List of infantry weapons and equipment of the Canadian military

This is a list of Infantry weapons used by the Canadian Military throughout its history and military arms used by militaries in pre-Confederation conflicts in Canada.

Colonial Era to Confederation (1604 - 1867)

Black Powder Rifles, Carbines and Pistols

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Charleville 1717Flintlock1717-1840 France
Charleville 1728Flintlock1728-1840 France
Charleville 1746Flintlock1746-1840 France
Fusil de Grenadier TulleFlintlock1690-???? France
Fusil de chasse TulleFlintlock1700s France
Queen Anne MusketFlintlock1702-1840 United Kingdom
William III CarbineFlintlock1700s United Kingdom
Baker rifleFlintlock1801-1837 United Kingdom
Nock CarbineFlintlock1780-1790s United Kingdom
Elliot CarbineFlintlock1770s United Kingdom
Brown Bess Long Land, Short Land, India PatternsFlintlock1722 United Kingdom
Lovells Pattern 1838 musket and Double Barrel CarbineCaplock1883 United Kingdom
Pattern 1842 MusketCaplock1842-1853 United Kingdom
Pattern 1851 RifleCaplock1851 United Kingdom
Pattern 1853 EnfieldCaplock1853 United Kingdom
Lancaster RifleCaplock1855-1869 United Kingdom
Brunswick rifleCaplock1840-???? United Kingdom
Colt 1851 Navy RevolverCaplock Revolver1856-1885 [1] United States255 revolvers marked Lower Canada (LC), 556 marked Upper Canada (UC), Issued to Cavalry

Service rifles and carbines

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Starr carbineBreechloading1861-1860s United States
Spencer rifle and carbineBreechloading repeater1860-1860s United States
Westley Richards rifleBreechloading1812-1871 United Kingdom
Peabody rifleBreechloading1860s-1871 United States
Snider-EnfieldBreechloading1860s-1901 United KingdomCarbine version carried west by the N.W.M.P. in 1873

Confederation to First World War (1867 - 1914)

Service Pistols

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Colt Model 1878 FrontierRevolver1885-1902 United StatesDouble Action in .45 Long Colt with 7.5" barrel, purchased initially for the Riel Rebellion [2]
Colt "New Service" RevolverRevolver1900-1928 United StatesDouble Action in .45 Long Colt [3] or .455 Eley[4] (as marked on 5.5" barrel), swing out cylinder for fast shell extraction and reloading. Also used by the RNWMP & RCMP from 1905-1954.

Service Rifles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Martini–HenryBreech-Loading1871-1888 United Kingdom
WinchesterRepeating rifle1873-1918 United States
Martini–MetfordBreech-Loading1894-1902 United Kingdom
Martini–EnfieldBreech-Loading1878-1902 United Kingdom
Lee–MetfordBolt Action1895-1926 United Kingdom
Lee–Enfield Mk.IBolt Action1896-1905 United Kingdom
Ross Mk.I and Mk.IIStraight-pull1905-1915 Canada

First World War to Second World War (1914 - 1939)

Service pistols

Model Type Service period Origin Details
Colt New ServiceRevolver1900-1928 United StatesAlso used by the NWMP and RCMP from 1905-1954. Chambered in .455 Webley
Colt M1911Semi-automatic pistol1914-1945 United States
Smith & Wesson Model 44Revolver1915-1951 United States

2nd model. First orders were rechambered from .44 Special to .455 Webley

Rifles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Ross Mk.IIIStraight-pull1913-1916 CanadaWithdrawn from infantry service following poor performance in battlefield conditions. Replaced by the Lee–Enfield Mk.III.
Lee–Enfield (SMLE) Mk.IIIBolt Action1916-1943 United Kingdom

Machine Guns

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Colt-Browning M1895Heavy machine gun1914-1916 United States
Vickers Machine GunMedium machine gun1914-1919 United Kingdom
Lewis Machine GunLight machine gun1916-1939 United States

Armoured Fighting Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Armoured AutocarArmoured Car1914-1918 United States/ CanadaCommercial Autocar trucks covered with armour plate and armed with several machine guns.
Mk.V tankTank1918 United KingdomUsed by the Canadian Tank Corps in 1918. Never used in combat.

