List of invasive species in California

Invasive species in California, the introduced species of fauna−animals and flora−plants that are established and have naturalized within California.

Native plants and animals can become threatened endangered species from the spread of invasive species in natural habitats and/or developed areas (e.g. agriculture, transport, settlement).

Animals

Some of the invasive animal species include:

Mammals

• Brown rat
• Black rat
• Coypu (also known as nutria)
• Fallow deer[1]
• Axis deer (eradicated)[1]
• Feral cat
• Feral dog
• Feral pig

Birds

• Common starling
• Red-masked parakeet
• Mute swan[2]
• Rock dove
• House sparrow
• Eurasian collared dove
• Japanese white-eye
• Lilac-crowned parrot
• Yellow-headed parrot

Reptiles

• Southern watersnake[2]
• Northern watersnake[2]
• Red-eared slider[2]
• Brown anole
• Jackson's chameleon
• Italian wall lizard
• Mediterranean house gecko
• Spiny softshell turtle[3]

Amphibians

• American bullfrog
• African clawed frog[4][5]

Fish

• Snakehead (eradicated)

Invertebrates

• Apis mellifera scutellata — Africanized honeybee
• Bactrocera dorsalis — Oriental fruit fly (eradicated)[6]
• Carcinus maenas — European green crab[7]
• Corbicula fluminea — Asian clam, golden freshwater clam
• Eriocheir sinensis — Chinese mitten crab[2]
• Euwallacea fornicatus — Polyphagous and Kuroshio shot hole borers[2]
• Linepithema humile — Argentine ant
• Liriomyza trifolii — American serpentine leaf miner
• Milax gagates — greenhouse slug
• Potamopyrgus antipodarum — New Zealand mud snail[2]
• Pomacea canaliculata — channeled apple snail[2]
• Solenopsis invicta — red imported fire ant
• Theba pisana — white garden snail

Plants

Main article: List of invasive plant species in California

Some of the invasive plant species include:

• Acacia melanoxylon — black acacia
• Ailanthus altissima — tree-of-heaven
• Arundo donax — giant reed
• Carpobrotus edulis — iceplant
• Centaurea solstitialis — yellow starthistle
• Cirsium vulgare — bull thistle
• Cortaderia jubata — pampas grass
• Eucalyptus camaldulensis — red gum
• Eucalyptus globulus — blue gum
• Ficus carica — edible fig
• Fraxinus uhdei — shamel ash, evergreen ash
• Hedera canariensis — Algerian ivy, 'California' ivy
• Ipomoea indica — blue morning glory
• Ligustrum ovalifolium — 'California' privet
• Marrubium vulgare — horehound
• Mesembryanthemum crystallinum — common iceplant
• Nicotiana glauca — tree tobacco
• Pennisetum setaceum — fountain grass
• Ricinus communis — castor bean
• Rubus armeniacus — Himalayan blackberry
• Schinus terebinthifolius — Brazilian pepper tree
• Tamarix ramosissima — salt cedar, tamarisk
• Ulex europaeus — common gorse
• Vachellia tortilis — umbrella thorn
• Vinca major— periwinkle
• Washingtonia robusta — Mexican fan palm
• Zantedeschia aethiopica — calla lily

See also

• List of native plants in California
• List of invasive plant species in California
• List of invasive species
• Lists of invasive species
• Invasive species in the United States

References

1. "Non-Native Deer". National Park Service. 2017-09-10.
2. "California's Invaders". California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2017-09-10.
3. "Alien Reptiles and Amphibians in California". California Herps. 2017-09-10.
4. "Killer Meat-Eating Frogs Terrorize San Francisco". FoxNews. 2007-03-14. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2017-09-10.
5. "The Killer Frogs of Lily Pond:San Francisco poised to checkmate amphibious African predators of Golden Gate Park". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06.
6. "Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly)". Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. 9 July 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
7. "The Green Crab Project". UC Davis. 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2019.

External links

• University of California Statewide IPM Program: Exotic & invasive pests website homepage — IPM = integrated pest management.