List of main infrastructure projects in Indonesia

This list of main infrastructure projects in Indonesia includes recently completed projects, activities reported being under way, and main projects which have been announced as likely to start in the near future.

Suramadu Bridge, one of Indonesia's major infrastructure projects

Introduction

Three points may be noted about this list.

  1. Individual projects. The list includes individual projects rather than broader programs that combine many projects. However the distinction between projects and programs is not always clear. For example, the Trans-Java toll road consists of many individual activities each of which might be considered as small individual projects. However, the construction of the toll road is often referred to in the media and by government officials as a project. It has therefore been considered a single project for the purposes of this list. On the other hand, the Indonesian government has announced two 10,000 MW 'fast track' electricity generation investment programs. These programs clearly consist of a wide range of individual large and small projects and so the two fast track electricity programs have not been listed as individual projects here.
  2. Delays. As in common in many countries, it is often the case in Indonesia that projects take longer than originally expected to get underway. And some projects do not proceed beyond an encouraging announcement phase. Projects listed below as 'proposed' are significant projects (broadly speaking, over US$1 billion) which appear to have some reasonable prospect of proceeding within the foreseeable future.
  3. Masterplan. As a background to the list, most projects listed here are mentioned in the significant Indonesian government's Masterplan 2011-2015[1] (MP3EI) released in May 2011. The Masterplan amounts to an outline of investment plans in the infrastructure sector. A comprehensive list of potential projects is listed in the appendix to the Masterplan although in most cases the source of investment funding is not specified.

Currently underway

Jakarta-Bandung and Jakarta-Surabaya high-speed rail
Main article: High-speed rail in Indonesia

Estimated cost: around $US 5.5 billion

  • March 2012: It was reported that the Japanese Government had agreed to funded a feasibility study into the possibility of constructing a super-express train to travel between Jakarta and Bandung (144 km) in as little as 30 minutes. At that time, the trip normally took around three hours. The feasibility study was expected to take perhaps two years to prepare. The completion date of the project was ambitiously mentioned as being perhaps 2017 or 2018.[2]
  • August 2015: During 2015, there was extensive discussion in the Indonesian media about vying bids between Japan and China to support the construction of the project. It was suggested that senior officials in the Indonesian Government were leaning towards favouring the Chinese project.[3] President Jokowi later announced that the Chinese proposal was preferred.
  • January 2016: It was announced that the government's plan to begin the construction of the high-speed train would kick off later in the month. The plan was for the construction to begin later in 2016 and be finished by 2018.[4]
  • August 2016: The Minister for State-Owned Enterprises, Rini Soemarno, said that the process of issuing permits for the project was running smoothly after earlier delays. She said that she believed that construction on the railway could start within a week.

Trans-Java toll road

Estimated cost: Rp 51.6 trillion (around $US 5.5 billion) for 619 km.[5]

The idea of a trans-Java toll road stretching from the ports of Banyuwangi in the province of East Java to Merak in Banten province in the west of Java has been under discussion in Indonesia for many years. There were plans to get the project underway during the 1990s but work was put on hold following the impact of the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis in Indonesia. The length of the major highway road is mentioned, variously, at between 800 km to over 1,100 km depending on precisely which subsections of the overall activity are said to be included. There are usually at least 20 subsections listed as part of the overall project. The status of the subsections currently (early 2013) ranges from operational to still in the planning stage. Land acquisition is often a major problem. There are frequent reports in the national press of land acquisition programs for various sub-projects within the overall scheme.[6] The cost of constructing the major part of the toll road (619 km) is listed in the Indonesian government's Masterplan 2011-2015[1] (MP3EI, p. 199) as Rp 51.6 trillion (around $US 5.5 billion).

  • Sept 2012: Ministry of Public Works officials were reported in the national press as saying that land acquisition and associated financial problems were holding up various sub-projects within the total toll road. It was reported that of a planned 615 km under construction, land acquisition had been arranged for 53% of the total. In principle, the remaining time for project completion was two years but in some cases, the process of land acquisition was completely stalled.[7]
  • Mar 2013: The Public Works Minister, Djoko Kirmanto, said that construction of the nine main segments of the road would certainly not be finished by the end of 2014. He said that there were still various delays in implementing the project. Of the total length of 650 km planned for the road segments currently included in the overall project, only 62.3 km had so far been built.

