Sodium monothiophosphate

Sodium monothiophosphate
Names
	IUPAC name Sodium monothiophosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	10101-88-9 anhydrous ; 51674-18-1 (nonahydrate); 51674-17-0 (dodecahydrate);
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.224
EC Number	233-26-1;
PubChem CID	6913045;
UNII	AN1017219I ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30889527 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3Na.H3O3PS/c;;;1-4(2,3)5/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,5);
	SMILES OP(=S)(O)O.[Na].[Na].[Na];
Properties
Chemical formula	Na3PO3S
Molar mass	180.030 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Density	1.58 g/cm3 (dodecahydrate), 2.40 g/cm3 for anhydrous
Melting point	120 to 125 °C (248 to 257 °F; 393 to 398 K) (decomposition)
Solubility in water	soluble
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Sodium monothiophosphate, or sodium phosphorothioate, is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Na₃PO₃S(H₂O)_x. All are white solids. The anhydrous material (x = 0) decomposes without melting at 120-125 °C. More common is the dodecahydrate. A nonahydrate is also known.

Related salts are the dithiophosphate Na₃PS₂O₂^.11H₂O, trithiophosphate Na₃PS₃O^.11H₂O, and tetrathiophosphate Na₃PS₄^.8H₂O.[1]

Preparation

Sodium monothiophosphate is prepared by the base hydrolysis of thiophosphoryl chloride using aqueous sodium hydroxide:[2][3]

PSCl₃ + 6 NaOH + 9 H₂O → Na₃PO₃S^.(H₂O)₁₂ + 3 NaCl

This reaction affords the dodecahydrate, which is easily dehydrated.

Partial dehydration over 6.5 M H₂SO₄ gives the nonahydrate. Under flowing N2, the anhydrous salt is formed.[4]

Sodium phosphorothiolate decomposes at neutral pH. Silicone grease catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphorothioate ion, so it is recommended that it is not used in the glass joints.[5]

In the anhydrous material, the P-S bond is 211 pm and the three equivalent P-O bonds are short at 151 pm. These disparate values suggest that the P-S bond is single.[6]

References

Elias, D. P. (1957). "Crystallographic Data on Some Sodium Phosphorothioates". Acta Crystallographica. 10: 600. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57002108.
Stanley K. Yasuda, Jack L. Lambert (1957). "Sodium Monothiophosphate". Inorganic Syntheses. 5: 102–104. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch28.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
L. C. Washburn, R. L. Hayes (1977). "Importance of Excess Base in the Synthesis of Sodium Monothiophosphate: (Sodium Phosphorothioate)". Inorganic Syntheses. 17: 193–4. doi:10.1002/9780470132487.ch53.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
Palazzi, Marcel (1973). "Trisodium monothiophosphate. Radiocrystallographic study". Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France. 12: 3246–8.
Lucian C. Pop and M. Saito (2015). "Serendipitous Reactions Involving a Silicone Grease". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.005.
Pompetzki, M.; Jansen, M. (2002). "Natriummonothiophosphat(V): Kristallstruktur und Natriumionenleitfähigkeit" [Sodium monothiophosphate(V). Crystal structure and sodium ionic conductivity]. Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 628: 641–646. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200203)628:3<641::AID-ZAAC641>3.0.CO;2-8.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

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[1] Elias, D. P. (1957). "Crystallographic Data on Some Sodium Phosphorothioates". Acta Crystallographica. 10: 600. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57002108.

[2] Stanley K. Yasuda, Jack L. Lambert (1957). "Sodium Monothiophosphate". Inorganic Syntheses. 5: 102–104. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch28.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[3] L. C. Washburn, R. L. Hayes (1977). "Importance of Excess Base in the Synthesis of Sodium Monothiophosphate: (Sodium Phosphorothioate)". Inorganic Syntheses. 17: 193–4. doi:10.1002/9780470132487.ch53.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[4] Palazzi, Marcel (1973). "Trisodium monothiophosphate. Radiocrystallographic study". Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France. 12: 3246–8.

[5] Lucian C. Pop and M. Saito (2015). "Serendipitous Reactions Involving a Silicone Grease". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.005.

[6] Pompetzki, M.; Jansen, M. (2002). "Natriummonothiophosphat(V): Kristallstruktur und Natriumionenleitfähigkeit" [Sodium monothiophosphate(V). Crystal structure and sodium ionic conductivity]. Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 628: 641–646. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200203)628:3<641::AID-ZAAC641>3.0.CO;2-8.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)