List of state leaders in 1823

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1823.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Osei Bonsu, Asantehene (1804–1824)
• Basutoland – Paramount chief Moshoeshoe I (1822–1870)
• Kingdom of Buganda – Kamaanya (1814–1836)
• Bunyoro – Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama of Bunyoro (1786–1835)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Ntare IV Rugamba (1796–1852)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Gézo (1818–1856)
• Kingdom of Kaffa -
• Lesotho – Moshoeshoe I, Paramount Chief of Lesotho
• Sultanate of Ndzuwani – Abdallah bin Alawi (1816–1832)
• Kingdom of Rwanda – Yuhi III (1797–1830)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Muhammed Bello (1814–1837)
  • Grand Vizier - Gidago dan Laima (1817–1842)
• Swaziland – Paramount chief Ngwane IV (1815–1836)
• Zulu – Shaka, King of the Zulu (1816–1828)

Americas

• Empire of Brazil – Pedro I (1822–1831)
• Chile –
  1. Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Director (1817–1823)
  2. Agustín Eyzaguirre, President of the Government Junta (1823)
  3. Congreso de Plenipotenciarios, Provisional triumvirate of the three provinces (1823)
  4. Ramón Freire, Interim Supreme Director (1823)
  5. Diego José Benavente, Acting Supreme Director (1823)
  6. Ramón Freire, Supreme Director (1823–1826)
• Federal Republic of Central America – José Cecilio del Valle, President of Central America (1823–1825)
• Greater Colombia – Simón Bolívar, President of Greater Colombia (1823–1830)
• First Mexican Empire – Agustín de Iturbide (1821–1823)
• Paraguay – José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Consul of Paraguay (1814–1840)
• Peru –
  1. José La Mar, President of the Government Junta (1822–1823)
  2. Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano, provisional (1823)
  3. José de la Riva Agüero, President of Peru (1823)
  4. José Bernardo de Tagle, Supreme Delegate (1823–1824)
• United States - James Monroe, President of the United States (1817–1825)

Asia

• Afghanistan –
  • Kabul -
    1. Ayub Shah, King of Afghanistan (1819–1823)
  • Habibollah Shah, King of Afghanistan (1823)
    1. Soltan Mohammed Khan, Mohammedzay Regent (1823–1826)
  • Kandahar - Shirdil Khan, Mohammedzay Regent (1818–1826)
  • Herat - Mahmud Shah, Padshah of Herat (1819–1826)
  • Peshawar -
    1. Ayub Shah, King of Afghanistan (1819–1823)
    2. Annexed by Punjab
• China (Qing dynasty) - Daoguang Emperor (1821–1850)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Ninkō (1817–1846)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Kō (1804–1828)
• Joseon (Korea) – Sunjo (1800–1834)
• Rajpipla State - Verisalji II (1821-1860)
• Siam – Rama II (1809–1824)

Europe

• Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
• Andorra –
  • Bernat Francés y Caballero, Bishop of Urgell (1817–1824)
  • Louis XVIII of France (1815–1824)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Frederick VI (1808–1839)
  • Minister of State - Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann (1818–1824)
• Kingdom of France –
  • Monarch – Louis XVIII (1815–1824)
  • Prime Minister - Comte de Villèle (1821–1828)
• German Confederation
  • Austrian Empire – Francis I (1792*-1835) *Note: Leader of Austria held the title of Archduke prior to 1804
    • Chancellor - Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Chancellor of Austria (1821–1848)
  • Kingdom of Bohemia – Francis (1792–1835)
  • Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian I (1799*-1825) *Note: Leader of Bavaria held title of Elector prior to 1805
  • Kingdom of Hanover – George IV (1820–1830)
    • Duchy of Bremen – George IV of the United Kingdom (House of Hanover) (1820–1823, title had turned void, Duchy incorporated in real union into Kingdom of Hanover in 1823)
    • Principality of Verden – George IV of the United Kingdom (House of Hanover), Prince of Verden (1820–1823, title had turned void, Principality incorporated in real union into Kingdom of Hanover 1823)
  • Principality of Liechtenstein – Johann Josef I (1805–1836)
  • Grand Duchy of Luxembourg – William I (1815–1840)
  • Kingdom of Prussia –
    • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III (1797–1840)
    • Chief Minister -
      1. Otto Karl Friderich von Voss (1822–1823)
      2. Karl Friedrich Heinrich von Wylich (1823–1841)
  • Kingdom of Saxony – Frederick Augustus I (1763*-1827) *Note: Leader of Saxony held the title of Elector prior to 1806
  • Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
• Greece (unrecognized) -

1. Alexandros Mavrokordatos, President of the Executive (1822–1823)
2. Petros Mavromichalis, President of the Executive (1823)
3. Georgios Kountouriotis, President of the Executive (1823–1826)

• Kingdom of Hungary – Francis (1792–1835)
• Neutral Moresnet
  • Monarchs -
    • William I, King of the Netherlands (1815–1840)
    • Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797–1840)
  • Mayor - Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx, Mayor of Moresnet (1817–1859)
• United Kingdom of the Netherlands – William I (1815–1840)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan - Mahmud II (1808–1839)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Hamdullah Abdullah Pasha (1822–1823)
    2. Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (1823)
    3. Mehmed Said Galib Pasha (1823–1824)
• United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (de facto: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves) – John VI (1816–1826)
• Russian Empire – Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (1801–1825)
• Kingdom of Spain – Ferdinand VII (1808, 1814–1833)
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XIV John (1818–1844)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinand III (1814–1824)
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand I (1816–1825)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  • Monarch – George IV (1820–1830)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1812–1827)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi –
  • Co-Shaikh – Shakhbut bin Dhiyab, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1818–1833)
  • Co-Shaikh – Tahnun bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1818–1833)
• Ajman – Rashid bin Humayd, Shaikh of Ajman (1816–1838)
• Bahrain – Sheikh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah (1796–1825)
• Egypt – Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1848)
  • Kel Ahaggar – Ag Mama ag Sidi (1790–1830)
• Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
• Sultanate of Oman – Sa'id II ibn Sultan (1804–1856)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar (1797–1834)
• Beylik of Tunis (under Ottoman Empire suzerainty) - Mahmud (1814–1824)