Sara Casal de Quirós

Sara Casal de Quirós (6 September 1879-17 November 1953) was a Costa Rican teacher, writer and community worker. She was a pioneer of the women's rights movement in Costa Rica and wrote the first book defending women's rights in the country.

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Casal and the second or maternal family name is Conejo.
Sara Casal de Quirós
Casal in 1922
Born
Sara Rosa Zoila Casal Conejo

(1879-09-06)6 September 1879
San José, Costa Rica
Died17 November 1953(1953-11-17) (aged 74)
San José, Costa Rica
NationalityCosta Rican
Other namesSara Casal, Sara Casal v. de Quirós
Occupationteacher, writer, community worker, women's rights activist

Early life

Sara Rosa Zoila Casal Conejo was born on 6 September 1879 in San José, Costa Rica to Rafaela Conejo and Carlos Casal.[1][2] She married Teodoro Quirós Blanco (1876–1902), but became a widow at the age of 23.[3][4] By profession, Casal was a sewing instructor.[5]

Activism

A member of the charitable society Damas de San Vicente de Paul (Ladies of San Vicente de Paul), in 1913, Casal de Quirós worked with Ángela Acuña Braun, Ana Rosa Chacón, and Marian Le Cappellain to found the program "La Gota de Leche" (A Drop of Milk), which provided milk to disadvantaged children and taught women about breastfeeding and proper nutrition.[6][7] She also was a secretary of the Liga de Acción Social de Damas Católicas (League for Social Action of Catholic Ladies)[8] and in 1921 worked with Amparo de Zeledón to bring the Sisters of Jesus the Good Shepherd from León, Nicaragua to attend to the inmates in the women's prison.[9] In 1922, Casal de Quirós and Acuña traveled to the United States attending the Pan-American Conference of Women hosted by the National League of Women Voters in Baltimore, visited Boston, and then attended the Pan American Women's Conference in New York City.[10][11][12]

Along with Acuña, Chacón, Esther de Mezerville, and other graduates, students, and teachers from the Colegio Superior de Señoritas, in 1923, Casal de Quirós became a founding member of the Liga Feminista Costarricense (Costa Rican Feminist League), the first feminist organization in Costa Rica.[13][14] In 1925, she founded the Consejo nacional de mujeres de Costa Rica (National Council of Costa Rican Women)[15] and published, El voto femenino (The Female Vote) the first booklet defending the civil and political rights of women in Costa Rica. It was widely distributed among educators, feminists, and politicians, and frequently discussed in the press.[14] She advocated for a restricted vote for women, limiting participation to those who were educated or who had sufficient life experience, like mothers and widows.[16]

Casal de Quirós was outspoken in her defense of the right of women to vote, believing that women had a moral nature which was crucial for shaping society. Along with the Liga, she supported laws which provided for the care of abandoned children, for removal of discriminatory pay scales for women, and for the political enfranchisement of women. From 1924, women's suffrage legislation was introduced by the Liga and its supporters to the legislature in 1925, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1939, without success.[17] She published articles in various newspapers, like La Tribuna, throughout the 1920s[18][19] and in April 1931 became the director and editor-in-chief of Revista costarricense (Costa Rican Magazine),[20][21] continuing as director until 1948, when the publication ceased production.[20][22] The magazine aimed to address a wide range of women's issues from home management, to education, to hygiene and childcare, to civic responsibilities, and the moral and religious development of women and children.[23]

Death and legacy

Casal de Quirós died on 17 November 1953 at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in San José and was buried in El Carmen the following day.[3] Along with Acuña, de Chacón, and de Messerville, she is remembered as one of the leading feminists of her era in Costa Rica.[14][24]

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References

Citations
  1. Registros civiles 1879.
  2. Registros parroquiales 1879, p. 383.
  3. Registros parroquiales 1953, p. 560.
  4. Registros civiles 1902, p. 199.
  5. Gobierno de Costa Rica 1940, p. 123.
  6. Rodríguez Sáenz 2005a, pp. 9–10.
  7. Rodríguez Sáenz 2005b, p. 10.
  8. Rodríguez Sáenz 1997, p. 29.
  9. Ramírez U., et al. 2020.
  10. Bulletin of the Pan American Union 1922, p. 637.
  11. The Boston Globe 1922, p. 13.
  12. Barahona Riera 1994, p. 75.
  13. Camacho De la O & Valitutti Chavarría 2007, pp. 42–43.
  14. La Nación 2014.
  15. Solano Arias 2014, p. 371.
  16. Lehoucq & Molina 2002, p. 129.
  17. Rodríguez Sáenz 1999, p. 3.
  18. Rodríguez Sáenz 1997, p. 32.
  19. Lehoucq & Molina 2002, p. 127.
  20. Sinabi 2020.
  21. Evans Benavides 2011, p. 39.
  22. Casal de Quirós 1948, p. 1.
  23. Ovares 2011, pp. 218–219.
  24. Rodríguez Sáenz 1996, p. 1.

