List of West European Jews
Apart from France, established Jewish populations exist in the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland. With the original medieval populations wiped out by the Black Death and the pogroms that followed it, the current Dutch and Belgian communities originate in the Jewish expulsion from Spain and Portugal, while a Swiss community was only established after emancipation in 1874. However, the vast majority of the population in the Netherlands and a large proportion of the one in Belgium were murdered in the Holocaust, and much of the modern Jewish population of these countries (as well as of Switzerland) derives from post-Holocaust arrivals from other parts of Europe. Here is a list of some prominent Sephardi Jews in western Europe, arranged by country of origin.
Austria
Belgium
- Chantal Akerman (born 6 June 1950 – died 5 October 2015), director-screenwriter
- Saul Akkemay, publicist-journalist
- Zora Arkus-Duntov, father of the Chevrolet Corvette (Belgian-born)
- Gérard Blitz, Olympic water polo medallist, co-founder of Club Med
- François Englert, Nobel Prize laureate in theoretical physics
- Leopold Flam, philosopher
- Louis Franck, politician
- Diane von Fürstenberg, fashion designer
- Jean Gol, politician
- Nico Gunzburg, professor
- Camille Gutt, finance minister; head of the International Monetary Fund
- Paul Hymans, liberal leader; president of the League of Nations
- René Kalisky, writer
- Julien Klener, linguist
- George Koltanowski, chess player
- Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist (Belgian-born; atheist of Jewish descent)
- Alfred Loewenstein, financier (Jewish mother)
- Ernest Mandel, marxist theorist
- Bob Mendes, writer (Jewish father)
- Ralph Miliband, political scientist[1]
- Chaïm Perelman, philosopher (Polish-born)
- Ilya Prigogine, chemist (Russian-born), Nobel Prize (1977)
- Henry Spira, animal rights activist
- Elias M. Stein, mathematician (Belgian-born)
- Marc Schlomo Jizchak Stern, Orthodox rabbi, cantor (de)
- Gilbert Stork, chemist
- Olivier Strelli, fashion designer
- Samy Szlingerbaum, film director, writer, and actor[2]
- Guy Lee Thys, film director (Jewish mother)
- Raymond van het Groenewoud, singer-songwriter (Jewish mother)
- Sandra Wasserman, tennis player
France
Ireland
Italy
Political figures
- Alessandro d'Ancona (1835–1914), 1904 Senator
- Emanuele Fiano (born 1963), politician
- Vittorio Foa (1910–2008), socialist trade unionist
- Alessandro Fortis (1842–1909), Italian Prime Minister (1905–1906)
- Yoram Gutgeld (born 1959), economist and former member of parliament
- Anna Kuliscioff (1857–1925), Russian-born revolutionary feminist
- Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012), scientist and Senator
- Luigi Luzzatti (1841–1927), Italian Prime Minister (1910–1911)
- Ernesto Nathan (1848–1921), mayor of Rome (1907–1913)
- Margherita Sarfatti (1880–1961), journalist and mistress of Benito Mussolini
- Liliana Segre (born 1930), holocaust survivor and Senator for life.
