List of observances set by the Hebrew calendar
All observances begin at sunset the day prior to the Gregorian date listed unless otherwise noted, and end on nightfall of the date in question, which is defined as the appearance of three stars in the sky. On leap years (which occur every 2–3 years) an extra month, Adar II, is added and certain holidays move accordingly, and it is mentioned in the notes section. All fasts other than Yom Kippur and Tisha b'Av begin at dawn of the day listed.
Holidays for the Jewish calendar year of 5780 (2019–2020)
Yom tov for the Three Pilgrimage Festivals (Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot) is observed for 1 day in Israel and in Reform and most Reconstructionist communities around the world, and is observed for 2 days in Orthodox and most Conservative communities outside Israel, because of yom tov sheni shel galuyot. In the table, these are referred to as 1-day and 2-day communities.
| Date on Hebrew calendar | Gregorian date | Hebrew Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2 Tishrei | September 30-October 1, 2019 | Rosh Hashanah | Public holiday in Israel | |
| 1-10 Tishrei | September 30 - October 9, 2019 | Ten Days of Repentance | ||
| 3 Tishrei | October 2, 2019 | Fast of Gedalia | Public holiday in Israel, changes to Tishrei 4 when Tishrei 3 is Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| Movable | October 5, 2019 | Shabbat Shuvah (Sabbath of Return, or Sabbath of Repentance) | Shabbat between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur | |
| 9 Tishrei | October 8, 2019 | Erev Yom Kippur | Yom Kippur Eve | |
| 10 Tishrei | October 9, 2019 | Yom Kippur | Public holiday in Israel. Unlike other fasting days, this does not move to avoid interfering with Shabbat. | |
| 14 Tishrei | October 13, 2019 | Erev Sukkot | Sukkot Eve | |
| 15-21 Tishrei | October 14-October 20, 2019 | Sukkot | One of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals, public holiday in Israel | |
| 16-21 Tishrei (1-day communities) / 17-21 Tishrei (2-day communities) | October 15-20, 2019(1-day communities) / October 16-21, 2019 (2-day communities) | Chol HaMoed Sukkot | Public holiday in Israel. Seharane is celebrated by Kurdish Jews during this time, but only in the State of Israel. Outside of Israel Seharane is celebrated after Passover. | |
| Movable | October 19, 2019 | Shabbat Chol Hamoed Sukkot | ||
| 21 Tishrei | October 20, 2019 | Hoshanah Rabbah | ||
| 22 Tishrei | October 21, 2019 | Shemini Atzeret | Public holiday in Israel. Includes Simchat Torah in 1-day communities. | |
| 23 Tishrei | October 22, 2019 | Simchat Torah | 2-day communities only | |
| Movable | October 26, 2019 | Shabbat Mevorchim | Shabbat preceding and beginning a week containing a Rosh Chodesh | |
| 1 Cheshvan | October 29, 2019 | Rosh Chodesh of Cheshvan | ||
| Movable | November 4, 2019 | Bahab | First Monday of Cheshvan, (optional) | |
| 7 Cheshvan | November 4, 2019 | V'tein Tal u-Matar ("Deliver Dew and Rain") | This is a prayer added to the Shemoneh Esrei prayers in Israel. If no rain has fallen by the 17th of Cheshvan, special prayers are added for rain [1] | |
| 7 Cheshvan | November 4, 2019 | Yom HaAliyah | Observed in Israeli schools on 7 Cheshvan with 10 Nisan being the public holiday in Israel. | |
| Movable | November 7, 2019 | Bahab | First Thursday of Cheshvan after the first Monday, (optional) | |
| 12 Cheshvan | November 10, 2019 | Rabin Day | Public holiday in Israel | |
| Movable | November 11, 2019 | Bahab | Monday following first Thursday of Cheshvan, (optional) | |
| Movable | November 23, 2019 | Shabbat Mevorchim | Shabbat preceding and beginning a week containing a Rosh Chodesh | |
| 29 Cheshvan | November 27, 2019 | Sigd | Public holiday in Israel | |
| 1 Kislev | November 29, 2019 | Rosh Chodesh of Kislev | In years when Cheshvan has 30 days, this also includes 30 Cheshvan. | |
| 1 Kislev | November 29, 2019 | 1 Kislev | Non Rosh Chodesh related observance, Chabad sect only | |
| 6 Kislev | December 4, 2019 | Ben-Gurion Day | Public holiday in Israel | |
| 9 Kislev | December 7, 2019 | 9 Kislev | Chabad sect only | |
| 10 Kislev | December 8, 2019 | 10 Kislev | Chabad sect only | |
| 19 Kislev | December 17, 2019 | 19 Kislev | Chabad sect only | |
| 23 Kislev | December 21, 2019 | Teacher's Day in Israel | ||
| Movable | December 21, 2019 | Shabbat Mevorchim | Shabbat preceding and beginning a week containing a Rosh Chodesh | |
| 25 Kislev— 2 Tevet | December 23-30, 2019 | Hanukkah | Public holiday in Israel. Ends 3 Tevet if Kislev is short. | |
