No. 38 Group RAF

No 38 Group RAF is a group of the Royal Air Force. It was formed on 6 November 1943 from nine squadrons as part of Fighter Command. After the war it became part of RAF Transport Command but was disbanded on 31 January 1951. It re-formed on 1 January 1960, became part of RAF Air Support Command in 1967 and then, in 1972, the air support group within RAF Strike Command. It was temporarily disbanded from 18 Nov 1983 to 31 Oct 1992 and from 1 April 2000 to 1 July 2014. It subsequently became part of RAF Air Command, bringing together the Royal Air Force’s Engineering, Logistics, Communications and Medical Operations units.[2] Air Officer Commanding No. 38 Group is also responsible for UK-based United States Visiting Forces (USVF) units and for RAF personnel attached to other global armed forces.[3]

No. 38 Group RAF
No. 38 Group badge
Active	1943–1951, 1960–1983, 1992–2000, 2014–
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Air Force
Type	Air Combat Service Support
Part of	RAF Air Command
Garrison/HQ	HQ at RAF High Wycombe; HQ elements at RAF Wittering
Motto(s)	Latin: Par Nobile Fratrum (Translation: "A noble pair of brothers")[1]
Royal Air Force Ensign
Commanders
Current commander	Air Vice-Marshal Simon D Ellard
Insignia
Group Badge heraldry	An eagle's leg grasping a sword

History

The predecessor of 38 Group was No. 38 Wing RAF, initially formed on 15 January 1942 from 296 and 297 Squadrons and based at RAF Netheravon in Wiltshire under Group Captain Sir Nigel Norman. 295 Squadron was additionally formed at Netheravon on 3 August 1942. To these were added 570, 298, 299, 190, 196, 620 Squadrons to form No. 38 (Airborne Force) Group on 11 October 1943. At that time four squadrons were equipped with Albemarles (295, 296, 297, 570), one with Halifaxes (298) and four with Stirlings (299, 190, 196, 620). A further Halifax unit, 644 Squadron, was added in February 1944.

During 1943, changes of all aircraft types and operational bases were made. Nevertheless 295, 296 and 297 Squadrons were heavily involved that year in operations Beggar, Ladbroke and Fustian, during the invasion of Sicily. From February 1944 many sorties were made over mainland Europe in support of Special Operations Executive and detachments of the Special Air Service.

But by 5 June 1944 the group’s updated resources had been fully redeployed between RAF Brize Norton, RAF Fairford, RAF Harwell, RAF Keevil and RAF Tarrant Rushton in preparation for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Europe. From then to 16 June the Group was fully involved in operations Tonga (the delivery of paratroop-filled gliders at the onset of Overlord) and Mallard (the delivery of the main airborne forces and their equipment by glider).

In September 1944 the group was called upon to ferry airborne troops for Operation Market Garden, the abortive attempt to capture the Rhine bridge at Arnhem. Following that operation there was further reorganisation; the Group Headquarters moved to Marks Hall, Essex in October 1944 and the squadrons were redeployed to RAF Earls Colne (296 and 297), RAF Rivenhall (295 and 570), RAF Great Dunmow (190 and 620), RAF Wethersfield (later to RAF Shepherds Grove) (196 and 299) and RAF Woodbridge (298 and 644). 190 Squadron remained temporarily at RAF Fairford. On 10 March 1945 161 Squadron at RAF Tempsford also came under 38 Group control.

On 24 March 1945 the squadrons were fully employed in delivering airborne troops to the far bank of the Rhine as part of Operation Varsity, an operation which proved costly in terms of aircrew lives lost.

After the war most 38 Group squadrons were either disbanded or relocated to the Far East and the HQ moved to RAF Upavon. 295 and 297 Squadrons merged and moved to Fairford. 38 Group became part of RAF Transport Command on 1 June 1945.