Trans-Sumatra toll road

Estimated cost: Rp 351 trillion (around $US 36 billion)

The plan is to construct a trans-Sumatra toll road from Banda Aceh at the northern tip of Sumatra to the province of Lampung in the south, a distance of perhaps around 2,000 km or more (depending on the route chosen). The plan is to begin the large project with the construction of a 22-km stretch from Palembang to Indralaya in the province of South Sumatra beginning in March 2013. The state-owned construction firm PT Hutama Karya[8] has been appointed by the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises][9] to begin work on the overall project of constructing the overall toll road.[10]

  • March 2013: It was announced that construction was expected to start during 2013. State-owned construction firm PT Hutama Karya was waiting for the government to issue an official regulation of appointment to carry out the project. Expected date of completion was said to be 2015.[11]
  • End 2013: Progress was reported to be slow. Officials were still waiting for the president to sign a Presidential Regulation (Keppres or Keputusan President) to speed up processes for the construction of the project. Land acquisition, especially, had been very slow.
  • Early 2018:: New toll roads have been opened in Lampung, South Sumatra, and North Sumatra provinces. Ongoing constructions are also taking place in Riau and West Sumatra provinces. Land acquisition is being performed in Aceh for its first toll road project.

Central Java coal-power plant

Estimated cost: Around $4 billion. Listed in the Indonesian government MP3EI Masterplan (p. 197) at Rp 26 trill over the period 2013 to 2019.

The Indonesian firm PT Bhimasena Power Indonesia (BPI) is developing the project, and ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant, in Batang Regency, near Pekalongan. The plant, which will have a capacity of 2,000 MW, is scheduled to begin commercial operations in 2017. A consortium of J-Power, Itochu Corporation of Japan, and the coal-mining firm PT Adaro Energy Tbk, will build the plant.[12] The plant will be an IPP (independent power producer) and power will be sold to the PLN. The project was initially due to be completed by end-2016. Initial planning work was done with support of the International Finance Corporation. The cost of the initial planning work is expected to be recouped from successful contractors. The state Indonesian Infrastructure Guarantee Fund[13] is reported to have agreed to provide financial guarantees to the investors covering financial risks if PLN fails to meet its financial obligations.[14]

  • Oct 2011: Official documents launching the project[15] were signed in a conference in the Office of the Coordinating Ministry of Economics on 6 October 2011 in the presence of a number of senior ministers and other senior officials representing relevant parties. It was announced that the plant was the first project to be implemented on the basis of Presidential Regulation No 67/2005 concerning Government Cooperation with Business Entities in Supplying Infrastructure.
  • Oct 2012: It was reported that the start of the project would be delayed because of an extended environmental assessment and protests by local residents who oppose the plant. Availability of financing is expected to be delayed by at least one year thus pushing back the start-up of the plant to end-2017.[16]
  • Jan 2013: Meetings were held at the ministerial level to try to overcome factors delaying the construction of the plant.[17]
  • May 2013: A senior official from the Office of the Coordinating Economic Ministry confirmed that the plant would go ahead despite strong protests from local groups. He said that 186 ha of the total of 226 ha needed had already been acquired and that negotiations for the remaining land needed were proceeding.[18]

Jakarta MRT (Mass Rapid Transit)

Estimated cost: varies from Rp 15.5 trillion (around US$1.7 billion) to Rp 23 trillion (around US$2.3 billion)

The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit Project mainly consists of the planned construction of a series (three phases) of MRT rail links across Jakarta.

First phase will be a 15.5 kilometer North-South corridor with 13 stations. The plan is to construct a central MRT station with a line running from Lebak Bulus (South Jakarta) to the Hotel Indonesia traffic circle (Central Jakarta). Initial plans are for six underground stations and seven above-ground stations.[19] Groundbreaking is expected to take place during 2013. The project was originally said to be targeted for completion in late 2016 although more recently a target date of 2018 has been mentioned. The project has support from the Japanese government and major Japanese construction firms have been showing interest in bidding for sections of the activity. Funding will be initially provided from a Yen 120 billion ($US 1.4 billion) soft loan from JICA.[20]

Second phase, it is expected that the line will be extended northwards (with an estimated length of around 8 km through Harmoni and Kota to Kampung Bandan in North Jakarta)

Third phase is the east-west line that will connect Tangerang to Bekasi and will connect to second phase in Kebon Sirih station, Central Jakarta.

