List of massacres in Cyprus

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Cyprus:

Name Date Location Deaths Perpetrators Notes
Jewish massacre of Greeks.[1] 117 CE mainly Salamis 240,000 Jewish rebels After the revolt had been fully defeated, laws were created forbidding any Jews to live on the island. See Kitos War
Massacre in Lefkara 1570 Lefkara 400 Republic of Venice against Cypriots of village[2][3]
Massacre in Nicosia[4] September 9, 1570 Nicosia 16,000[5]-20,000 Ottoman army The city was looted following its fall to Ottomans, the figure is an estimation of deaths, mostly Greek-Cypriot deaths.
9 July Massacre[6] July 9, 1821 Nicosia 470 Ottoman army Hundreds of prominent Greek-Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed by the Ottoman Turks.
June 1958 Attacks on Greek-Cypriots June 1958 Nicosia Total number of Greek-Cypriot deaths unknown. Turkish Cypriots Turkish Cypriots rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned stores and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of segregation of the two communities.[7] On 7 June 1958 a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On June 26, 1984 the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension.[8][9] On January 9, 1995 Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.[10]
Geunyeli Massacre of Greek-Cypriots June 12, 1958 Geunyeli 8 Turkish Cypriot Civilians On June 12, 1958, eight Greek-Cypriots were killed by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, after having being ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos[11]
Bloody Christmas December 21–31, 1963 Nicosia 497-538 Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot militia 18,667 Turkish Cypriots from different villages abandoned the island. 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed.[12] 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 104 villages, amounting to a quarter of the Turkish Cypriot population, were displaced and forced to live in enclaves on an area of land encompassing 3% of the island, and were blockaded by the Greek and Greek Cypriot militia.[13][14][15][16][17] 1,200 Armenian Cypriots and 500 Greek Cypriots were also displaced. Thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were looted, burned down and destroyed.[13][14]
Massacre in Famagusta May 12, 1964 Famagusta 17 Greek Cypriot militia The event happened as an act of revenge for the killing of 2 Cypriot soldiers and 1 police in city at 11 May.[18][19]
Massacre in Akrotiri and Dhekelia May 13, 1964 Akrotiri and Dhekelia 11 Greek Cypriot police forces and civilians The event happened as an act of revenge for the killing of 2 Cypriot soldiers and 1 police in Famagusta at 11 May.[20][18]
Massacre in Alaminos[21] July 20, 1974 Alaminos 13 or 14[22][23] Greek Cypriot militia 183 Turkish Cypriots and 350 Greek Cypriots used to live in town before massacre
Massacre in Sysklipos[24] August 3, 1974 Sysklipos 14 Turkish Cypriot militia and Turkish army 14 Greek Cypriots were killed in a house and buried in a mass grave on August 3, and those who remained at the village disappeared on August 26, they are still missing
Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre August 14, 1974 Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda 126 EOKA B Almost all Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of the villages were killed and their bodies battered, see the relevant article
Tochni massacre[25] August 14, 1974 Tochni 84 EOKA B EOKA B took 85 hostages from the village of Tochni and the nearby village of Zygi, mainly men and minor boys from the age of 13, to the village of Palodia for execution with automatic guns. One of them managed to escape.[26][27][28][29][28][30][25][31][19]
Massacre in Prastio August 16, 1974 Prastio, Famagusta 8 Turkish Cypriot militia and Turkish army Execution of eight civilians taken prisoner by Turkish soldiers[32]
Massacres of the people of Asha August, 1974 Unknown, Sinta 83-84 Turkish Cypriot militia and Turkish army 17-18 men taken as prisoners of war to Sinta and shot there. Other villagers were deported in two buses and shot on the way back from the police headquarters in Nicosia. Total number of missing from the village is given as 83-84.[33][34][35]
Massacre in Eptakomi[36] August, 1974 Eptakomi 12 Turkish Cypriot militia and Turkish army 12 Greek Cypriots found in a mass grave executed with their hands tied
Massacre in Angolemi[37] August, 1974 Angolemi 5 Greek Cypriot militia A family of three (father, mother and teenage daughter) and two men killed
Massacres in northern region of Cyprus August, 1974 northern Cyprus 2000-4000 Turkish Army and Turkish Cypriot Militia [38][39]Greek-Cypriot civilians (including women and children) were tortured and murdered by the Turkish Army and Turkish Cypriot Militia.[40] The European commission of Human Rights with 12 votes against 1, accepted evidence from the Republic of Cyprus, concerning the rapes of various Greek-Cypriot women by Turkish soldiers and the torture of many Greek-Cypriot prisoners during the invasion of the island.[41][42] The high rate of rape resulted in the temporary permission of abortion in Cyprus by the conservative Cypriot Orthodox Church.[43][44][45]