Second World War to Cold War (1939 - 1946)

Infantry Weapons

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Smith & Wesson "Military & Police Victory model"Revolver1939-1964 United States
Inglis Hi-PowerSemi-automatic pistol1944–Present CanadaLicense-made Canadian version of the Browning Hi-Power
Thompson M1928-M1A1Submachine gun1940-1945 United States
Sten MK.IISubmachine gun1942-1958 United Kingdom
Lee–Enfield SMLE Mk.IIIService rifle1916-1943 United Kingdom
Lee–Enfield No.4 Mk.IService rifle1943-1955 CanadaUsed by Canadian Rangers until 2016, replaced by Colt C-19
M1 GarandService rifle1944-1953 United StatesA small number of M1, M1C and M1D rifles, enough to equip a brigade, were issued to the Canadian Army
Boys ATRAnti-tank rifle1937-1943 United Kingdom
Bren LMGLight machine gun1939-1955 United Kingdom
Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR)Automatic rifle1933-1953 United States
M1941 Johnson Machine GunLight machine gun1942-1944 United States1st Special Service Force (Devil's Brigade) only
C5 GPMGGeneral purpose machine gun1939-1980s United StatesM1919 Browning
M2 HMGHeavy machine gun1940–Present United States
Bangalore torpedoObstacle Clearing Charge1940–Present United Kingdom
PIATAnti-tank weapon1943-1950s United Kingdom
BazookaRocket launcher1942-1977 United StatesIn Reserve Force inventory as late as 1977
Flamethrower, Portable, No 2 "Ack-Pack"Flamethrower1943-1945 United Kingdom

Utility Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Willys JeepLight Utility Vehicle1941-1970s United States
Morris C8Artillery tractor1940-1945 United Kingdom
AEC MatadorArtillery tractor1940-1945 United Kingdom
Diamond T 4-Ton lorry4 ton truckWWII United States
Ford F-81/2 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt by Ford Motor Company of Canada. Canadian Military Pattern truck
Ford F-153/4 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford F-301.5 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford F-60S, F-60L, F-60H, F-60T3 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Ford FGTArtillery tractorWWII CanadaBuilt by Ford Motor Company of Canada.
Chevrolet C-8, C-8A1/2 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt by General Motors Canada
Chevrolet C-15, C-15A3/4 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt by General Motors Canada
Chevrolet C15TA Armoured TruckArmoured truckWWII CanadaBuilt by General Motors Canada
Chevrolet C-30, C-60S, C-60L, C-60X1.5/3 ton truckWWII CanadaBuilt byGeneral Motors Canada
CMP FATArtillery tractor1940-???? CanadaBuilt by General Motors Canada

Scout Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Daimler DingoArmoured Car1940-1945 United Kingdom
Daimler Mk. I Armoured CarArmoured Car1941-1945 United Kingdom
Humber Mk. I Scout CarArmoured Car1942-1945 United Kingdom
Humber Mk. IV Armoured CarArmoured Car1941-1945 United Kingdom
Fox Armoured CarArmoured Car1939-1945 Canada
M3 Scout CarArmoured Car1942-1945 United States
Otter Light Reconnaissance CarArmoured Car1942-1945 CanadaBuilt by General Motors of Canada. Based on the C15
Staghound Armoured CarArmoured Car1942-1962 United States
Lynx Scout CarArmoured Car1940-1968 United Kingdom/ Canada
M5 Reconnaissance VehicleReconnaissance Vehicle1942-1945 United StatesA turretless variant of the M5 light tank

Armoured Carriers and Armoured Tractors

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Kangaroo1943-1945 CanadaConverted Ram, Priest, and Sherman AFVs (See respective entries)
Loyd CarrierWWII United Kingdom
Universal Carrier1940-? United Kingdom
WaspWWII-? United KingdomUniversal Carrier with flame-thrower equipment
T-16 CarrierWWII-? United StatesUniversal carrier produced under license and modified in the United States.
Windsor Carrier1944-1945 CanadaCanadian-built universal carrier with a lengthened body
M3A1 Half-trackWWII United States
M5 Half-track United States
M9 Half-track United States