  • April 2012: One of the main firms involved in the project, PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta,[21] announced the letting of contracts for the procurement of rolling stock (96 cars).
  • Late 2012: After he took office in October, the new governor of Jakarta Joko Widodo put the MRT project on hold. The governor called for a review of the project. He argued that the project was over-priced and that if it went ahead, the Indonesian central government needed to provide additional financial support.[22] The governor also said that he wanted the two main consortiums bidding for the project—one mainly consisting of private sector firms and the other mainly made up of state-owned firms—to join together into a single consortium. However, previous attempts to arrange this sort of cooperation on the project had not been successful and some of the main firms indicated that they were not willing to adopt the governor's suggestion.[23]
  • December 2012: Jakarta Mayor Joko Widodo announced that after a review, the project would go ahead. He listed it as one of the priority projects in the Jakarta city budget for 2013.[24]
  • May 2013: Jakarta Mayor Joko Widodo officially launched further arrangements to build the MRT. It was announced that tenders for the first three out of a total of eight work packages had been awarded. A consortium consisting of Shimizu-Obayashi-Wijaya Karya-Java Konstruksi had won tenders to build two underground stations. A consortium consisting of Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Company-Hutama Karya had one the third tender.[25]

Jakarta LRT and Greater Jakarta LRT
Main article: Jakarta LRT
Main article: Greater Jakarta LRT

Estimated cost: Rp 23.8 trillion rupiah (1.8 billion US dollar).[26]

The Jakarta light rail transit system is planned to connect Jakarta city centre with suburbans in Greater Jakarta such as Bekasi and Bogor.[27]

First phase of LRT is planned to include three lines:[28] Cibubur-Cawang - Dukuh Atas: 24.2 km (Phase 1A), and Bekasi Timur - Cawang: 17.9 km (Phase 1B). Construction Phase I began on September 9, 2015 and will be finished by 2021.[29]

Second phase will extent the first phase lines: Cibubur-Bogor Baranangsiang, Dukuh Atas-Palmerah-Senayan, and Palmerah-Grogol. The construction phase of extension for the planned route from Grogol - Pesing - Rawa Buaya - Kamal Raya - Dadap - Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is proposed, but was not mentioned in Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 98 Tahun 2015.[30]

  • September 2015: A groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 9, 2015, with the first phase of the construction will connect Harjamukti in Depok with Dukuh Atas in downtown Central Jakarta, passing through Cawang intersection. This phase will be 42.1 kilometers long, which include 18 stations, and expected to be opened to the public by the first half of 2018, prior of 2018 Asian Games.[31]

Proposed

Trans-Sumatra railway

Estimated cost (2014): US$5.5 billion (Rp 65 trillion)

It was announced (November 2014) that the Transportation Ministry was preparing plans for a 2,168 km rail link from Aceh in the northern tip of Sumatra to Lampung at the southern tip. A feasibility study was expected to be prepared during 2015. In the first stages, selected segments of the proposed Sumatran rail link (such as a link between Pekanbaru and Dumai in the province of Riau) would be given priority.[32]

Trans-Kalimantan railway

Trans-Sulawesi railway

Postponed

Sunda Strait Bridge
Main article: Sunda Strait Bridge

Estimated cost: perhaps between $US 15 - 20 billion

The Sunda Strait Bridge project is an ambitious plan for a road and railway megaproject between the two Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java. In October 2007, after years of discussion and planning, the Indonesian government gave the initial go-ahead for a project which included several of the world’s longest suspension bridges, across the 27 km (17 mi) Sunda Strait. The project remained at the feasibility stage during the period of the administration of president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono although senior government figures, including the president, repeatedly said that the project would begin before the end of his administration in 2014. A number of ministerial meetings were held in the period 2010 - 2014 to discuss steps needed to support the project. However, in November 2014, the incoming Joko Widodo government announced that plans to build the bridge would be shelved.[33]

