Transmembrane protein 134

Transmembrane protein 134 is a protein encoded by the TMEM134 gene. TMEM134 does not have any other known aliases. There are two transmembrane domains and a domain of unknown function (DUF872).[4] Evolutionary, the majority of the organisms that have this gene are primates and mammals, although there are some organisms dating back to Drosphila and C. elegans. Through current research, there has not been any confirmed function of TMEM134.

TMEM134
Identifiers
AliasesTMEM134, 2410001H17Rik, AI463452, transmembrane protein 134
External IDsMGI: 1914240 HomoloGene: 11837 GeneCards: TMEM134
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 11 (human)[1]
Band11q13.2Start67,461,710 bp[1]
End67,469,272 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

80194

66990

Ensembl

ENSG00000172663

n/a

UniProt

Q9H6X4

Q8R0J4

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001078650
NM_001078651
NM_025124

NM_001078649
NM_025889

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001072118
NP_001072119
NP_079400

NP_001072117
NP_080165

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 67.46 – 67.47 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2][3]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Gene Structure

The gene is composed of 6 exons spanning from 67464348 to 67469277 kilo bases. It is located on chromosome 11q13.2, which is the minus strand of the chromosome. The gene does have three isoforms; a, b, and c.

Protein

Protein Structure

The protein is encoded by TMEM134 gene and is 195 amino acids in length. The protein contains two transmembrane domains but does not contain a signal peptide. This suggests that there is an internal signal peptide upstream of the translated portion of the protein. The protein is overall considering normal with its amino acid content but does have two regions of high hydrophobicity, which occur during the transmembrane regions of the protein. This gives the protein an isoelectric point of 6.08. The overall weight of the protein is 21.6 kilodaltons, which is conserved throughout the different orthologs. The protein also contains a domain of unknown function 872 (DUF872). Currently there is no thought to the possible function of this domain.

This is a protein construct of TMEM134 containing the two transmembrane domains and DUF872.

Regulation and Translation

TMEM134 is regulated by the promoter GXP50275.[5] There are 870 amino acids in the promoter and 15 transcripts variants of it. The promoter is well conserved in mammals. There are some conserved binding regions in the promoter including EGR/nerve factor and Huntington's disease gene regulatory region.

Location

The final protein is thought to be in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane.[6] The protein is anchored in two different regions, from 123-145 and 155-177. The portion of the protein that extends into the cytosol is heavily phosphorylated. These phosphorylation sites are conserved into bony fishes.

Post-Translational Modification

The only post-translational modification that occurs is phosphorylation. There is no glycosylation, sulfination, or sumoylation sites.

Interactions

TMEM134 has one interaction with another protein, ELAVL1. This protein binds to AU rich elements in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs.[7]

Expression

Microarray analysis of GEO profiles were conducted and TMEM134 is shown to be ubiquitously expressed in the majority of human tissues.[8] Even though there is ubiquitous expression in the human tissues, there are other tissues that have higher expression levels, such as the heart, breast tissue, and prostate tissue.

Homology

As discussed earlier, there is quite a bit of conservation in primates and mammals but there are some distant orthologs of zebrafish and Drosphila, and a homolog of C. elegans.

Genus and SpeciesCommon NameLengthAccessionPercent Identity[9]
Homo sapiensHuman195 aaNP_079400100%
Papio anubisOlive baboon195 aaXP_003905916.197%
Sus scrofaWild boar246 aaXP_00348071095%
Orincus ocraOrca195 aaXP_00427806494%
Equua callabusHorse208 aaXP_00559852592%
Ceratotherium simum simumWhite rhinocerus186 aaXP_00443776689%
Bos taurusCow229 aaXP_00522709778%
Drosphilia melangostarFruit fly170 aaNP_00126129632%
Caenorhabditis elegansWorm168 aaNP_00102140126%

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172663 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. Genecards https://www.genecards.org/
  5. El Dorado http://www.genomatix.de/cgi-bin/eldorado/main.pl
  6. ExPasy http://www.expasy.org/
  7. Genecards https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ELAVL1
  8. NCBI GEO Profiles https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geoprofiles/?term=tmem134
  9. NCBI BLAST http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
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