| 1 Tevet | December 28, 2019 | Rosh Chodesh of Tevet | ||
| 5 Tevet | January 2, 2020 | 5 Tevet | Chabad sect only | |
| 10 Tevet | January 7, 2020 | Tenth of Tevet | Public holiday in Israel | |
| Movable | January 25, 2020 | Shabbat Mevorchim | Shabbat preceding and beginning a week containing a Rosh Chodesh | |
| 29 Tevet | January 26, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat.Starts at dawn. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Shevat | January 27, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Shevat | ||
| 10 Shevat | February 5, 2020 | 10 Shevat | Chabad sect only | |
| Movable | February 8, 2020 | Shabbat Shirah | Shabbat that falls on or before Tu BiShvat | |
| 15 Shevat | February 10, 2020 | Tu BiShvat | Public holiday in Israel | |
| 22 Shevat | February 17, 2020 | 22 Shevat | Chabad sect only | |
| Movable | February 22, 2020 | Shabbat Shekalim | Shabbat on or before Rosh Chodesh Adar (or Adar II in leap years) | |
| 29 Shevat | February 24, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Adar | February 25, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Adar | ||
| 7 Adar | March 3, 2020 | Seventh of Adar | Starts at dawn. On Adar II on leap years, Adar I on non-leap years | |
| 14 Adar | Not celebrated this year. | Purim Katan | Minor Purim celebration on Adar I during leap years. Purim itself is celebrated in Adar II. | |
| Movable | March 7, 2020 | Shabbat Zachor | Shabbat immediately preceding Purim. On leap years, this falls on the 1st of Adar II, or on the 1st of Adar II itself if it is Shabbat. Adar I on non-leap years. | |
| 13 Adar | March 9, 2020 | Fast of Esther | Public holiday in Israel. Starts at dawn. Can be moved to avoid conflict with the Sabbath. On Adar II on leap years, Adar I on non-leap years. | |
| 14 Adar | March 10, 2020 | Purim | Public holiday in Israel On Adar II on leap years, Adar I on non-leap years. | |
| 15 Adar | March 11, 2020 | Shushan Purim | On Adar II on leap years, Adar I on non-leap years. | |
| Movable | March 14, 2020 | Shabbat Parah | Shabbat preceding Shabbat HaChodesh | |
| Movable | March 21, 2020 | Shabbat HaChodesh | Shabbat on or immediately preceding Rosh Chodesh of Nisan | |
| 29 Adar | March 25, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Nisan | March 26, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Nisan | This is also the New Year for the reigns of Jewish kings (in line with the national emphasis of the season), the renting of houses, and the counting involved in the prohibition against delaying the fulfillment of vows.[2] | |
| Movable | April 4, 2020 | Shabbat HaGadol | Shabbat immediately preceding Passover | |
| 10 Nisan | April 4, 2020 | Yom HaAliyah | Public holiday in Israel | |
| 11 Nisan | April 5, 2020 | 11 Nisan | (Chabad sect only) | |
| 11 Nisan | April 6, 2020 | Education and Sharing Day | United States | |
| 14 Nisan | April 8, 2020 | Fast of the Firstborn | on 12 Nisan when the 14th falls on Sabbath | |
| 15-21 Nisan (1-day communities) / 15-22 Nisan (2-day communities) | April 9-April 15, 2020/April 9-April 16, 2020 | Passover | Public holiday in Israel. One of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals. | |
| 16-20 Nisan (1-day communities) / 17-20 Nisan (2-day communities) | April 10-14, 2019/ April 11-14, 2019 | Chol HaMoed Pesach | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| Movable | April 11, 2019 | Shabbat Chol Hamoed Pesach | ||
| 21 Nisan | April 15, 2019 | Shvi'i shel Pesach | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 22 Nisan (1-day communities) / 23 Nisan (2-day communities) | April 16, 2019/ April 17, 2019 | Mimouna | Public holiday in Israel | |
| 16 Nisan - 5 Sivan | April 9-May, 28, 2020 | Counting the Omer | ||
| 23 Nisan | April 18, 2019 | Seharane | Seharane is celebrated by Kurdish Jews outside of Israel on this date. In the state of Israel, it is celebrated on Chol HaMoed Sukkot. (see entry for that holiday) | |
| 23 Nisan (22 Nisan within Israel) | April 18, 2019 (April 17, 2019) | Shab Shal | Iranian Jews, end of Passover holiday. | |
| Movable | April 18, 2019 | Shabbat Mevorchim | Shabbat preceding and beginning a week containing a Rosh Chodesh | |
| Movable | April 19-April 26, 2020 | Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust | United States, Sunday before Yom Hashoah to following Sunday | |
| 27 Nisan | April 20, 2020 | Yom HaShoah | Public holiday in Israel. Moved to 26 or 28 Nisan when the 27th falls on Friday or Sunday respectively, interfering with Shabbat. | |
