List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars

This is a list of Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. For a list of contemporary Arab scientists and engineers see List of modern Arab scientists and engineers

Arab scholars at an Abbasid library in Baghdad. Maqamat of al-Hariri Illustration, 1237.

Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:

  • Al - the
  • Ibn, bin, banu - son of
  • abu, abi - father of, the one with

A

B

C
  • Cosmas (d. 287), Arab physician and saint
  • Calid (d. 704), Umayyad prince and alchemist
  • Callinicus (3rd century), historian, orator, rhetorician and sophist

D

F
  • Fatima al-Fihri (800–880), science patron and founder of the Al Quaraouiyine mosque
  • Fatima bint Musa (790–816), theologian and saint
  • Al-Farahidi (c. 718–791), writer and philologist, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic language, the Kitab al-Ayn
  • Al-Fasi, Abu al-Mahasin (1530–1604), Sufi saint
  • Al-Farghani (d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus
  • Ibn al-Furat (1334–1405), historian
  • Ibn al-Farid (c. 1181–1234), Arabic poet, writer, and philosopher
  • Ibn Fadlan (10th century), writer, traveler, member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars

G

H

I

J
  • Ja'far al-Sadiq (702–765), theologian and alchemist
  • Jabir ibn Aflah (1100–1150), astronomer and mathematician who invented torquetum
  • Jabir ibn Hayyan (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
  • Jābir ibn Zayd (8th century), theologian and jurist
  • Al-Jawaliqi (1074–1144), grammarian and philologist
  • Al-Jahiz (776–869), historian, biologist and author
  • Al-Jayyānī (989–1079), mathematician and author
  • Al-Jawbari (fl. 1222), alchemist and writer
  • Al-Jabali (d. 976), physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus
  • Al-Jubba'i (d. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher
  • Al-Jazari (1136–1206), inventor, engineer, artisan, mathematician
  • Al-Jarmi (d. 840), grammarian of Arabic Language
  • Ibn al-Jazzar (10th century), influential 10th-century physician and author
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (1116–1201), heresiographer, historian, hagiographer and philologist
  • Ibn Juzayy (d. 1357), historian, scholar and writer of poetry
  • Ibn Juljul (c. 944–c. 994), physician and pharmacologist
  • Ibn Jazla (11th century), physician and author of influential treatise on regimen
  • Ibn Jubayr (1145–1217), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals

K

L

M

N

Q

R

S

T

U
  • Usama ibn Munqidh (1095–1188), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
  • Urwah ibn Zubayr (7th century), historian and jurist
  • Umm al-Darda (7th century), jurist and theologian
  • Umm Darda al-Sughra (7th century), jurist and scholar of Islam
  • Umm Farwah (8th century), hadith narrator and saint
  • Al-Uqlidisi (920–980), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
  • Al-Urḍī (d. 1266), astronomer
  • Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270), physician and historian, wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba (Lives of the Physicians)
  • Ibn Uthal (7th century), physician
  • Ibn Umail, (10th century), alchemist and mystic

W
  • Waddah al-Yaman (d. 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems
  • Wasil ibn Ata (700–748), theologian and founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought
  • Al-Warraq (889–994), scholar and critic of religions
  • Al-Wafa'i (1408–1471), astronomer
  • Ibn al-Wafid (997–1074), pharmacologist and physician
  • Ibn al-Wardi (1292–1342), historian
  • Ibn Wahb (743–813 CE), jurist of Maliki school
  • Ibn Wahshiyya (10th century), Arab alchemist and agriculturalist

Y

Z
  • Zayn al-Din al-Amidi (d. 1312 AD), Islamic scholar and inventor
  • Zethos (3rd-century), neoplatonist and disciple of Plotinus
  • Zakariya al-Qazwini (d. 1283), physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer
  • Zakariyya al-Ansari (c. 1420–1520), Islamic scholar and mystic
  • Zayn al-Abidin (659–713), Muslim scholar and Twelver Imam
  • Al-Zahrawi (936–1013), Islam's greatest medieval surgeon, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the Renaissance, considered the "father of surgery", wrote Al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume collection of medical practice
  • Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar (788–870), historian and genealogist
  • Al-Zarqali (1028–1087), mathematician, influential astronomer, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous Tables of Toledo
  • Ibn Zuhr (1091–1161), prominent physician of the Medieval Islamic period
  • Ibn Zafar al Siqilli (1104–1172), Arab-Sicilian philosopher and polymath

Notes

    See also
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