List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire
The list of major cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire is below. Since it is impossible to include all cities, only the most populous cities, capitals and the cities with strategical or historical importance are shown.
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Military of the Ottoman Empire |
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Modern army (1861–1922) |
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Conscription |
Cities
This following list, the first column shows the year of the conquest.[dn 1] Some of the cities (like Tabriz, Erivan or Belgrad) had been conquered more than once. In this case, only the first conquest has been shown. The second column shows the name of the city (where necessary, the Ottoman Turkish name and/or the contemporary Turkish name has also been given in parathesis), the third column shows the holder before conquest and the fourth column shows the present country. In the fifth column links to the article in this encyclopedia for the details of the conquest (where applicable).[1][2][3]
Year | Name | Holder before the Conquest | Present country | Battle/Siege | Statute | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1326 | Prusa (Bursa) | Turkey | Siege of Bursa | |||
1331 | Nicaea (İznik) | Turkey | Siege of Nicaea | |||
1338 | Nicomedia (İzmit) | Turkey | ||||
1352 | Callipolis (Gelibolu) | Turkey | ||||
1356 | Ankara | Ahis (Ankara ahileri) | Turkey | |||
1361 | Adrianopol (Edirne) | Turkey | ||||
1364 | Plovdiv (Filibe) | Bulgaria | Capture of Plovdid | |||
1364 | Stara Zagora (Eski Zagra) | Bulgaria | Capture of Stara Zagora | |||
1365 | Niš | Serbia | ||||
1382 | Sofia | Bulgaria | Siege of Sofia | |||
1388 | Ruse (Rusçuk) | Bulgaria | ||||
1389 | Varna | Bulgaria | ||||
1393 | Veliko Tarnovo (Tırnova) | Bulgaria | Siege of Tarnovo | |||
1395 | Nikopol (Niğbolu) | Bulgaria | ||||
1395 | Ohrid (Ohri) | Gropa Lordship | North Macedonia | |||
1395 | Krujë (Akçahisar) (First occupation) | Princedom of Albania | Albania | |||
1396 | Sati | Zaharia Lordship of Sati | Albania | Vassal | ||
1396 | Silistra (Silistre) | Bulgaria | ||||
1396 | Vidin | Bulgaria | ||||
1417 | Vlorë (Avlonya) | Principality of Valona | Albania | |||
1419 | Constanța (Köstence) | Romania | ||||
1426 | Smyrna (İzmir) | Aydinids | Turkey | |||
1430 | Thessaloniki (Selânik) | Greece | Siege of Thessalonica | |||
1431 | Ioannina (Yânya) | Greece | ||||
1450 | Berat (Arnavut Belgradı, Berat) | Lordship of Berat/ |
Albania | |||
1453 | Constantinople (Konstantiniye, Istanbul) | Turkey | Fall of Constantinople | |||
1458 | Athens (Atina) | Greece | ||||
1459 | Pristina (Priştine) | Serbian Despotate | Kosovo[dn 2] | |||
1460 | Bitola (Monastir, Manastır) | North Macedonia | ||||
1460 | Skopje (Üsküp) | North Macedonia | ||||
1461 | Trebizond (Trabzon) | Empire of Trebizond | Turkey | Siege of Trebizond | ||
1461 | Sarajevo (Saray-ı Bosna, Saraybosna) Founded by Ottomans |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||||
1461 | Jajce (Royal Seat of the Bosnian King)[dn 3] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||||
1466 | Iconium (Konya) | Karamanids | Turkey | |||
1468 | Mostar | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||||
1470 | Chalcis (Euboea-Eğriboz island) | Greece | ||||
1474 | Podgorica (Podgoriçe) | Montenegro | ||||
1475 | Bakhchisaray (Bahçesaray) | Ukraine | Vassal | |||
1475 | Feodosiya (Kefe) | Ukraine | ||||
1475 | Sudak | Ukraine | ||||
1475 | Azov (Azak) | Russia | ||||
1478 | Lezhë | Albania | Siege of Shkodra | |||
1479 | Shkodër (İşkodra) | Albania | Siege of Shkodra | |||
1480 | Otranto | Principality of Taranto | Italy | Invasion of Otranto | Brief acquisition | |
1484 | Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Akkerman) | Ukraine | ||||