In 1972, Headquarters 38 Group moved from RAF Odiham, Hants, where it had been since 1960, to RAF Benson, Oxon.[4] In 1983, 38 Group was subsumed within 1 Group and moved to RAF Upavon in Wiltshire.[5]

From 2014, the reformed group has units at RAF Wittering, RAF Brize Norton, Royal Air Force High Wycombe and Royal Air Force Leeming. It appears that the reformed group now includes RAF A4 Force Elements (deployable engineering and logistic units), Tactical Medical Wing at Brize Norton, and Tactical Communications Wing RAF at RAF Leeming. On 1 April 2015 38 Gp assumed responsibility for the Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service with its 3 teams at RAF Lossiemouth, RAF Leeming and RAF Valley where it is co located with the MRS HQ.

RAF Support to airborne operations– World War II

With the increasing use of paratroops and glider borne forces, the RAF began to use specialist personnel to act as the eyes and ears of the Air Force on the ground. These Airfield Activation teams saw action wherever ‘austere’ landing strips needed to be established.

The first use of British Paratroops was Operation COLOSSUS in February 1941, where a small force was sent to attack an aqueduct in Italy. Later airborne assaults were on Bruneval in France, Operation TORCH in Tunisia and as part of the Allied invasion of Italy. These culminated in Operation OVERLORD, mounted in support of the Normandy D-Day landings.

The success of these operations was due to effective resupply drops and total air superiority, but a known difficulty for all of the airborne operations was the correlation and control of Close Air Support missions to avoid the possibility of incurring ‘friendly fire’ deaths.

Light Warning Units at Arnhem

Operation MARKET GARDEN was Field Marshal Montgomery’s bold plan to capture the vital bridges over the Dutch rivers at Arnhem in 1944. The plan required the deployment of two highly secret radar units so that Close Air Support could be given to the lightly equipped airborne units.

RAF engineers and radar controllers attached to the 4th Parachute Battalion landed in Arnhem on 18 September. They were to control Close Air Support missions by Allied aircraft; if all had gone to plan, this was a task that could have changed the course of history. The 25 RAF personnel were part of two Light Warning Units, each equipped with the top secret Air Ministry Experimental Station which could be transported in two gliders.

The plan was to deploy these systems on the second phase of gliders reaching Holland on 17 and 18 September. The first was to land at Groesbeek to support the Brigade HQ, but Germans strafed the aircraft, mortally wounding the Unit’s Commanding Officer, and the glider landed at Nijmegen. Despite this, the 4 Horsa gliders containing the Light Warning Units took off from RAF Harwell in Oxfordshire just after 1200hrs on 18 September.

As the aircraft began their approach to the landing zones, one glider had to crash land when its tug aircraft was hit by flak and crashed. It landed near the town of Zetten, where the surviving crew destroyed the equipment and, despite having little infantry training, made their way to fight at Arnhem. A second glider was hit by the same concentration of flack and crashed, killing 6 members of the Light Warning Unit, plus the pilots. The remaining two gliders landed as planned at the landing zone 7 miles west of Arnhem, but the crews soon realised that without all of the equipment, the Air Ministry Experimental Station would not function. As they tried to improvise a solution, both gliders and equipment were destroyed by heavy German fire on the landing zone. The Light Warning Unit crews then accompanied the infantry-trained glider pilots into battle.

At the end of the week long battle, the remains of the now exhausted 1st Airborne Division were under siege in the Oosterbeek area and, with no signs of respite and little or no ammunition, decided to attempt a risky night time crossing of the Rhine in order to reach the British lines. Only four members of the Light Warning Units, including a US Army 1st Lieutenant, made this crossing successfully and escaped. Of the 25 Light Warning Unit personnel that were flown into Holland, 10 were killed and the remaining 11 captured.

Crossing the Rhine

The last major airborne operation of the war in Europe was Operation VARSITY, a crossing of the Rhine in March 1945. This operation was deemed a complete success in the use of air-power, ground support elements and Close Air Support. The marking of drop zones and landing strips was extremely accurate, and enabled the Airborne forces to achieve all their allocated targets without major losses.