See also

References
  1. http://www.ekon.go.id/media/filemanager/2011/07/06/m/p/mp3ei-english_final.pdf
  2. Tri Listiyarini and Kunradus Aliandu, Plans to Build Indonesia's First High-Speed Rail Line Gather Steam Archived 2012-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, The Jakarta Post, 19 March 2012.
  3. 'China-Japan view to building a high-speed rail for Indonesia', The Jakarta Post, 11 August 2015. Nadya Natihadibrata and Raras Cahyafitri, 'China's train proposal in favor', The Jakarta Post, 12 August 2015.
  4. Farida Susanty, 'First high-speed train project on track', The Jakarta Post, 14 January 2016.
  5. Other estimates put the cost considerably higher. A figure of Rp 160 trillion, almost $US 17 billion, has been mentioned in media reports. See Raras Cahyafitri, RI risks falling into middle-income trap, The Jakarta Post, 13 October 2012.
  6. Dion Bisara and April Aswadi, Trans-Java Toll Project Faces Gaps in Land Acquisition, The Jakarta Globe, 3 August 2009.
  7. Thomas Mola and Mia Chitra Dinisari, 'Proyek tol terhambat lahan & dana' [Toll road projects: hampered by land & funding problems], Business Indonesia, 26 September 2012.
  8. http://www.hutama-karya.com/en
  9. bumn.go.id
  10. Ansyor Idrus, Trans-Sumatra turnpike project set to start, The Jakarta Post, 3 November 2012.
  11. Nurfika Osman, Hutama expects to start Trans Sumatra highway project this year, The Jakarta Post, 6 March 2013.
  12. Faisal Maliki, Adaro Energy, Japanese Firms to Build $3.2b Power Plant, The Jakarta Globe, 25 May 2011.
  13. http://www.iigf.co.id/Website/Home.aspx
  14. Bimasena named to build Central Java plant, The Jakarta Post, 7 October 2011. See also Rangga D. Fadillah, $3.3b power plant gets state guarantee, The Jakarta Post, 18 January 2011.
  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2012-10-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. Japan-Indonesia team delay $4b Central Java plant Archived 2012-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, The Jakarta Globe, 12 October 2012.
  17. Amahl S. Azwar, Development of RI's biggest power plant stymied, The Jakarta Post, 10 January 2013.
  18. Satria Sambijantoro, Biggest power project goes on despite protests, The Jakarta Post, 11 May 2013.
  19. Andreas D. Arditya, MRT construction to begin with underground work, The Jakarta Post, 2 August 2012.
  20. Andreas D. Arditya, MRT project begins next year: City, The Jakarta Post, 13 December 2011.
  21. jakartamrt.com Archived 2012-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Ary Hermawan, MRT plan hanging by a thread as traffic apocalypse looms, The Jakarta Post, 8 December 2012.
  23. Andreas D. Arditya, Jokowi tells bidders to work together on monorail project, The Jakarta Post, 8 December 2012.
  24. Andreas D. Arditya, Jakarta finally goes ahead with MRT plan Archived 2012-12-31 at the Wayback Machine, The Jakarta Post, 21 December 2012.
  25. Sita W. Desi, MRT project finally kicks off, sort of, The Jakarta Post, 3 May 2013.
  26. "Besok, Proyek LRT Akan Dimulai". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 8 September 2015.
  27. "Rencana LRT di Jakarta". Kompas (in Indonesian). Jakarta. 11 September 2015. Archived from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  28. "Jokowi Tekan Tombol Percepatan Pembangunan LRT". Kompas (in Indonesian). Jakarta. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  29. "Jalur LRT Bogor: Baranangsiang-Cibinong-Gunungputri-Cibubur". September 10, 2015.
  30. "The acceleration of the implementation of light rail transit in the region of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok dan Bekasi" (PDF). Indonesian Cabinet Secretary. 2 September 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  31. Raditya Margi (9 September 2015). "Jokowi kicks off LRT construction". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  32. Nadya Natahadibrata, Trans-Sumatra railway in sight, The Jakarta Post, 27 November 2014.
  33. Satria Sambijantoro, 'No more Sunda Strait Bridge plan', The Jakarta Post, 3 November 2014. See also 'New Government Will Not Prioritize Sunda Strait Bridge Project' Archived 2019-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Global Indonesian Voices, 2 November 2014.
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