Tanks

Combat Tanks

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Stuart tankLight tank1941-1945 United States
Churchill MkI-IVInfantry tank1941-1945 United Kingdom
Sherman I, III, VMedium tank1941-1970 United StatesSherman I (M4), III (M4A2 w/75 mm gun) and V (M4A4 w/75 mm gun) used.
Sherman IC (Firefly)Medium Tank1941-1945 United States/ United KingdomM4 with a 17 pounder gun
Sherman VC (Firefly)Medium tank1944-1945 United States/ United KingdomM4A4 with a 17 pounder gun
GrizzlyMedium tank1941-1945 CanadaCanadian built and modified M4A1
Sherman V DDMedium Tank1944-1945 United StatesM4A4 {75 mm} with Duplex Drive system and flotation screen for amphibious landings
Sherman IbClose Support Tank United StatesM4 with a 105 mm howitzer
Centaur IVClose Support Tank1944-1944 United KingdomIn service for less than a month with the 1st Canadian Centaur Battery (formed Aug 6, 1944 - disbanded Aug 29, 1944), RCA, after landing in Normandy. Tanks returned to the Royal Marines.
Ram BadgerFlame tank1941-1944 Canada
Churchill OkeFlame tank United Kingdom
Sherman BadgerFlame tank United States

Training Tanks

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Carden Loyd Mk IV tanketteTankette1930-???? United KingdomUsed for training
Light Tank Mk VIALight tank United Kingdom
Six Ton Tank Model 1917Light tank United StatesUS built version of the Renault FT.
Ram tank I and IICruiser tank CanadaNever saw combat. Training only
Vickers Valentine Mark VIInfantry tank CanadaCanadian built version of the British Valentine IV. 30 used for training.
Matilda IIInfantry tank United Kingdom
Lee/GrantMedium tank United States

Self-Propelled Artillery and Anti-Aircraft

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
M3 75mm Gun Motor CarriageSelf-propelled artillery United StatesM3 Half-track equipped with the M1A1 75 mm gun
SextonSelf-propelled artillery1943-1956 CanadaOpen box superstructure on a Ram tank hull. Armed with a 25pdr gun
M7 PriestSelf-propelled artillery1944-???? United States/ CanadaOpen box superstructure on a Sherman tank hull. Armed with a 105mm howitzer.
M14 SPAASelf-propelled anti-aircraft United StatesTwin .50 mount on an M3 half-track
M10 "Wolverine"Tank destroyerWW2 United StatesModified Sherman hull with an open turret and 3in. gun
M10 17pdrTank destroyerWW2 United States/ United KingdomM10 equipped with a 17pdr gun
17pdr SP ArcherTank destroyer1944-Suez Crisis United KingdomBuilt on a Valentine tank hull
Crusader AA Mk.I and Mk.IIISelf-propelled anti-aircraft1944-???? United KingdomMk.I armed with a Bofors 40mm anti-aircraft gun, Mk.III armed with twin Oerlikon 20mm guns
Skink anti-aircraft tankSelf-propelled anti-aircraft1944 CanadaEnclosed turret on a Grizzly tank hull. Armed with 4 Polsten guns. Introduced late in the war and only saw use as an anti-infantry weapon.
Carrier, SP, 4x4 40mm, AA (Bofors) 30cwtSelf-propelled anti-aircraft1944-1945 United KingdomMorris Commercial four-wheel drive lorry armed with a Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun.

