Trogulidae

Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen with 5 genera and 57 extant species and one fossil species.

Trogulidae
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Arachnida
Order:
Opiliones
Suborder:
Dyspnoi
Superfamily:
Troguloidea
Family:
Trogulidae

Sundevall, 1833
Genera
  • Anarthrotarsus
  • Anelasmocephalus
  • Calathocratus
  • Konfiniotis
  • Trogulus
Diversity
5 genera, 57 species
Approximate natural range of Trogulidae

Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. The body is in most genera somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood, which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.[1]

Distribution

Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus, a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.[1]

Name

The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.[1]

Species[2][3]
  • Anarthrotarsus Silhavý, 1967
  • Anarthrotarsus martensi Silhavý, 1967
  • Anelasmocephalus Simon, 1879
  • Anelasmocephalus balearicus Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Baleares)
  • Anelasmocephalus brignolii Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sardinia)
  • Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Sicily)
  • Anelasmocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874) (Europe)
  • Anelasmocephalus crassipes (H. Lucas, 1847) (Algeria)
  • Anelasmocephalus hadzii Martens, 1978 (Austria)
  • Anelasmocephalus lycosinus (Sørensen, 1873) (Italy)
  • Anelasmocephalus osellai Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)
  • Anelasmocephalus pusillus Simon, 1879 (Corsica, Sardinia)
  • Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus Martens, 1978 (Spain)
  • Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis Simon, 1879 (France)
  • Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis Martens & Chemini, 1988 (France)
  • Anelasmocephalus tuscus Martens & Chemini, 1988 (Italy)
  • Calathocratus Simon, 1879
  • Calathocratus africanus (H. Lucas, 1847) (southern Europe, Algeria)
  • Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968
  • Calathocratus caucasicus (Šilhavý, 1966)
  • Calathocratus hirsutus Snegovaya, 2011
  • Calathocratus intermedius Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
  • Calathocratus kyrghyzicus (Chemeris, 2013)
  • Calathocratus minutus Snegovaya, 2011
  • Calathocratus rhodiensis (Gruber, 1963)
  • Calathocratus singularis (Roewer, 1940)
  • Calathocratus sinuosus (Sørensen, 1873)
  • Konfiniotis Roewer, 1940
  • Konfiniotis creticus Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
  • Trogulus aquaticus Simon, 1879
  • Trogulus balearicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
  • Trogulus banaticus Avram, 1971
  • Trogulus cisalpinus Chemini & Martens, 1988 (Italy)
  • Trogulus closanicus Avram, 1971
  • Trogulus coriziformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L. Koch 1839 (southern Europe, Algeria)
  • Trogulus cristatus Simon, 1879
  • Trogulus falcipenis Komposch, 1999 (Austria)
  • Trogulus graecus Dahl, 1903 (Greece)
  • Trogulus gypseus Simon, 1879 (Israel, Egypt)
  • † Trogulus longipes Haupt, 1956 (fossil: Eocene)
  • Trogulus hirtus Dahl, 1903 (Hercegovina)
  • Trogulus huberi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
  • Trogulus karamanorum Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
  • Trogulus lusitanicus Giltay, 1932 (Portugal)
  • Trogulus martensi Chemini, 1983 (Italy)
  • Trogulus megaligrava Schönhofer et al., 2013
  • Trogulus melitensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
  • Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763) (southern Europe)
  • Trogulus oltenicus Avram, 1971
  • Trogulus ozimeci Schönhofer et al., 2013
  • Trogulus pharensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
  • Trogulus prietoi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
  • Trogulus pyrenaicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008
  • Trogulus rossicus Šilhavý, 1968
  • Trogulus setosissimus Roewer, 1940 (Crete)
  • Trogulus squamatus C. L. Koch, in Hahn & C .L .Koch 1839 (Dalmatia)
  • Trogulus tenuitarsus Schönhofer et al., 2013
  • Trogulus thaleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2009
  • Trogulus tingiformis C.L. Koch, in Hahn & C. L. Koch 1839
  • Trogulus torosus Simon, 1885 (Dalmatia)
  • Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (central Europe)
  • Trogulus uncinatus Gruber, 1973

Footnotes
  1. Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Trogulidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 157ff
  2. "(PDF) A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  3. Chemeris, A.N. (2013) Two new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum. Arthropoda Selecta

References
  • Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Trogulidae
  • Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9


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