List of state leaders in 1444
Africa
- Adal Sultanate – Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din, Sultan (died 1445)
- Ethiopian Empire – Zara Yaqob (1434–1468)
The Americas
- Aztec Empire – Moctezuma I (1440–1469)
- Inca Empire – Pachacuti (1438–1471)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Borommarachathirat II (1424–1448)
- China (Ming dynasty) - Zhengtong Emperor (1435–1449)
- Japan (Muromachi period)
- Monarch – Emperor Go-Hanazono (1428–1464)
- Shōgun (Ashikaga shogunate) - vacant
- Joseon (Korea) – Sejong the Great (1418–1450)
- Timurid Empire - Shāhrukh Mīrzā (1407–1447)
- Uzbek Khanate - Abu'l Khayr Khan (1428-1468)
- Eastern Chagatai Khanate - Esen Buqa II (1429–1462)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitatsu (1443–1449)
Europe
- Duchy of Anjou - René of Anjou (1434–1480)
- Crown of Aragon – Alfons V (1416–1458)
- Duchy of Burgundy – Philip III, the Good (1419–1467)
- Byzantine Empire – John VIII Palaiologos (1425–1448)
- Crown of Castile – John II (1406–1454)
- Kingdom of Denmark – Christopher of Bavaria (1440–1448)
- Kingdom of England (House of Lancaster) - Henry VI (1422–1461 and 1470–1471)
- Republic of Florence - Cosimo de' Medici (1434–1464 de facto)
- Kingdom of France (House of Valois) - Charles VII (1422–1461)
- Republic of Genoa - Raffaele Adorno, Doge of Genoa (1443–1447)
- Sultanate of Granada - Muhammed IX (1432–1445)
- Duchy of Milan - Filippo Maria Visconti (1412–1447)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Vasiliy II the Blind (1425–1462)
- Kingdom of Naples - Alfonso I (1442–1458)
- Kingdom of Norway – Christopher of Bavaria (1442–1448)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (1421–1451)
- Kingdom of Poland – Władysław III of Varna (1434–1444)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- Monarch – Afonso V (1438–1481)
- Regent – Peter, Duke of Coimbra (1439–1446)
- Kingdom of Scotland – James II Stuart (1437–1460)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Christopher of Bavaria (1441–1448)
- Republic of Venice – Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice (1423–1457)
- Margraviate of Brandenburg - Friedrich II 'Irontooth' von Hohenzollern (1440-1470)
- Electorate of Saxony - Friedrich II 'the Gentle' von Wettin (1428-1464)
- Electoral Palatinate - Ludwig IV 'the Meek' von Wittelsbach (1436-1449)
- Electorate of Mainz - Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (1434-1459)
- Electorate of Cologne - Dietrich II von Moers(de) (1414-1463)
- Electorate of Trier - Jakob I von Sierck(de) (1439-1456)
Middle East and North Africa
- Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans) – Jahangir bin Ali (1444–1451)
- Qara Qoyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans) - Jahan Shah (1438–1467)
- Kingdom of Cyprus – John II (1432–1458)
- Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt – Jaqmaq (1438–1453)
- Sultanate of Ifriqiya (Hafsid) - Uthman (Hafsid) (1435–1488)
- Sultanate of Morocco (Marinid) - Abd al-Haqq II (1420–1465)
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