals, many aristocrats, and figures from the Russian artistic and literary worlds. Most of his portraits are intimate in style.

The most notable are:

  • Portrait of Catherine II, Empress of Russia (1794)
  • Portrait of E. N. Arsenyeva (1796)
  • Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina (1797)
  • Portrait of F. A. Borovsky (1799)
  • Portrait of Paul I, Emperor of Russia (1800)
  • Portrait of Prince A. B. Kurakin (1801–1802)
  • Portrait of Princess A. G. Gagarina and Princess V. G. Gagarina (1802).
  • Portrait of Serbian Prince Karadjordje' 1816

Borovikovsky never taught in the Imperial Academy of Art but pupils lived in his home. Among them were Alexey Venetsianov and Bugaevsky-Blagodarny (who painted the only survived portrait of Vladimir Borovikovsky).

After 1819 Borovikovsky became a Freemason, member of a lodge Dying Sphinx. At that time he mostly painted icons, including Iconostasis of the Smolensky Cemetery church and some icons for Kazan Cathedral in Saint-Petersburg.

On April 6, 1825 he died suddenly of a heart attack and was interned in the Lazarevskoe Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in Saint Petersburg.

Works

Literature
  • С. Н. Кондаков (1915). Юбилейный справочник Императорской Академии художеств. 1764-1914 (in Russian). 2. pp. 21–22.

See also

References
  1. Directory of the Imperial Academy of Arts 1915, p. 22.
  2. Sarabianov, Andrei D. "Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  3. Three centuries of Russian painting. Kitezh Art Publishers, 1994. P. 404.
  4. Peter Leek (2012), "Borovikovsky"+"mirgorod"&source=bl&ots=sB7WvvOqBJ&sig=ACfU3U2zMkAKm8yOPiOsBSPrtAA6OFtpag&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiR1dTQ7pPkAhXwkosKHdb1CNQQ6AEwEXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q="Borovikovsky"%20"mirgorod"&f=false Russian Painting, Parkstone Press, p. 49
  5. Sarabianov, Andrei D. "Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  6. The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow: Russian and Soviet Painting. Aurora Art Publishers. 1986.
  7. Leek, Peter (2012). Russian Painting. Parkstone International. p. 49. ISBN 9781780429755.
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