| 1 Iyar | April 24, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Iyar | ||
| 2 Iyar | April 25, 2020 | 2 Iyar | Chabad sect only. | |
| 4 Iyar | April 27, 2020 | Yom Hazikaron | Public holiday in Israel. Might be moved to avoid conflict with Independence Day (Israel) or Shabbat. | |
| 5 Iyar | April 28, 2020 | Day to Praise | Same day as Independence Day (Israel), see next entry. | |
| 5 Iyar | April 28, 2020 | Independence Day (Israel) | Public holiday in Israel. Might be moved to avoid conflict with Yom Hazikaron or Shabbat. | |
| First Monday of Iyar | May 4, 2020 | Bahab | (optional) | |
| 10 Iyar | May 4, 2020 | Herzl Day | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| First Thursday of Iyar | May 7, 2020 | Bahab | (optional) | |
| Monday following first Thursday of Iyar | May 11, 2020 | Bahab | (optional) | |
| 14 Iyar | May 8, 2020 | Pesach Sheni | ||
| 18 Iyar | May 12, 2020 | Lag Ba'omer | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 28 Iyar | May 21, 2020 | Fast of Samuel | Fast is optional and is generally only observed by Chevra kadisha | |
| 28 Iyar | May 21, 2020 | Jerusalem Day | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 29 Iyar | May 22, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Sivan | May 24, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Sivan | ||
| 6 Sivan (1-day communities) / 6-7 Sivan (2-day communities) | May 29, 2020/ May 29-30, 2020 | Shavuot | One of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals. Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 20 Sivan | June 12, 2020 | Fast of the Khmelnytsky massacres | Not widely observed | |
| 29 Sivan | June 21, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Tammuz | June 22, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Tammuz | ||
| 3 Tammuz | June 25, 2020 | 3 Tammuz | Chabad sect only | |
| 12-13 Tammuz | July 4-5, 2020 | 12-13 Tammuz | Chabad sect only | |
| 17 Tammuz | July 9, 2020 | Seventeenth of Tammuz | Can be moved to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 17 Tammuz - 9 Av | July 9-July 30, 2020 | The Three Weeks | ||
| 29 Tammuz | July 21, 2020 | Jabotinsky Day | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 29 Tammuz | July 21, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Av | July 22, 2020 | Rosh Chodesh of Av | ||
| 1 Av - 9 Av | July 22-July 30, 2020 | The Nine Days | ||
| 3 Av | July 24, 2020 | Feast of the First Fruits of Wine | From the Dead Sea Scrolls not celebrated by any modern Jewish sect | |
| Movable | July 25, 2020 | Shabbat Chazon | Shabbat immediately prior to Tisha B'Av | |
| 9 Av | July 30, 2020 | Tisha B'Av | Public holiday in Israel | |
| Movable | August 1, 2020 | Shabat Nachamu | Shabbat immediately following Tisha B'av | |
| 15 Av | August 5, 2020 | Tu B'Av | Public holiday in Israel. | |
| 30 Av | August 20, 2020 | Yom Kippur Katan | Optional. If Yom Kippur Katan falls on a Friday or Saturday, it is moved to the preceding Thursday to avoid interfering with Shabbat. Starts at dawn. | |
| 1 Elul | August 21, 2020 | Rosh Hashanah LaBehema and Rosh Chodesh of Elul | ||
| 15 Elul | September 4, 2020 | 15 Elul | Chabad sect only | |
| 18 Elul | September 7, 2020 | Chai Elul | Chabad sect only | |
| Movable | September 12, 2020 | Leil Selichot prayers begin under Ashkenazic tradition | These prayers begin on the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah. If, however, the first day of Rosh Hashanah falls on Monday or Tuesday, the prayers are begun the Saturday night prior to ensure that Selichot are recited at least four times. | |
| 29 Elul | September 18, 2020 | Erev Rosh Hashanah | ||
Non-annual observances
- Jewish calendar year 5782 - Shmita - September 7, 2021 - September 25, 2022 (Observed every seven years)[3]
- Jewish calendar year 5783 - Hakhel - Observed every seven years, comes after Shimita year.
- Purim Meshulash - Rare calendar occurrence when Purim in Jerusalem falls on Shabbat. The next time this will happen is 2021.[4]
- Purim Katan - Minor Purim celebration on Adar I during leap years. Purim itself is celebrated in Adar II. The next time this will happen is the Jewish year 5782, on February 14, 2022.[5]
- 23 Nisan 5797 - Birkat Hachama - April 8, 2037 (Observed every 28 years)
References
External links
- https://www.myzmanim.com/search.aspx, Myzmanim, a Halachic sunset and nightfall calculator for time zone
- http://www.hebcal.com/hebcal
- http://www.chabad.org/calendar/
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