Logan family (historical)

The Logan family are African Americans descended from Warren Logan and his wife Adella Hunt Logan. This African American family has become part of the educated, professional black elite in the United States.

Warren Logan
Adella Hunt Logan, 1902

Of African American descent, Logan was born into slavery in Virginia shortly before the American Civil War. Adella Hunt was born free during the Civil War to a free woman of color and a white plantation owner who had a common-law marriage. After gaining educations, the couple met as teachers at Tuskegee Institute.

They married and had several children. As teachers, they also established a family tradition of "education and decorum as a way to transcend racial restrictions".[1] They and their descendants used education for advancement, and have become part of the professional class.

History

Warren was born into slavery in Virginia in 1857 and was visibly of mixed-race African and European ancestry.[2] At emancipation he took the surname Logan. He gained an education and by 1877 worked as a teacher at Tuskegee Normal School in Alabama.

As a young educated man in the period after the Reconstruction era, Logan pushed against the social restraints imposed by white supremacists in the South. For instance, he and a group of friends tried to use their first-class train tickets between Montgomery and Selma, Alabama. They were ordered to the Jim Crow car and ejected when they hesitated to move.[3] Logan became the first treasurer of Tuskegee Institute in 1882, and is described as the closest confidante of institute's head, Booker T. Washington.

In 1888 Logan married Adella Hunt, also a teacher at Tuskegee. Under the state's slavery laws, she was born free in February 1863 in Sparta, Georgia, as her mother was a free woman of color. (By the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, children at birth took their mother's status.) Her father was a white plantation owner. While her parents could not legally marry under the state's racial laws, they had a common-law marriage and her father acknowledged their family of eight children. He aided Adella financially so that she could attend Atlanta University, an historically black college founded by the American Missionary Association, where she graduated in 1881.[4]

Hunt became a teacher at Tuskegee in 1883.[4] Both the Hunts and Logans considered education the key to the advancement of people of color in society. Teaching English and social sciences, Hunt succeeded Olivia A. Davidson as Lady Principal when, in 1885, Davidson married Booker T. Washington, head of the institute.[5]

Adella Hunt Logan is known as an educator and an administrator.[4] She supported women's suffrage, lectured at NAACP conferences, and published articles in its Crisis magazine.[4] She is also remembered for her essay, "What Are the Causes of the Great Mortality Among the Negroes of the Cities of the South, and How Is That Mortality to Be Lessened?" (1902)[6][7]

In 1915, Hunt Logan was hospitalized for severe depression. Learning of Booker T. Washington's last illness, she returned to the institute. Washington died November 14, and Hunt Logan continued to struggle with depression. She committed suicide by jumping from the top floor of one of the school buildings on December 12, 1915.[4]

Descendants

The Logans had nine children together; six survived to adulthood and all became educated.

  • Arthur C. Logan (c. 1905 -1973) was the youngest. He was educated at a private school in New York City and college, and became a surgeon in New York City. He also served as personal physician to musician and composer Duke Ellington from 1937,[8] and to Billy Strayhorn. Strayhorn's composition "U.M.M.G. (Upper Manhattan Medical Group)" honored Logan among the founders and partners of the ground-breaking clinic. Logan was appointed by Mayor Robert F. Wagner as first chairman of the New York City Council Against Poverty.
    • Arthur Logan first married Wenonah Bond, a woman of color. They had a daughter Adele Logan before their divorce. She attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston School in New York, as had her father. Later she earned a doctorate in history and became a professor at George Washington University. As Adele Logan Alexander, she has written extensively on African-American history, including a detailed history of her ancestors, Homelands and Waterways (1990), tracing their journeys from slavery. She begins with her maternal great-grandfather John Robert Bond, a mixed-race black English man who came to the US as a sailor in 1862 and served with the Union. She is married to Clifford Alexander, Jr. (born 1933), who is the first African American to serve as Secretary of the Army.
    • Arthur Logan secondly married Marian Bruce (1919- November 25, 1993),[8] a cabaret singer and recording artist. She became politically active, working with the NAACP and serving as a Board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). In addition, she was a Democratic campaign worker, and was appointed as head of the New York City Commission on Human Rights in 1977-'79. (She appears in the documentary Duke Ellington: Reminiscing in Tempo, 1991, American Experience, PBS.)[9]
      • Arthur and Marian had one child, Warren Arthur Logan (born 1963).[10] In 1991 Warren Arthur Logan married Julie Lizabeth Wagman of New York City; she is the daughter of Karen Kronenberg of New York and Martin Wagman of Roslyn, Long Island. Logan was then working as an investigator for United Claims Service, and was a partner in a company importing African art.[10]

References
  1. Kent Anderson Leslie, "Introduction", Woman of Color, Daughter of Privilege, Amanda America Dickson, 1849-1893, University of Georgia Press, 1996, p. 18
  2. Adele Logan Alexander, Adele Logan Alexander, "Keynote Address - The American Way of Education and My Own History" Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 6, 8-9, and 10 (PDF pages 3-5) in Founder’s Day - May 2, 2003, Ethical Culture Fieldston School, 2003
  3. "Railroads and the Making of Modern America", University of Nebraska-Lincoln, transcription of "Outrage in Alabama", New York Freeman, April 21, 1877
  4. "From Georgia to Tuskegee, Adella Hunt Logan", African-American Registry website
  5. Adele Logan Alexander, Ambiguous Lives, Free Women of Color in Rural Georgia, 1789-1879, University of Arkansas Press, 1991; reprint 1992
  6. Mrs. Warren Logan on Southern African American Urban Mortality - 1902, About.com - Women's History
  7. Culp, Daniel Wallace (1902). Twentieth Century Negro Literature; or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics relating to the American Negro. Atlanta: J.L. Nichols & Co. p. 199.
  8. GoogleBooks excerpt from Composer's voices from Ives to Ellington: an Oral History of American Music, p. 404, Vivian Perlis & Libby Van Cleve, 2005, Yale Univ. Press.
  9. Quotes from her appearance are in "Review/Television; The Duke Ellington Behind Closed Doors", New York Times, December 9, 1991 and GoogleBooks excerpt from Listen to the Stories: Nat Hentoff on Jazz and Country Music, Nat Hentoff, Da Capo Press, 2000, pp. 10-11.
  10. "Julie Lizabeth Wagman Is Married To Warren Arthur Logan in New York", New York Times, September 15, 1991

Further reading
  • Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, Volumes 1 and 2, edited by Darlene Clark Hines. 1993, Carlson Publishing Inc., Brooklyn, New York ISBN 0-926019-61-9
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