Syriac Orthodox Bishop of Jerusalem

In the Syriac Orthodox Church, the bishop of Jerusalem today bears the additional title of Patriarchal Vicar of the Holy Land and Jordan.[1] There was also a deputy metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem from the mid-18th century to its abolition in 1858 who resided at the Monastery of Saint Ananias and was responsible for the collection of donations for the diocese.[2]

Church

The first Jacobite church in Jerusalem was probably built between the Sasanian conquest (614) and the Islamic conquest (637). The Patriarch Michael the Syrian (died 1199) implies that the church torn down by Harun al-Rashid in 806/807 predated the Islamic conquest. It was soon rebuilt by an Egyptian named Macarius of Naburwah. Since almost all of the known bishops were monks, there must also have been at least a rudimentary monastic community.[3]

The church appears to have been destroyed at the time of the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In 1092, Mansur of Tilbana, another Egyptian, built what was then the only Syriac Orthodox church in the city. In the first quarter of the 12th century, Bishop Ignatius II rebuilt the destroyed church and monastery. It was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene and later also to Simon the Pharisee. Shortly after 1125, Ignatius III constructed a hostel with a courtyard across from the church.[3]

After the Ayyyubid conquest in 1187, the church and monastery were transformed into a Muslim school. The bishops were only able again to occupy it again briefly when the city was in Christian hands between the Sixth Crusade (1229) and the Khwarazmian conquest (1244). Thereafter the Syriac Orthodox used the small church of Saint Thomas of the Germans until it was handed over to the Muslim authorities by the incumbent monk, who converted to Islam in 1451/1452.[3]

The Syriac Orthodox patriarch acquired the Monastery of Saint Mark from the Coptic Orthodox in 1472 and this has served ever since as the church of the bishops of Jerusalem.[3][4]

List of bishops

The Syriac Orthodox Register of Episcopal Ordinations only goes back to 793. Michael the Syrian appended to his Chronicle a list of bishops of Jerusalem from James, brother of Jesus, down to his own time. It is identical to the Register for the bishops after 793. The bishops were of metropolitan rank.[5]

In the following list, a date range like 792×818 means "ordained between 792 and 818". Bishops before 793 cannot be dated at all. The list begins with the first bishop elected in opposition to the Council of Chalcedon (451), but the numbering takes into account the earlier bishops of Jerusalem.[6]

  • Theodosius (451–453)
  • Severus (590–635)
  • Anastasius
  • Martyrius
  • Sallustianus
  • Elias
  • Cyril II
  • Jeremy I
  • Thomas I
  • John I
  • Philoxenus I
  • Timothy I (792×818)
  • Job (816×845)
  • Ignatius I (816×846)
  • Joseph III (816×846)
  • John II (845×875)
  • Cyril III Noah (845×875)
  • Cyriacus
  • Severus (877×884)
  • Joseph IV (909×924)
  • Theodore (909×924)
  • Cyril IV (922×936)
  • Jeremy II (935×954)
  • Thomas II (964×986)
  • John III (1006×1031)
  • Philoxenus II (1003×1031)
  • Zacharias (1041×1058)
  • Thomas III (1041×1058)
  • Timothy II (1062×1074)
  • John IV (1079×1083)
  • Cyril V (1090×1130)
  • David (1090×1130)
  • Ignatius II Hesnun (1090×1130, died 1124/1125)
  • Ignatius III ibn Busayr of Gadina (1123×1140)
  • Ignatius IV Romanus (1138×1167)[nb 1]
  • Athanasius (1167×1200)
  • Ignatius V Sahdo (1167×1200)[nb 2]
  • Basil (fl. 1292–1295)[9]

...

  • Gregorius Joseph al-Gurji (c. 1510/1512–1537)[nb 3][10]
  • Gregorius Bahnam (c. 1530)
  • John of Mardin (d. 1577)[11]
  • Gregorius, called John of Gargar (d. 1585×1587)[nb 4]
  • Gregorius Behnam of Arbo (1590–1614)[9][13]
  • Gregorius Abdal Jaleel (1664–1681)
  • Gregorius Simon of Tur Abdin (1693–1719)[14]
  • Gregorius Thomas (1737–1748)[15]
  • Athanasius Jacob (1785–1797)[16]
  • Cyril ‘Abd al-Ahad (1799–1840)[16]
  • Gregorius Abded Sattuf (1872–1880)[17]
  • George Kassab of Sadad (d. 1896)[18]
  • Iyawannis Elias (1896–1908)[19]
  • Athanasius Yeshue Samuel (1946–1957)
  • Dionysius Behnan Jijjawi (1957–1996)
  • Sewerus Malki Mourad (1996–2018)
  • Gabriel Dahho (2019–)

References

Notes

  1. Barsoum places Ignatius IV Romanus' reign in 1139–1183.[7]
  2. Barsoum places Ignatius V Sahdo's reign from 1193 to his death in the first decade of the 13th century.[8]
  3. Gregorius Joseph al-Gurji was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem, Homs, Damascus, Tripoli, and Mardin for a time.[10]
  4. John of Gargar was metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem and Tripoli.[12]

Citations

  1. Kiraz & Van Rompay (2011).
  2. Barsoum (2008), p. 41.
  3. Palmer (1991), pp. 26–31.
  4. Barsoum (2003), p. 566.
  5. Palmer (1991), p. 27.
  6. List drawn from Chabot 1905, p. 493 and Palmer 1991, pp. 36–37.
  7. Barsoum (2003), p. 442.
  8. Barsoum (2003), p. 449.
  9. Barsoum (2008), p. 58.
  10. Barsoum (2003), pp. 511–512.
  11. Barsoum (2003), p. 80.
  12. Barsoum (2003), p. 156.
  13. Barsoum (2003), p. 21.
  14. Barsoum (2008), p. 77.
  15. Ignatius Jacob III (2008), p. 216.
  16. Barsoum (2008), p. 59.
  17. Kiraz (2011).
  18. Barsoum (2003), p. 22.
  19. Barsoum (2008), p. 42.

Bibliography
  • Barsoum, Ephrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  • Barsoum, Ephrem (2008). History of the Za‘faran Monastery. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press.
  • Chabot, Jean-Baptiste, ed. (1905). Chronique de Michel le Syrien. Vol. III. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
  • Ignatius Jacob III (2008). History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press.
  • Kiraz, George A. (2011). "ʿAbdullāh II Saṭṭūf". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Gorgias Press, electronic edition by Beth Mardutho. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  • Kiraz, George A.; Van Rompay, Lucas (2011). "Jerusalem". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Gorgias Press, electronic edition by Beth Mardutho. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  • Palmer, Andrew (1991). "The History of the Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem". Oriens Christianus. 75: 16–43.
  • Palmer, Andrew (1992). "The History of the Syrian Orthodox in Jerusalem, Part  II: Queen Melisende and the Jacobite Estates". Oriens Christianus. 76: 74–94.
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