Bibliography
  • Barahona Riera, Macarena (1994). Las sufragistas de Costa Rica [The Suffragettes of Costa Rica] (in Spanish) (1 ed.). San José, Costa Rica: Editorial de la University de Costa Rica. ISBN 978-9977-67-257-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Camacho De la O, Ana Lorena; Valitutti Chavarría, Gina, eds. (2007). Mujeres destacadas de Costa Rica [Featured Women of Costa Rica] (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres. ISBN 978-9968-25-102-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Casal de Quirós, Sara (26 December 1948). "(Masthead) Directora: Sara Casal Vda. de Quiros" (PDF). Revista Costarricense (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica. XIX (785): 1. Retrieved 20 January 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Evans Benavides, Teodoro (December 2011). "Aspectos históricos, tratamiento quirúrgico de la Neuralgia del Trigémino en Costa Rica" [Historical Aspects, Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Costa Rica] (PDF). Neuroeje (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Asociación Costarricense de Ciencias Neurológica. 24 (2): 39. ISSN 1011-5684. Retrieved 20 January 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lehoucq, Fabrice E.; Molina, Ivan (2002). Stuffing the Ballot Box: Fraud, Electoral Reform, and Democratization in Costa Rica. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-43415-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ovares, Flora (2011). Crónicas de lo efímero: revistas literarias de Costa Rica [Chronicles of the Ephemeral: Literary Magazines of Costa Rica] (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ramírez U., Carmen María; Vásquez A., Hilda; Herrera Q., Marta; Zúñiga V., Patricia (2020). "El Buen Pastor en Centroamérica y Puerto Rico" [The Good Shepherd in Central America and Puerto Rico]. Congregacíón de Nuestra Señora de la Carídad del Buen Pastor (in Spanish). Rome, Italy: Casa Generalizia, Suore del Buon Pastore. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  • Rodríguez Sáenz, Eugenia (August 2005a). "Cronología de la participación socio-política femenina en Costa Rica (1890–1952)" [Women's Socio-Political Participation in Costa Rica (1890–1952)]. Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica. 5 (1–2): 695–722. doi:10.15517/dre.v5i1-2.6254. ISSN 1409-469X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rodríguez Sáenz, Eugenia (August 1999). ""Dotar de voto político a la mujer". La Liga Feminista y la redefinición de las relaciones de género, (1923–1949)" ["Provide the Political Vote to Women". The Feminist League and the Redefinition of Gender Relations, (1923–1949)]. Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica. 1 (1): 142. doi:10.15517/dre.v1i1.6123. ISSN 1409-469X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rodríguez Sáenz, Eugenia (November 1996). ""¿Hábrase visto cosa igual?" El trasfondo doméstico de la lucha por la aprobación del voto femenino" ["Have Equal Things Been Seen?" The Domestic Background of the Struggle for the Approval of the Female Vote] (PDF). Actualidades del C.I.H.A.C. (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Centro de Investigaciónes Históricas de América Central de Universidad de Costa Rica. 3 (4): 1–4. Retrieved 20 January 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rodríguez Sáenz, Eugenia (1997). "La redefinición de los discursos sobre la familia y el género en Costa Rica, (1890–1930)" [The Redefinition of Speech about Family and Gender in Costa Rica, (1890–1930)] (PDF). LASA International (in Spanish). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Latin American Studies Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rodríguez Sáenz, Eugenia (August 2005b). "Visibilizando las facetas ocultas del movimiento de mujeres, el feminismo y las luchas por la ciudadanía femenina en Costa Rica (1890–1953)" [Visibilizing the Hidden Dates of the Women's Movement, Feminism and the Fight for Female Citizenship in Costa Rica (1890–1953)]. Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica. 5 (1–2): 36–61. doi:10.15517/dre.v5i1-2.6230. ISSN 1409-469X. Retrieved 19 January 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Solano Arias, Marta E. (June 2014). "A 90 años de la fundación de la Liga Feminista Costarricense: los derechos políticos" [90 Years after the Founding of the Costa Rican Feminist League: Political Rights] (PDF). Revista de Derecho Electoral (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica (17): 357–375. ISSN 1659-2069. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "Boston Host to Pan-Americans". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. 5 May 1922. p. 13. Retrieved 19 January 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "La batalla de las sufragistas ticas" [The Battle of Tica Suffragists]. La Nación (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica. 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  • Memoria de Educacion Publica correspondiente al año 1940 [Public Education Report for the Year 1940] (PDF) (Report). San José, Costa Rica: Gobierno de Costa Rica. 1940. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  • "Pan American Conference of Women". Bulletin of the Pan American Union. Washington, D. C.: The Pan American Union. 54 (6): 637–638. June 1922. OCLC 220726766.
  • "Registros civiles, Nacimientos 1860–1889: Sara Rosa Zoila Casal Conejo". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Tribunal supremo de elecciones. 6 September 1879. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  • "Registros civiles, Defunciones vols. 5–6 1900–1906: Teodoro Quirós Blanco". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Tribunal supremo de elecciones. 20 January 1902. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  • "Registros parroquiales, Bautismos 1879–1881: Sara Rosa Soila Casal Conejo". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: El Carmen parroquia de la Iglesia Católica. 11 September 1879. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  • "Registros parroquiales, Defunciones 1881–1970: Casal Conejo de Quirós, Sara". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: El Carmen parroquia de la Iglesia Católica. 18 November 1953. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  • "Revista costarricense: publicación semanal para el hogar". Sinabi (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas. 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
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