List of state leaders in 1889

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1889.

Africa

Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua III Asamu, Asantehene (1888–1896)
Kingdom of Benin - Ovonramwen (1888-1897)
Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
Kingdom of Dahomey –
1. Glele (1856–1889)
2. Béhanzin (1889–1894)
Ethiopia -
Futa Jallon - Almany Almadou (1873-1896)
Kingdom of Kaffa -
Kingdom of Kongo - Pedro V of Kongo (1859-1891)
Liberia – Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia (1884–1892)
Mahdist State of Sudan – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1885–1898)
Merina Kingdom - Ranavalona III (1883-1897)
Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Umaru bin Ali (1881–1891)
- Grand Vizier - Muhammadu Buhari (1886–1910)
Wassoulou Empire – Samori Ture, Emperor (1878–1898)
Welega Kingdom - Kumsa Moroda (1888-1897)
Sultanate of Zanzibar – Khalifah bin Said (1888–1890)
Oranje Vrystaat – President Francis William Reitz (1889–1896)
Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – President Paul Kruger (1883–1902)

Asia

Aceh Sultanate - Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1875-1903)
Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
China (Qing dynasty) - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kuroda Kiyotaka (1888–1889)
  2. Yamagata Aritomo (1889–1891)
Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
Rajpipla State - Gambhirsinhji II (1860-1897)
Siam – Chulalongkorn (1868–1910)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-Princes -
  - French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
- First Syndic - Antoni Moles (1888–1897)
Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
- Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1884–1894)
Principality of Bulgaria
- Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
- Prime Minister – Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894)
Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
French Third Republic –
- President - Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
- President of the Council -
  1. Charles Floquet (1888–1889)
  2. Pierre Tirard (1889–1890)
German Empire –
- Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
- see also List of German rulers in 1889
Kingdom of Greece
- Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister – Charilaos Trikoupis (1886–1890)
Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
- Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi (1887–1891)
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
Netherlands -
- Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Aeneas Mackay (1888–1891)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch -
  1. Luís I (1861–1889)
  2. Carlos I (1889–1908)
- President of the Council of Ministers - José Luciano de Castro (1886–1890)
Russian Empire – Alexander III (1881–1894)
Kingdom of Spain –
- Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
- Prime Minister - Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
Kingdom of Sweden –
- Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
- Prime Minister -
1. Gillis Bildt (1888–1889)
2. Gustaf Åkerhielm (1889–1891)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America and the Caribbean

Canada -
- Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald (1878–1891)
Costa Rica – Bernardo Soto Alfaro, President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
Honduras -
Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of México (1884–1911)
Nicaragua -

Evaristo Carazo (1887-1889)
Nicolás Osorno (1889)
Roberto Sacasa (1889-1891)

United States -
- Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (1885–1889)
- Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States (1889–1893)

Oceania

Franceville – Ferdinand Chevillard, President of Franceville (1889)
Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
Niue – Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
Samoa – Malietoa Laupepa, Malietoa (1880–1898)
Tonga –
- Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
- Prime Minister - Shirley Waldemar Baker (1880–1890)

South America

Argentina – Miguel Juárez Celman, President of Argentina (1886–1890)
Bolivia – Aniceto Arce, President of Bolivia (1888–1892)
Brazil -
- Empire of Brazil –
  - Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
  - Prime Minister –
    1. João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira, President of the cabinet of ministers (1888–1889)
    2. Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto, President of the cabinet of ministers (1889)
- First Brazilian Republic –
  - Deodoro da Fonseca, Head of the Provisional Government (1889–1891)
Chile – José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (1886–1891)
Colombia – Rafael Núñez, President of Colombia (1887–1894)
- Carlos Holguín Mallarino, acting President of Colombia (1888–1892)
Ecuador – Antonio Flores Jijón, President of Ecuador (1888–1892)
Paraguay – Patricio Escobar, President of Paraguay (1886–1890)
Peru – Andrés Avelino Cáceres, President of Peru (1886–1890)
Uruguay – Máximo Tajes, President of Uruguay (1886–1890)
Venezuela – Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl, President of Venezuela (1888–1892)

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