- Sydney Sonnino (1847-1922), Italian prime minister (1906,1909-1910)
- Claudio Treves (1869–1933), politician and writer, grandfather of Carlo Levi
- Leone Wollemborg (1859–1932), politician and former Minister of Economy
Religious and communal leaders
- Samuel Aboab (1610–1694), prominent rabbi
- Aaron ben Gershon abu Al-Rabi or Aronne Abulrabi of Catania (ca. 1400–1450), rabbinic scholar, cabalist and astrologer; called also Aldabi or Alrabi, Aaron was "the first Jew in the history to be invited during a Pontificate to discuss freely and without censorship about religious subjects and papal perplexities; Pope Martin V welcomed him in Rome[3]
- Barbara Aiello, American-born rabbi active in Italy
- Benjamin Artom (1835–1879), Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews of Great Britain
- Umberto Cassuto (1883–1951), rabbi
- Abraham Isaac Castello (1726–1789), rabbi
- Leone Ebreo (1465–1523), Neoplatonic philosopher
- Amos Luzzatto (born 1928), writer and former president of the Italian Jewish Communities Union[4]
- Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (1707–1746), rabbi, scholar, mystic, also known as Ramchal
- Samuel David Luzzatto (1800–1865), important rabbi and scholar, also known as Shadal
- Raphael Meldola (1754–1828), rabbi
- David Nieto (1654–1728), rabbi
- Riccardo Pacifici (1904–1943), rabbi
- Joseph Pardo (1561–1619), rabbi
- Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno (1475–1550), rabbi, philosopher
- Elio Toaff (1915–2015), rabbi and former Chief of Italian Jews Community
- Isaiah di Trani (ca. 1180–1250), talmudist, rabbi, also known as RID
Academics
- Pedigree of Azzopardi
- Faraj ben Salim, Sicilian physician and translator from Agrigento
- Mosé Bonavoglia de' Medici, or Bonavoglio de' Medici (died 1447), Sicilian physician from Messina and Dienchelele (Naggid or Dayan kelali = Universal Judge of Sicilian Jews); his Hebrew name was Moses Hefez[5]
- Michele Besso (1873–1955), Swiss-born engineer
- Caecilius of Calacte, Sicilian rhetorician from modern Caronìa
- Laura Capón (1907–1977), physicist
- Enrico Castelnuovo, art historian and medievalist
- Gino Fano, (1871–1952), mathematician
- Robert Fano (1917–2016), physicist
- Ugo Fano (1912–2001), physicist[6]
- Carlo Ginzburg (born 1939), historian
- Giovanni Jona-Lasinio (born 1932), physicist (Jewish father)
- Alberto Jori (born 1965), philosopher (Jewish mother)
- Giorgio Levi Della Vida (1886–1961), linguist specialized in Semitic languages
- Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012), neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
- Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), criminologist
- Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel Prize (1969)
- Samuel David Luzzatto (1800–1865), scholar and poet
- Franco Modigliani (1918–2003), economist, Nobel Prize (1985)
- Arnaldo Momigliano (1908–1987), Italian-born historian [7]
- Bruno Pontecorvo (1913–1993), physicist
- Guido Pontecorvo (1907–1999), geneticist
- Giulio Racah (1909–1965), physicist
- Bruno Rossi (1905–1993), astrophysicist
- Asher Salah (born 1967), historian
- Cesare Segre (1928–2014), linguistics, semiotics
- Emilio Segrè (1905–1989), physicist, Nobel Prize (1959)
- pedigree of Sforno
- Piero Sraffa (1898–1983), economist
- Manfredo Tafuri (1935–1994), architectural historian, critic and theorist
- Ariel Toaff (born 1942), historian
- Andrew Viterbi (born 1935), inventor of the Viterbi algorithm
- Bruno Zevi (1918–2000), architectural critic and historian
Mathematicians
- Emilio Artom (1888–1952), mathematician
- Eugenio Calabi (born 1923), mathematician
- Guido Castelnuovo (1865–1952), mathematician
- Federigo Enriques (1871–1946), mathematician
- Gino Fano (1871–1952), mathematician
- Guido Fubini (1879–1943), mathematician
- Beppo Levi (1875–1961), mathematician
- Tullio Levi-Civita (1873–1941), mathematician
