List of people with synesthesia

This is a list of notable people who have claimed to have the neurological condition synesthesia. Following that, there is a list of people who are often wrongly believed to have had synesthesia because they used it as a device in their art, poetry or music (referred to as pseudo-synesthetes).

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Synesthetes
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Name Type Lifespan Country Profession Quote Notes Source
Alessia Cara Multiple b. 1996  Canada Singer-songwriter [1]
Charli XCX Sound to color b. 1992  England Singer-songwriter [2]
Jennifer Cook O'Toole Multiple b. 1975  United States Author [3]
Jack Coulter Sound to color b. 1994  Northern Ireland Artist [4]
Marina Diamandis Multiple b. 1985  Wales Singer-songwriter [5]
Patricia Lynne Duffy Unspecified Unknown Unknown Author Wrote Blue Cats and Chartreuse Kittens, the first book by a synesthete about synesthesia.

Co-founded the American Synesthesia Association.

 [6]
Billie Eilish Multiple b. 2001  United States Singer-songwriter [7]
Duke Ellington Sound to color 1899-1974  United States Composer, pianist, bandleader
David Hockney Multiple b. 1937  England Artist, stage designer, photographer [8]
Greg Jarvis Sound to shape Unknown  Canada Musician Founded the Canadian Synesthesia Association. [9][10]
Billy Joel Multiple b. 1949  United States Singer-songwriter, composer, pianist "[W]hen I think of different types of melodies which are slower or softer, I think in terms of blues or greens ... When I [see] a particularly vivid color, it's usually a strong melodic, strong rhythmic pattern that emerges at the same time. When I think of [these] songs, I think of vivid reds, oranges, or golds." [11][12]
Ash Lieb Unspecified b. 1982  Australia Artist, author, comedian [13]
Bloem de Ligny Multiple b. 1978  Netherlands Singer [14]
Franz Liszt Sound to color 1811-1886  Hungary Composer, pianist "Oh, please, gentlemen, a little bluer, if you please! This key requires it!" [15][16][11]
Lorde Sound to color b. 1996  New Zealand Singer-songwriter [17]
Ida Maria Sound to color b. 1984  Norway Singer-songwriter [18]
Marian McPartland Sound to color 1918-2013  England/ United States Jazz pianist [19]
Bea Miller Sound to color b. 1999  United States Singer-songwriter, actress [20]
Stephanie Morgenstern Multiple b. 1965  Canada Actress, filmmaker [21]
Finneas O'Connell Unspecified b. 1997  United States Musician, record producer, actor [7]
Adil Omar Multiple b. 1991  Pakistan Singer-songwriter, record producer [22]
Itzhak Perlman Sound to shape b. 1945  Israel/ United States Violinist, conductor, music teacher [12]
Osmo Tapio Räihälä Sound to shape b. 1964  Finland Composer [23]
Maggie Rogers Sound to color b. 1994  United States Singer-songwriter, record producer [24]
Jean Sibelius Unspecified 1865-1957  Finland Composer, violinist [11]
Carol Steen Multiple b. 1943  United States Artist Co-founded the American Synesthesia Association. [25][26]
Daniel Tammet Unspecified b. 1979  England Author [27]
Brendon Urie Multiple b. 1987  United States Singer [28]
Sabrina Vlaškalić Multiple 1989-2019  Serbia Classical guitarist [29]
Richard Wagner Sound to color 1813-1883  Germany Composer, theatre director, conductor [12]
Pharrell Williams Sound to color b. 1973  United States Singer, rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer "The ability to see and feel [this way] was a gift given to me that I did not have to have. And if it was taken from me suddenly I'm not sure that I could make music. ... I wouldn't have a measure to understand [it]."[12]

"I thought all kids had mental, visual references for what they were hearing."[12]

 [12][11]