Engineering Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Ram ARVArmoured Recovery Vehicle Canada
M4A4 Sherman V ARVArmoured Recovery Vehicle United States
Valentine BridgelayerAVLB United Kingdom
M416 trailers1940s-1990s United States
M101 trailers1992-? United States

Artillery

Field artillery

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
QF 25 pounderhowitzer/field gun United Kingdom
BL 4.5 inch Medium Field Gunfield gunWWII United Kingdom
BL 5.5 inch Medium Gunmedium field gunWWII United Kingdom
Land Mattressmultiple rocket launcherWWII United Kingdom

Anti-tank guns

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Ordnance QF 6 pounder United Kingdom
Ordnance QF 17 pounder United Kingdom

Anti-aircraft guns

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Bofors 40 mm gun Sweden
QF 3.75 inch AA United Kingdom
Polsten-Oerlikon gun Poland

Cold War to Modern (Cold War and peace keeping weapons until 2003)

This section is about equipment introduced after 1946 but which has since been retired. For in-service equipment, see List of modern Canadian Army equipment.

Infantry Weapons

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
C1 SMGSubmachine gun1958-1988 United Kingdom/ CanadaLicense produced Sterling SMG
FN C1 and FN C1A1Battle rifle1955-1987 Belgium/ CanadaLicense produced by Canadian Arsenals Limited
FN C2 and C2A1 SAWSquad Automatic Weapon1955-1987 Belgium/ CanadaC1 modified for SAW role
C3 and C3A1Sniper rifle1972-2003 United KingdomModified Parker Hale M82
Javelin surface-to-air missileMANPADS1980s-1990s United KingdomNo longer in service
106mm recoilless rifleRecoilless rifle1950s-1988 United StatesRetired from the Regular Force in 1976
C7/C7A2Assault rifle1988–Present CanadaReplaced the FN C1A1's
McMillan TAC-50Sniper rifle2000–Present United States

Utility Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
M151A2 JeepLight utility vehicle1974-1984 United States935 purchased and retired in the 1980s[5]
M373/4 ton cargo truck1951-1976 United States/ Canada4500 built by Chrysler/Dodge in Windsor 1951-1955[6]
M38/M38A1 JeepLight utility vehicle1950-1980s United States/ CanadaBuilt 1950-1952 and replaced by M151[7] for regular forces by 1974 and retired in the Reserves in 1980s
M135 GMC Deuce and a Half2 1⁄2-ton 6x6 truck1950-1980s United States/ CanadaCargo truck and numerous variants replaced by MLVW
M54 (truck)5 ton heavy truck1950-1980s United States/ CanadaCargo truck and numerous variants replaced by HLVW
M43 Ambulanceutility vehicle1950s-? United States/ CanadaVariant of M37 built by Chrysler/Dodge in Windsor 1951-1955[8]
M152utility truck1964-? United States/ CanadaRadio Command unit - 1038 produced by Chrysler in Windsor[9]
M38A1CDN JeepLight utility vehicle1952-1984 United States/ CanadaBuilt by Ford of Canada
M38A1CDN2 JeepLight utility vehicle1967-1984 United States/ CanadaBuilt by Ford of Canada
M38A1CDN3 JeepLight utility vehicle1970-1984 United States/ CanadaBuilt by Ford of Canada
GM of Canada CUCVCommercial utility Cargo vehicle1976-2004 United States/ Canada2,848 1-1/4 ton replaced the M37 in 1976. More CUCV's were later ordered in the 1980s from GM Defense. Replaced by LSVW in regular army units then they were mostly used by the Army Reserve until replaced by the Milverado in 2004.
Jeep CJLight utility vehicle1980's United States/ Canada195 military CJ-7 versions put into service between the retirement of the M38A1 and the introduction of the Iltis
IltisLight utility vehicle1984-2003 Germany/ CanadaLicensed produced version of the Volkswagen Iltis
G Wagon LUV(W)Light utility vehicle1996–present Germanyfor more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
LSVWLight Support Vehicle Wheeled1993–present Canadafor more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
Medium Logistic Vehicle Wheeled (MLVW)Medium utility vehicle1982–present Canadafor more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
Heavy Logistic Vehicle Wheeled (HLVW)Heavy utility vehicle1992–present CanadaLicensed version of Steyr 1491 Percheron by Bombardier -for more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
BV 206All terrain utility vehicle1983–present Swedenfor more details see List of modern Canadian Army equipment
Humvee M1113 and M1117Light Utility Vehicle~ 2010 United Statesused by Canadian Special Operations Regiment and Joint Task Force 2 and since replaced by Jackal MWMIK