- Beniamino Segre (1903–1977), mathematician
- Corrado Segre (1863–1924), mathematician
- Vito Volterra (1860–1940), mathematician
Musicians
- Mario Ancona (1860–1931), baritone
- Abramo Basevi (1818–1885), composer and musician
- Alvise Bassano, musician[8]
- Anthony Bassano, musician[8]
- Baptista Bassano, musician[8]
- Jeronimo Bassano, musician[8]
- Haim Cipriani (born 1961), violinist and reform rabbi
- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895–1968), guitar, classical and synagogal music composer
- Giacobbe Cervetto (1680–1783), cellist[9] and composer
- Lorenzo Da Ponte (born Emanuele Conegliano, 1749–1838), opera librettist (born Jewish, raised Catholic)
- Abramo dall'Arpa (died 1566), harpist
- Abramino dall'Arpa (fl ca. 1577–1593), harpist
- Aldo Finzi (1897–1945), composer
- Obadiah the Proselyte, musician[10]
- Salamone Rossi (ca. 1570–1630), baroque composer
- Victor de Sabata (1892–1967), conductor (Jewish mother)
- Leone Sinigaglia (1868–1944), composer
Writers
- Devorà Ascarelli, poet and translator
- Giorgio Bassani, author
- Angela Bianchini, fiction writer
- Riccardo Calimani, fiction writer and historian
- Enrico Castelnuovo, father of Guido
- Moses Chayyim Catalan, poet
- Lorenzo Da Ponte (b. Emanuele Conegliano), opera librettist (born Jewish, raised Catholic)
- Leonardo de Benedetti, physician and writer
- Manuela Dviri, writer
- Alain Elkann, writer and journalist, father of John, Lapo and Ginevra
- Carlo Ginzburg, historian, writer, essayst and pioneer of microhistory
- Leone Ginzburg, writer (born in Ukraine)
- Natalia Ginzburg (b. Levi), author (Jewish father), wife of Leone and mother of Carlo
- Arrigo Levi, writer, journalist and TV anchorman
- Carlo Levi, writer, painter and physician
- Primo Levi, chemist and author
- Carlo Michelstaedter, philosopher
- Lisa Morpurgo Dordoni, writer, astrologer
- Paolo Mieli, journalist, historian and director of Corriere della Sera
- Liana Millu, writer
- Alberto Moravia (b. Pincherle), author (Jewish father)
- Laura Orvieto, writer
- Alessandro Piperno, writer
- Umberto Saba, poet (Jewish mother)
- Donato Sacerdote, poet
- Rubino Romeo Salmonì, writer
- Roberto Saviano, writer, journalist (Jewish mother)
- Clara Sereni, writer
- Italo Svevo (b. Schmitz), author
- Humbert Wolfe, poet and civil servant[11]
- Aldo Zargani, writer
Artists
- Vito D'Ancona, painter
- Cristiana Capotondi, actress (half Jewish)
- Gioele Dix (b. Davide Ottolenghi), actor and comedian
- Ginevra Elkann, film director, sister of John and Lapo
- Arnoldo Foà, actor
- Massimiliano Fuksas, architect (Jewish father)
- Vittorio Gassman, actor (Jewish mother)
- Alessandro Haber, actor
- Carlo Levi, writer, painter and physician
- Leo Lionni
- Emanuele Luzzati, painter
- Gabriele Levy, sculptor
- Anna Magnani, actress (Jewish mother)
- Amedeo Modigliani, painter and sculptor
- Ernesto Nathan Rogers, architect, critic and editor
- Moni Ovadia, theatre figure
- Gillo Pontecorvo, director
- Xenia Rappoport, actress
- Bruno Zevi, architect
Business
- Carlo De Benedetti (born 1934), industrialist, ex-CEO of FIAT, Olivetti, CIR Group, ex-deputy chairman of Banco Ambrosiano and ex-president of Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso
- John (born 1976) and Lapo Elkann (born 1977), Vice Chairman of Fiat (Jewish father)
- Adriano Goldschmied (born 1944), fashion designer known as the "godfather of denim" who created Diesel, Replay, and AG Adriano Goldschmied; currently directing Goldsign and men's Citizens of Humanity
- Moses Haim Montefiore (1784–1885), financier and philanthropist
- Adriano Olivetti (1901–1960), son of Camillo, industrialist and social activist
- Camillo Olivetti (1868–1943), founder of Olivetti typewriters
Other
- Eugenio Calò (1906–1944), Jewish partisan awarded the Gold Medal for Military Valour