Orders of Battle

1944

Order of Battle for No. 38 Group RAF, 06-06-1944[6]

Station	Squadron	Aircraft	No Operational
RAF Brize Norton	296 297	Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle	37 36
RAF Fairford	190 620	Short Stirling Short Stirling	33 30
RAF Harwell	295 570	Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle	34 36
RAF Keevil	196 299	Short Stirling Short Stirling	36 35
RAF Tarrant Rushton	298 644	Handley Page Halifax Handley-Page Halifax	30 21

1945

Order of Battle for No. 38 Group RAF, July 1945[7]

Station	Squadron	Aircraft
RAF Earls Colne	296 297	Handley Page Halifax Handley-Page Halifax
RAF Great Dunmow	190 620	Handley Page Halifax Handley-Page Halifax
RAF Rivenhall	295 570	Short Stirling Short Stirling
RAF Shepherds Grove	196 299	Short Stirling Short Stirling
RAF Tarrant Rushton	298 644	Handley Page Halifax Handley-Page Halifax

1962

Order of Battle for No. 38 Group RAF, April 1962[8]

Station	Squadron	Aircraft
RAF Abingdon	47 53	Blackburn Beverley Blackburn Beverley
RAF Aldergrove	118	Bristol Sycamore
RAF Colerne	24 36	Handley Page Hastings Handley Page Hastings
RAF Odiham	66 72 225 230	Bristol Belvedere Bristol Belvedere Bristol Sycamore/Westland Whirlwind Scottish Aviation Pioneer
RAF Waterbeach	1 54 64	Hawker Hunter Hawker Hunter Gloster Javelin

1982

Order of Battle for No. 38 Group RAF, January 1982[9]

Station	Squadron	Aircraft
RAF Aldergrove	72	Westland Wessex
Ladyville, Belize	1417 Flt.	Hawker Siddeley Harrier
RAF Brize Norton	10 115	Vickers VC10 Hawker Siddeley Andover
RAF Coltishall	6 41 54	SEPECAT Jaguar SEPECAT Jaguar SEPECAT Jaguar
RAF Lyneham	24 30 47 70	Lockheed C-130 Hercules Lockheed C-130 Hercules Lockheed C-130 Hercules Lockheed C-130 Hercules
RAF Northolt	32 207	Hawker Siddeley Andover/Westland Gazelle/British Aerospace BAe 125/Westland Whirlwind de Havilland Devon
RAF Odiham	18 33	Boeing Chinook Westland Puma
RAF Wittering	1	Hawker Siddeley Harrier

2016

Order of Battle for No. 38 Group RAF, December 2016

Formation	Unit	Sub-unit	Role	Location
RAF Wittering	Operations Wing		Aerodrome Management	Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire
	Support Wing		Service Support
RAF A4 Force Elements[10]	No 1 Air Mobility Wing	Operations Squadron	Movements	RAF Brize Norton
		Air Movements Squadron
		UK Mobile Air Movements Squadron
	No 42 (Expeditionary Support) Wing	No 71 (Inspection and Repair) Squadron	Aircraft engineering	RAF Wittering
		No 93 (Expeditionary Armaments) Squadron	Weapons engineering	RAF Marham
		No 5001 Squadron	Ground engineering	RAF Wittering
		No. 5131 (Bomb Disposal) Squadron	Explosive Ordnance Disposal	RAF Wittering
	No. 85 (Expeditionary Logistics) Wing	No 1 Expeditionary Logistics Squadron	Supply	RAF Wittering
		No 2 Mechanical Transport Squadron	Transport	RAF Wittering
		No 3 Mobile Catering Squadron	Catering and accommodation management	RAF Wittering
		No 501 (County of Gloucester) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force	Logistics	RAF Brize Norton
		No 504 (County of Nottingham) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force		RAF Wittering
		No 605 (County of Warwick) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force		RAF Cosford
		RAF Mountain Rescue Service		RAF Valley; RAF Leeming; RAF Lossiemouth
		Joint Aircraft Recovery & Transportation Squadron		MOD Boscombe Down
	No 4624 (County of Oxford) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force		Movements	RAF Brize Norton
RAF Music Services[11]	The Central Band of the Royal Air Force		Ceremonial	RAF Northolt
	The Band of the RAF Regiment
	The RAF Salon Orchestra
	The Band of the Royal Air Force College			RAF College Cranwell
	The Band of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force
RAF High Wycombe			Support to collocated headquarters	Buckinghamshire
No. 90 Signals Unit	Tactical Communications Wing	No 2 Field Communications Squadron	Communications	RAF Leeming
		No 3 Field Communications Squadron
		No 4 Field Communications Squadron
	Operational Information Services Wing	No 1 (Engineering Support) Squadron
		No 5 (Information Services) Squadron
		Capability and Innovation Squadron
RAF Medical Operations	RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine[12]		Medical Support	RAF Henlow
	Tactical Medical Wing[13]	Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron	Medical Support	RAF Brize Norton
		Operations Squadron
		Capability and Sustainment Squadron
		Training Squadron
	No 612 (County of Aberdeen) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force		Air Transportable Surgical	Leuchars Station
	No 4626 (County of Wiltshire) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force		Aeromedical Evacuation	RAF Brize Norton