Armoured Fighting Vehicles

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
M5A1 Stuart VILight tank1946-1956 United States90 purchased in 1946 and sold on to Portugal in 1956, three of which served with distinction in Angola from 1967-1972.
M24 ChaffeeLight tank1946-1958 United States32 were purchased in 1946 for armoured reconnaissance and retired in April 1958.
Sherman M4A2E8Medium tank1946-1970 United StatesKept in the reserves until 1970.
Sherman M4A3E8Medium tank1951-1954 United StatesAcquired from US stocks for use during the Korean War.
Centurion Mk.3Main Battle Tank1952-1979 United KingdomAcquired to replace the Shermans with 84mm main gun.
Centurion Mk.5Main Battle Tank with 105mm gun1952-1979 United KingdomCanada Initially ordered 274 Mk 3 Tanks, plus 9 Armoured Recovery Vehicles and 4 Bridge-layers and additional orders followed. The Mk 5 (upgunned to 105 mm) were used later. From 1969 to 1970 the Canadian Army lists 77 tanks based in Germany (mostly Mk 5 and Mk 11's) and the remainder in Canada (60 at CFB Wainwright AB, 59 at CFSD Longpointe PQ, 46 at CFB Gagetown NB, 30 at CFB Borden, 29 at CFB Meaford ON, 27 at CFB Calgary AB, 12 at CFB Petawawa ON, 6 at RCEME School Kingston ON and 1 at the LETE Test Establishment Orleans, CFB Ottawa ON) for a total of 347 Tanks (including 120 Mk 5's, 3 Mk 5 Recovery tanks and some Mk 11's with IR and ranging guns fitted). Replaced by Leopard C1. Many of the tanks were sold to Israel which converted them to diesel. Some are still in use as variants.
Centurion Mk.11Main Battle Tank1952-1979 United Kingdomwith 105mm, IR and ranging gun
Leopard C1Main Battle Tank1978-2000 Germany127 Acquired to replace the Centurions. 114 of these 'Canadianized' Leopard 1A3 were used in active service.
Leopard C2Main Battle Tank2000–present GermanyLeopard C1 upgraded and refitted with Leopard 1A5 turret. 66 remain active.
Leopard 2A6M CANMain Battle Tank2007–Present Germany20 leopard 2s were loaned from Germany. Then Canada acquired 80 tanks from the Netherlands.
Lynx C&RCommand and Reconnaissance Vehicle1968-1993 United States
M109A4+Self-propelled artillery1964-2005 United StatesReplaced with towed M777 guns in 2007.
AVGP CougarWheeled light armoured vehicle1976–present Canada6x6 vehicle based on the MOWAG Piranha with a Scorpion tank turret.
AVGP GrizzlyWheeled Armoured personnel carrier1976–present Canada6x6 vehicle based on the MOWAG Piranha with a Cadillac-Gage 1 metre turret, designed to carry a section of infantry.
AVGP HuskyWheeled Armoured recovery vehicle1976–present Canada6x6 vehicle based on the MOWAG Piranha.
Ferret Scout CarWheeled reconnaissance vehicle1954-1981 United Kingdom
MambaWheeled Armoured personnel carrier???? - 2012[10] South AfricaAPC retired by 2012
M113Tracked Armoured personnel carriermid 1960s - present United StatesCurrent in service variants: M113A3 Personnel carrier with Remote Weapon System (RWS), M113A3 Personnel carrier with One Metre Turret, M113A3 Mobile Repair Team, M577A3 Command Post, MTVL Basic Personnel Carrier / Light Re-supply, MTVC Heavy Re-supply, MTVE Engineer Vehicle, MTVF Fitter (Repair) Vehicle, MTVR Recovery Vehicle
LynxTracked reconnaissance vehicle1968 - 1993 United States
CoyoteWheeled reconnaissance vehicle1996–present Canada
BisonWheeled Armoured personnel carrier1990–present CanadaConverted to supporting variants.
LAV IIIWheeled Infantry Fighting Vehicle1999–present Canadacan also be used as an Armoured personnel carrier
RG-31 NyalaInfantry mobility vehicle2006–present Canada111 units delivered for use in Afghanistan[11]