- Angelo Donati (1885–1960), banker who protected Jews in Southern France during Italian occupation in 1942-43
- Mario Finzi (1913–1945), partisan (died in Auschwitz in 1945)
- Camila Giorgi (born 1991), tennis player
- Gad Lerner (born 1954), TV anchorman and journalist
- Gillo Pontecorvo (1919-2006), filmmaker
- Giorgio Liuzzi (1895–1983), Chief of the Staff of the Italian Army from 1954 to 1959
- Renato Mannheimer (born 1947), pollster, president of IPSO
- Maurizio Molinari (born 1964), journalist and essayist
- Edgardo Mortara (1851–1940), boy kidnapped by Catholic Papal authorities
- Fiamma Nirenstein (born 1945), essayist, journalist and MP for PDL (elected in 2008)
- Enzo Sereni (1905–1944), zionist and partisan
Luxembourg
- Hugo Gernsback, science-fiction pioneer (unconfirmed)
- Emil Hirsch, reform rabbi
- Gabriel Lippmann, French physicist (Luxembourg-born)
- Arno Joseph Mayer, historian
Monaco
- Franz Schreker, composer (Jewish father)
Netherlands
Scotland
Spain and Portugal
Switzerland
- Maurice Abravanel, conductor
- Jeff Agoos, US soccer international
- Ernest Bloch, composer
- Felix Bloch, physicist, Nobel Prize (1952)
- Alain de Botton, writer
- Albert Cohen, novelist
- Arthur Cohn, film producer
- Ruth Dreifuss, Swiss president (1999)
- Camille and Henri Dreyfus, inventors of Celanese
- Al Dubin, lyricist
- Jean Dunand-Gotscho, sculptor, painter, lacquerer
- Albert Einstein, physicist, Nobel Prize (1921)
- Edmond Fischer, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1992) (Jewish father)
- Robert Frank, photographer
- Meyer Guggenheim, businessman
- Jeanne Hersch, philosopher
- Frank Key, writer
- Mathilde Krim, AIDS researcher (convert)
- Dani Levy (1957–), filmmaker, theatrical director and actor[12]
- Rolf Liebermann, Swiss music administrator and composer
- Méret Oppenheim, surrealist artist
- Rachel, stage actress (Swiss-born)
- Tadeusz Reichstein, chemist, Nobel Prize (1950)
- Edmond Safra, banker
- Jean Starobinski, literary critic
- Sigismond Thalberg, pianist and composer
- Regina Ullmann, poet
- Charles Weissmann, biochemist
- Alain and Gérard Wertheimer, owners of Chanel[13]
United Kingdom
- John Bercow, Speaker of the House of Commons
- Leon Brittan, Conservative Member of Parliament and Home Secretary
- Benjamin Disraeli, British Conservative Prime Minister; converted to Anglicanism at age 12
- Greville Janner, Labour Member of Parliament
- Tim Judah, journalist and historian
- Peter Mandelson, Labour Member of Parliament
- David Miliband, politician, Labour Party (UK)
- Ed Miliband, politician, Labour Party (UK)
- Jacob Rothschild, banker
- Elyakim Schlesinger, rabbi
See also
Notes
^ Of the 12 members of the 1928 Olympics Dutch Women's Gymnastics Team – the first ever women's gymnastics gold medalists – five were Jewish. All but Levie were murdered in the Holocaust.
Footnotes
- Ralph Miliband biography Archived 3 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-06-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Aaron ben Gershon Abu Al-Rabi biography
- Italian Jewish Communities Union
- http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1271&letter=B&search=messina
- Clark, Charles W. (2001). "Ugo Fano (1912–2001)". Nature. 410 (6825): 164. doi:10.1038/35065786.
A member of a wealthy Italian Jewish family
- Jewish Year Book 1985 p.188
- http://www.hoasm.org/IVM/BassanoAlvise.html
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "an Italian Jew"
- The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed 2001), art. Obadiah the Proselyte
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born Umberto Wolff in Milan of Jewish parentage"
- Fleishman, Jeffrey (17 December 2006). "A farcical attack on Hitler taboos". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2006.
- L'ENTREPRISE PRÉFÉRÉE DU GRAND PUBLIC. Chanel, le luxe et le secret (in French)
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