1514 | Arz-i Rûm (Erzurum) | Turkey | ||||
1514 | Tabriz (Tebriz) | Iran | ||||
1514 | Ardabil (Erdebil) | Iran | ||||
1515 | Van | Turkey | ||||
1515 | Kara Amid (Diyâr-i Bekr, Diyarbakır) | Turkey | ||||
1515 | Urmiah (Ürmiye) | Iran | ||||
1516 | Antiochia (Antakya) | Turkey | ||||
1516 | Aleppo (Halep) | Syria | ||||
1516 | Damascus (Trablus-i Şâm, Şam) | Syria | ||||
1516 | Beirut | Lebanon | ||||
1516 | Amman | Jordan | ||||
1516 | Jerusalem (Kudüs) | Palestine | ||||
1516 | Jaffa (Yafa) | Palestine | ||||
1517 | Cairo (Kâhire) | Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) | Egypt | |||
1517 | Damietta (Dumyat) | Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) | Egypt | |||
1517 | Mecca (Mekke) | Saudi Arabia | ||||
1517 | Jeddah (Cidde) | Saudi Arabia | ||||
1521 | Belgrade | Kingdom of Hungary | Serbia | |||
1522 | Rhodes (Rodos) | Greece | Siege of Rhodes | |||
1526 | Tvrđa | Croatia | ||||
1529 | Algiers (Cezayir) | Algeria | Capture of Algiers | |||
1529 | Odessa (Hacibey) | Ukraine | ||||
1531 | Diu | India | Siege of Diu | Brief acquisition | ||
1534 | Tunis (Tunus) | Tunisia | Conquest of Tunis | |||
1534 | Baghdad (Bağdat) | Safavid Empire | Iraq | Capture of Baghdad | ||
1537 | Klis (Clissa, Kilis) | Croatia | Siege of Klis | |||
1538 | Basra | Iraq | ||||
1538 | Aden | Yemen | Capture of Aden | |||
1538 | San'a | Yemen | ||||
1538 | Bender | Moldova | ||||
1538 | Chişinău (Knişev) | Moldova | ||||
1539 | Herceg Novi (Yeni Hersek) | Montenegro | Siege of Castelnuovo | |||
1541 | Buda | Hungary | Siege of Buda | |||
1543 | Esztergom (Estergon) | Hungary | Siege of Esztergom | |||
1547 | Van | Turkey | Siege of Van | |||
1551 | Gozo | Malta | Invasion of Gozo | Brief acquisition | ||
1551 | Tripoli (Trablus-i Gârb, Trablusgarp) | Libya | Siege of Tripoli | |||
1552 | Muscat | Oman | ||||
1552 | Touggourt | Algeria | Marching overland to Sahara | |||
1552 | Timișoara | Romania | ||||
1555 | Béjaïa | Algeria | Capture of Bougie | |||
1557 | Massawa | Eritrea | ||||
1566 | Szigetvár (Zigetvar) | Hungary | Siege of Szigetvár | |||
1567 | Zabid | Yemen | ||||
1571 | Ulcinj (Ulqin/Dulcigno) | Montenegro | ||||
1571 | Nicosia (Lefkoşa) | Cyprus | ||||
1578 | Akhaltsikhe (Ahıska) | Georgia | ||||
1578 | Erivan (Yerevan) | Armenia | ||||
1578 | Benghazi | Libya | ||||
1578 | Tbilisi (Tiflis) | Georgia | ||||
1578 | Ganja (Gence) | Azerbaijan | ||||
1578 | Baku (Bakü) | Azerbaijan | ||||
1584 | Lori | Armenia | ||||
1587 | Hamadan (Hamedan) | Iran | ||||
1590 | Derbent | Russia (Dagestan) | ||||
1594 | Győr (Yanık) | Hungary | ||||
1596 | Eger | Holy Roman Empire | Hungary | |||
1600 | Nagykanizsa (Kanije) | Hungary | Siege of Kanije | |||
1645 | Chania (Hanya) | Greece | ||||
1660 | Oradea (Varat) | Romania | ||||
1663 | Nové Zámky (Uyvar) | Slovakia | ||||
1669 | Heraklion (Kandiye) | Greece | Siege of Candia | |||
1672 | Kamianets-Podilskyi (Kamaniçe) | Ukraine | ||||
1678 | Chyhyryn (Çehrin) | Ukraine | ||||
1683 | Perchtoldsdorf | Austria | Battle of Vienna | Brief acquisition | ||
1713 | Khotyn (Hotin) | Ukraine | Conquest | |||
1852 | Doha | Qatar | Vassal | |||
1869 | Manama | Bahrain | Vassal |
See also
- List of Ottoman Empire territories
- Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
- List of Ottoman sieges and landings
Footnotes
- Not all cities were conquered by military force. Some were included within Ottoman realm voluntarily.
- Disputed territory
- Fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia
References
- Faik Reşit Unat: Tarih Atlası, Kanaat yayınları, İstanbul, 1991, p.29 (in Turkish)
- Prof. Dr. Yaşar Yücel-Prof. Dr. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi, AAKTDYK yayınları, İstanbul, 1991, (in Turkish)
- Lord Kinross :Osmanlı İmparatorluğun Yükselişi ve Çöküşü (The Ottoman centuries, Trans.Meral Gaspıralı) Altın Kitaplar, İstanbul, 2008, ISBN 978-975-21-0955-1, (in Turkish)