Unsorted

Approved private purchase and secondary side-arms

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Webley Mark VI Revolver United Kingdom
Enfield No. 2 MkI Revolver United Kingdom
Colt Police Positive - 1941–present United States
Colt Model 1911A1 - 1942-1945 United States

Grenades, mines and other explosives

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Mills bomb United Kingdom
No 68 AT Grenade United Kingdom
No 69 Bakelite Percussion Grenade United Kingdom
No 73 Grenade United Kingdom
No. 74 Sticky bomb United Kingdom
No. 75 AT Hawkins Mine United Kingdom
No. 82 Gammon United Kingdom
Clam Magnetic Mine United Kingdom
GS.MV Anti-tank Mine
GS.MkII Anti-tank Mine
M61 grenade United States
M67 grenade United States
C19 claymore United States/ Canada
V40 Mini-Grenade Netherlands

Infantry mortars

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
2 inch mortarWWII United Kingdom
3 inch mortarWWII United Kingdom
4.2 inch mortarWWII
60 mm M19 CAN light mortarWWII-present United States
81 mm C3 medium mortar1967–present United Kingdom

Bayonets and Knives

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
Pattern 1888 BayonetBayonet
Pattern 1907 BayonetBayonet
Pattern 1913 BayonetBayonet
Ross BayonetBayonet Canada
No. 4 Rifle BayonetsBayonet
Mk I Spike BayonetBayonet
Mk II Spike BayoneBayonet
Mk III Spike BayonetBayonet
No. 5 Mk II Knife BayonetBayonet
No. 7 Knife BayonetBayonet
No. 9 Socket Knife BayonetBayonet
C1 BayonetBayonet Canada
Nella C7 BayonetBayonet
Bayonet 2000Bayonet
Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knifeCombat knife United Kingdom
Grohmann #3 CAF KnifeCombat knife1967–present Canada
C-5 pocket knife/ utility knifeUtility knife1973-2004
Gerber multi-tool knifeUtility knife2001–present United States
V-42 StilettoCombat knife1942-1944 United StatesUsed by the 1st Special Service Force

Ammunition

Model Type Service Period Origin Details
.280 Ross1914-1918 Canadalimited Commonwealth use as a sniper's cartridge
.303 British United Kingdomonly in service with Canadian Rangers
.455 Webley United Kingdomno longer in service
7.62 × 51 mm NATO United States/ Canada
5.56×45mm NATO1984–present United States/ Canada
9×19mm Parabellum1944–present German Empire
.50 BMG United StatesUsed by Canadian snipers to set the longest distance kill record
12 Gauge United States
5.7×28 mm Belgiumonly in use by Canadian Special Forces
.338 Lapua Magnum2005–present Finland

Swords

  • 1897 Pattern British Infantry Officer's Sword
  • 1908 and 1912 Pattern British Army Cavalry Swords
  • 1857 Artillery Officer Sword
  • 1827 Navy Officer Sword
  • 1926 Air Force Officer Sword

Uniforms, Load Bearing and Protective Equipment

Uniforms

See also: Battledress, Uniforms of the Canadian Forces

Load bearing equipment

  • Oliver Pattern Equipment 1898-19??
  • 1903 Pattern Bandolier Equipment
  • 1937 Pattern Web Equipment
  • 1942 Battle Jerkin
  • 1951 Pattern Web Equipment
  • 1964 Pattern Web Equipment
  • 1982 Pattern Web Equipment
  • Tactical Vest (or just known as Tac Vest). 2003–Present

Head dress

Protective equipment

  • Fragmentation Protection Vest

Present Day


References

  1. Canadian Military Handguns 1855-1985 by Clive M. Law
  2. Canadian Military Handguns 1855-1985 by Clive M. Law, p.26
  3. Canadian Military Handguns 1855-1985 by Clive M. Law, p.29 & 30
  4. Canadian Military Handguns 1855-1985 by Clive M. Law, p.107
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2012-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-06-10. Retrieved 2012-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2012-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2012-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2016-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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