Pseudo-synesthetes

References
  1. "Alessia Cara Discusses Having Synesthesia".
  2. Savage, Mark (12 December 2013). "BBC News - Charli XCX: Pop, punk and synaesthesia". BBC News.
  3. Cook O'Toole, Jennifer (4 December 2018). Autism in Heels: The Untold Story of a Female Life on the Spectrum. ISBN 9781510732858.
  4. "Synesthesia artist Jack Coulter creates 'musical painting' of Glastonbury". 20 June 2016.
  5. "Trust Your Gut: An Interview With Marina and the Diamonds". Rookie. 25 February 2015.
  6. Duffy, Patricia Lynne (2011-04-01). Blue Cats and Chartreuse Kittens: How Synesthetes Color Their Worlds. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9781429928274.
  7. "Billie Eilish Explains How Synesthesia Affects Her Music". www.iheart.com. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  8. see Cytowic, Richard E. 2002. Synaesthesia: a Union of the Senses. Second edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  9. Everett-Green, Robert (Dec 3, 2010). "For Musician With Synaethesia, The Cello Can Sound Too Fury. Or Too Red". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  10. "Life with synesthesia: Toronto man who can see sounds shares his story". Archived 2015-12-08 at the Wayback Machine January 28th 2015, Metro – Toronto Edition.
  11. MITCHELL, KEVIN J. (2018). Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17388-7. JSTOR j.ctvc77m71.
  12. Seaberg, Maureen. Tasting the Universe.
  13. Lieb, Ash. 2015. "Note: 10001". www.ashlieb.com. Retrieved 2019-12-14.
  14. https://twitter.com/bloomdewilde/status/1154801323935584258
  15. Cytowic, Richard E. (2009). Wednesday is indigo blue : discovering the brain of synesthesia. Eagleman, David. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-262-25483-0. OCLC 317116544.
  16. Liu, Annie (Yen-Ling) (2013). "Listening as Gazing: Synaesthesia and the Double Apotheosis in Franz Liszt's "Hunnenschlacht"". Studia Musicologica. 54 (4): 379–388. doi:10.1556/SMus.54.2013.4.4. ISSN 1788-6244. JSTOR 43289733.
  17. Times, Music (2015-10-17). "Lorde Talks Curly Hair, Synesthesia & Wanting to be a Comedian in Tumblr Chat". Music Times. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  18. "Ida Maria". The List. 2008-05-22. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  19. Hasson, Claire. A Discussion Of Marian McPartland's Style Archived 2009-07-23 at the Wayback Machine in Marian McPartland: Jazz Pianist: An Overview of a Career
  20. Kelley, Caitlin (2017-10-10). "Takeover Tuesday: Bea Miller Paints Things 'Yellow' With Upbeat EP-Inspired Playlist". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
  21. see Raskin, Richard. 2003. An interview with Stephanie Morgenstern and Mark Ellis on Remembrance. P.O.V., A Danish Journal of Film Studies; number 15 (March): 170-184.
  22. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1763348/4-need-talk-adil-omar/
  23. http://www.sikorski.de/media/files/1/13/27/10031/sikorski_magazin_4_2015.pdf
  24. "Pharrell Williams Masterclass with Students at NYU Clive Davis Institute".
  25. Steen, C. (2001). "Visions Shared: A Firsthand Look into Synesthesia and Art" (PDF). Leonardo. MIT Press. 34 (3): 203–208. doi:10.1162/002409401750286949.
  26. "American Synesthesia Association Official website". American Synesthesia Association. November 19, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  27. Tammet, Daniel. 2006. "Born on a Blue Day." London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.
  28. Spanos, Brittany; Spanos, Brittany (2016-01-15). "Panic! at the Disco: Band Is 'Outlet for Nonchalant Chaos'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  29. classicalguitarmagazine.com https://classicalguitarmagazine.com/sabrina-vlaskalics-early-struggles-give-way-to-new-confidence/. Retrieved 2019-12-20. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. Dann, Kevin T. 1998. Bright Colors Falsely Seen: Synaesthesia and the Search for Transcendental Knowledge. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  31. B. M. Galeyev and I. L. Vanechkina (August 2001). "Was Scriabin a Synesthete?". Leonardo; Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 357 - 362.
  32. Scriabin, Alexander. 1995(1911). "Poem of Ecstasy" and "Prometheus: Poem of Fire". New York: Dover.
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