References

  1. JewishEncyclopedia.com - CYPRUS, Dio Cassius, lxviii. 32
  2. Hill, George, "The Church under the Turks (1571–1878)", A History of Cyprus, Cambridge University Press, pp. 305–400, ISBN 978-0-511-75173-8, retrieved 2020-03-25
  3. "A History of Cyprus. By Sir <italic>George Hill</italic>. Volumes II and III. (New York: Cambridge University Press. 1948. Pp. xl, 496; vi, 497–1198. $23.50 per set.)". The American Historical Review. July 1949. doi:10.1086/ahr/54.4.865. ISSN 1937-5239.
  4. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division,Library of Congress.
  5. Hopkins, T.C.F. (2007). Confrontation at Lepanto: Christendom vs. Islam. Macmillan. p. 82. ISBN 9781466841499. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  6. "Cyprus - OTTOMAN RULE". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
  7. Crawshaw, Nancy. (1978). The Cyprus revolt : an account of the struggle for union with Greece. London: Boston. ISBN 0-04-940053-3. OCLC 4664535.
  8. Arif Hasan Tahsin. "He Anodos Tou _Denktas Sten Koryphe". January, 2001. ISBN 9963-7738-6-9
  9. 'Denktash admits Turks initiated Cyprus intercommunal violence': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1tUGnWqw2M
  10. "Denktaş'tan şok açıklama". Milliyet (in Turkish). 9 January 1995.
  11. The Outbreak of Communal Strife, 1958 Archived November 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The Guardian, London.
  12. Oberling, Pierre (1982). The road to Bellapais: The Turkish Cypriot exodus to northern Cyprus. p. 120. ISBN 978-0880330008.
  13. "REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN CYPRUS" (PDF). United Nations. 10 September 1964. Retrieved 17 December 2018. The trade of the Turkish community had considerably declined during the period, due to the existing situation, and unemployment reached a very high level as approximately 25,000 Turkish Cypriots had become refugees.
  14. Bryant, Rebecca (2012). Displacement in Cyprus Consequences of Civil and Military Strife Report 2 Life Stories: Turkish Cypriot Community (PDF). Oslo: PRIO Cyprus Centre. pp. 5–15.
  15. Hoffmeister, Frank (2006). Legal aspects of the Cyprus problem: Annan Plan and EU accession. EMartinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 17–20. ISBN 978-90-04-15223-6.
  16. Risini, Isabella (2018). The Inter-State Application under the European Convention on Human Rights: Between Collective Enforcement of Human Rights and International Dispute Settlement. BRILL. p. 117. ISBN 9789004357266.
  17. Smit, Anneke (2012). The Property Rights of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: Beyond Restitution. Routledge. p. 51.
  18. "Rumlardan 44 yıl sonra gelen 'Kıbrıs' itirafı". Fikriyat Gazetesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-24.
  19. "Katliam emrini Rum Genelkurmay'ı vermiş". CNN Türk (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-24.
  20. sabah, daily (2018-08-08). "'Kill 10 Turks for each slain Greek,' Greek Cypriot forces told amid pre-division violence". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  21. Documents Officiels, United Nations Security Council, p. 82: "Alaminos village has already been in the news because a massacre of 13 Turkish Cypriots was discovered there"
  22. Impact: International Fortnightly, Volumes 4-6: Fourteen Turkish Cypriots were murdered at the village of Alaminos on 20 July.
  23. Massacre of Turks alleged (St. Petersburg Times, 29 July 1974)
  24. Uludağ, Sevgül. Stories from Agios Vasilios, Shilloura and Sysklipos… (published in Politis newspaper on 10 February 2013).
  25. Paul Sant Cassia, Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84545-228-5, Massacre&f=false p. 61.
  26. Δημητρίου, Μάριος (21 August 2016). "Μια παλιά μαρτυρία στην Τόχνη". sigmalive.com. Sigma Live. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  27. Δημητρίου, Μάριος (20 March 2014). "Κηδεύτηκαν έξι Τουρκοκύπριοι της Τόχνης". sigmalive.com. Sigma Live. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  28. "Τουρκοκύπριος συγκλονίζει: Έτσι έγινε η σφαγή της Τόχνης". Πρώτο Θέμα.
  29. Κουκουμάς, Γιώργος (2 August 2015). "Σφαγές Τ/κ από τον ελληνοκυπριακό φασισμό". Διάλογος. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  30. "Remembering the Tochni Massacre". T-Vine. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  31. Gisela Welz,European Products: Making and Unmaking Heritage in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2015, ISBN 9781782388234 p. 53
  32. lobbyforcyprus (2017-08-14). "'The terrible secrets of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus'". Lobby for Cyprus blog. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
  33. Uludağ, Sevgül. "The story of Assia (Pasakoy) and Afanya (Gazikoy)". Hamamböcüleri Journal.
  34. "European Parliament resolution on mass graves of the missing persons of Ashia at Ornithi village in the occupied part of Cyprus (2015/2551(RSP))". European Parliament. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  35. "Protest for the missing of Assia". Cyprus Mail. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  36. Guardian, Bones don't speak. (published in Guardian newspaper).
  37. Records: Volume 1, Part 1-Volume 3, Part 1, UNESCO, p. 319
  38. Encyclopedia of U.S. foreign relations. Jentleson, Bruce W., 1951-, Paterson, Thomas G., 1941-, Ριζόπουλος, Νικόλας Χ. New York: Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-19-511055-2. OCLC 34557986.CS1 maint: others (link)
  39. Jaques, Tony. (2007). Dictionary of battles and sieges : a guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the Twenty-first century. Showalter, Dennis E. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. OCLC 68786744.
  40. Coufoudakis, Van (1982). "Cyprus and the European Convention on Human Rights: The Law and Politics of Cyprus v. Turkey, Applications 6780/74 and 6950/75". Human Rights Quarterly. 4 (4): 450. doi:10.2307/762205. ISSN 0275-0392.
  41. European Commission of Human Rights, "Report of the Commission to Applications 6780/74 and 6950/75", Council of Europe, 1976, p. 120,124., Link from Internet Archive
  42. "APPLICATIONS/REQUÉTES N° 6780/74 6 N° 6950/75 CYPRUS v/TURKEY CHYPRE c/TURQUI E" (PDF). Government of Cyprus.
  43. "Cyprus v. Turkey - HUDOC". ECHR.
  44. Grewal, Inderpal (1994). Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices. University of Minnesota Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780816621385.
  45. Emilianides, Achilles C.; Aimilianidēs, Achilleus K. (2011). Religion and Law in Cyprus. Kluwer Law International. p. 179. ISBN 9789041134387.
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