Treaty of Rome (1924)

The Treaty of Rome of 27 January 1924 was an agreement by which Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes agreed that Fiume would be annexed to Italy as the Province of Fiume, while the town of Sušak was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. According to the treaty, Fiume and Sušak would share joint administration of the port facilities. Today these two towns are part of Rijeka in Croatia.

Treaty of Rome
Typebitiateral treaty
Signed27 January 1924 (1924-01-27)
LocationRome, Italy
Original
signatories		Italy
Yugoslavia

Background
Fiume County (orange) plus the strip of land shown in yellow together became the Free State of Fiume with the Treaty of Rapallo.

Following a period of Fiume existing under Gabriele D'Annunzio's Italian Regency of Carnaro, the Treaty of Rapallo from 1920 had created the independent Free State of Fiume. The Free State of Fiume was immediately recognized by other nation states, including the United States of America, France, and the United Kingdom. The state survived only one year de facto and four years de jure. The joint administration of the port was never created. On 24 April 1921 the first general elections for parliament elected President Riccardo Zanella, leader of the Autonomist Fiuman Movement. On 3 March 1922 a movement directed by fascist deputy Francesco Giunta forced Zanella to resign. On 17 September 1923 Gaetano Giardino, an Italian General, was sent by Benito Mussolini with the task of reinstating public order. In the meantime, negotiations started between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to dissolve the Free State of Fiume.

Impact

All parties ratified the agreement in Rome on 22 February 1924 and it became effective the same day. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on 7 April 1924.[1]

With the Treaty of Rome, parts of the Treaty of Rapallo were revoked. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes asserted her sovereignty over the delta of the Rječina River, including the seaport of Sušak (Porto Barros) and the northern part of Fiume County. Italy was given the city of Fiume and some surrounding land, as well as a coastal corridor which connected it to the Italian mainland. The exact definition of the borders were the object of a joint commission, whose results were agreed upon on 20 July 1925 in the Treaty of Nettuno.[2]

Notes
  1. League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 24, pp. 32–89.
  2. Accordi di Nettuno, Italia – Regno serbo-croato-sloveno, 20 luglio 1925
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