List of sovereign states in 1648

Main article: 1648

Further information: Peace of Westphalia

Sovereign states

A

•  Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Andorra – Principality of Andorra
•  Ahom – Ahom Kingdom
•  Arakkal – Kingdom of Cannanore
• Avar – Avar Khanate
• Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom

B

•  Bajhang
•  Bastar – Bastar State
•  Benin – Benin Empire
•  Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
•  Bono – Bono state
•  Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
• Bukhara – Khanate of Bukhara
•  Burma – Burmese Empire

C

•  Calicut – Zamorin of Calicut
• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
•  Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
•  China – Great Qing Empire
•  Chamba – Chamba State
•  Champa – Kingdom of Champa
•  Chitradurga – Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom
•  Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
•  Circassia
•  Cochin – Kingdom of Cochin
•  Cooch Behar – Cooch Behar State
• Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia

D

•  Đại Việt – Kingdom of Đại Việt
•  Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
• Denmark-Norway – United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway
•  Dhenkanal – Dhenkanal State
•  Dremoshong – Kingdom of Dremoshong
•  Durdzuki
•  Dzungar – Dzungar Khanate

E

• England – Kingdom of England (in personal union with Scotland)
•  Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

•  France – Kingdom of France

G

•  Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
•  Garo – Kingdom of Garo
•  Gazikumukh – Gazikumukh Khanate
•  Genoa – Republic of Genoa
•  Gingee – Gingee Nayak Kingdom
•  Gorkha – Gorkha Kingdom

H

•  Hawwara
•  Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
  • Austria – Archduchy of Austria
  • Bavaria – Electorate of Bavaria
  • Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg (in personal union with Prussia)
  • Cologne – Electorate of Cologne
  • Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine
  • Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine
  • Mainz – Electorate of Mainz
  • Saxony – Electorate of Saxony
  • Trier – Electorate of Trier
  • Württemberg – Duchy of Württemberg

I

•  Ijebu – Ijebu Kingdom
• Iran – Expansive Realm of Iran
• Ireland – Irish Catholic Confederation

J

•  Jaintia – Jaintia Kingdom
•  Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
•  Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
•  Johor – Sultanate of Johor
•  Jolof – Kingdom of Jolof
•  Jumla

K

•  Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
•  Kachar – Kachari Kingdom
•  Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
•  Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
• Kalmyk – Kalmyk Khanate
• Kangleipak – Kangleipak State
•  Kangra – Kangra State
•  Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
•  Kanker – Kanker State
• Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate
•  Keladi – Keladi Nayak Kingdom
•  Keonjhar – Keonjhar State
•  Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
•  Khoshut – Khoshut Khanate
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
•   Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
•  Koya – Kingdom of Koya
•  Kuba – Kuba Kingdom
•  Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom

L

•  Lan Na – Lan Na Kingdom
•  Lo – Kingdom of Lo
• Lucca – Republic of Lucca

M

•  Madurai – Madurai Nayak dynasty
• Malta – Order of Saint John
• Mantua – Duchy of Mantua
•  Massa – Principality of Massa
• Masserano – Principality of Masserano
•  Mayurbhanj – Mayurbhanj State
• Modena – Duchy of Modena and Reggio
• Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• Montferrat – Duchy of Montferrat
•  Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
•   Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
• Mughal Empire
•   Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore

N

•  Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
•  Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
• Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
•  Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
• Noli – Republic of Noli

O

•  Odanad
• Oman – Imamate of Oman
•  Ossetia
• Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
•   Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

•  Papal States – State of the Church
• Parma – Duchy of Parma
•  Patna – Patna State
•  Piombino – Principality of Piombino
• Poland-Lithuania – Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Prussia – Duchy of Prussia (in personal union with Brandenburg)

R

• Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
•   Russia – Tsardom of Russia
• Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom

S

•  San Marino – Republic of San Marino
• Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
• Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland (in personal union with England)
• Seborga – Principality of Seborga
• Senarica – Republic of Senarica
•  Sennar – Funj sultanate of Sinnar
•  Sonepur – Sonepur State
•  Southern Ming – Great Ming Empire
• Spain – Monarchy of Spain[lower-alpha 1]
•  Suket – Suket State
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
• Sweden – Swedish Empire
•  Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy

T

•  Tarki – Shamkhalate of Tarki
•  Thanjavur – Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom
• Torriglia – Marquisate of Torriglia
• Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
•  Twipra – Twipra Kingdom

U

V

•  Venad
• Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice

W

Y

•  Yarkent – Yarkent Khanate
• Yemen – Zaidi Imamate

Non-sovereign territories

England

• English America

Notes

1. Philip IV sometimes used the title of "King of Spain", but actually ruled over a dynastic union consisting of the Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Valencia, Barcelona, Mallorca, Naples, Sardinia, and Sicily), the Crown of Castile (Castile and León) and the Spanish Netherlands. This empire did not have a national flag in 1648.