Commanding officers

38 Wing

Commanding officers no. 38 Wing RAF[14]

Date	Name
15 Jan 1942	Air Commodore Sir Nigel Norman (Killed on duty 19 May 1943)
May 1943	Air Commodore William H Primrose
6 Oct 1943	Air Vice-Marshal Leslie Norman Hollinghurst

38 Group

Commanding officers no. 38 Group RAF[14]

Date	Name
11 Oct 1943	Air Vice-Marshal Leslie Norman Hollinghurst
18 Oct 1944	Air Vice-Marshal James Scarlett-Streatfield
31 Jul 1945	Air Vice-Marshal Ronald Ivelaw-Chapman
1946–1948	Air Vice-Marshal Arthur L Fiddament
17 Jan 1948	Air Vice-Marshal Alfred C H Sharp
25 Jan 1950	Air Vice-Marshal Edgar J Kingston-McClaughry
1 Jan 1960	Air Vice-Marshal Peter Wykeham
27 Jul 1962	Air Vice-Marshal T W Piper
1 Jan 1965	Air Vice-Marshal Leslie Mavor
1 Mar 1966	Air Vice-Marshal Peter C Fletcher
1 Aug 1967	Air Vice-Marshal Harold Brownlow Martin
24 Jun 1970	Air Vice-Marshal Denis Crowley-Milling
21 Feb 1972	Air Vice-Marshal Frederick S Hazlewood
2 Nov 1974	Air Vice-Marshal Peter G K Williamson
10 Dec 1977	Air Vice-Marshal Joseph A Gilbert
27 Feb 1980	Air Vice-Marshal Donald P Hall
1984–1985	Air Vice-Marshal David Parry-Evans
15 Jan 1993	Air Vice-Marshal J A G May
1994	Air Vice-Marshal David Cousins
21 Apr 1995	Air Vice-Marshal David A Hurrell
30 Jan 1998	Air Vice-Marshal Philip Sturley
2 July 2014	Air Vice-Marshal Tim Bishop [2]
16 June 2016	Air Vice-Marshal Susan C Gray [15]
December 2018	Air Vice-Marshal Simon D Ellard [16]

See also

• List of Royal Air Force groups
• List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons

References

Notes

1. Pine, L.G. (1983). A dictionary of mottoes (1 ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 166. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
2. RAF 38 Group Reforming Parade 2 July 14
3. About RAF 38 Group
4. Flight International 27 April 1972
5. Horseman, Martin, ed. (January 1983). "RAF Groups HQ to Merge". Armed Forces. Shepperton: Ian Allan. p. 7. ISSN 0142-4696.
6. Operation Neptune Order of Battle
7. Delve 1994, p. 81. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDelve1994 (help)
8. Delve 1994, pp. 88–89. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDelve1994 (help)
9. Delve 1994, p. 91. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDelve1994 (help)
10. here, RAF Details. "RAF - A4 Force". www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
11. here, RAF Details. "RAF - About us". www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
12. "Centre for Aviation Medicine".
13. here, RAF Details. "RAF - Tactical Medical Wing". www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
14. "Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation". Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
15. http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/senior-appointments.cfm
16. https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/senior-appointments/

Bibliography

• Delve, Ken. The Source Book of the RAF. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.

External links

• No 38 Group
• New Release stating its reformation
• Group history on 38 Group website
• Arnhem forces
• No. 38 group on RAFWb's Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation
• Complete order of Battle No. 38 Group, 06-06-1944, including servicing echolons, OTUs, HCU, etc.