List of DNA sequencers

The market of DNA sequencer instruments is currently dominated by: Illumina (December 2019), followed by PacBio, MGI/BGI and Oxford Nanopore. There are also offerings from Qiagen GeneReader (as of December 2019) and GenapSys. The majority of sequencers can also produce RNA sequences either directly or via cDNA preparation.

The main considerations for DNA sequencer instruments or sequencing runs are:

- Throughput: total number of bases or reads per sequencing run.

- Cost per base: total cost of producing a certain amount of data (e.g. 1 Gigabase = 10E9 bases) per sequencing run.

- Quality of the basecalls (e.g. Q-score): the probability that a basecall is correct.

- Read lengths / sequence lengths: longer read or sequences are easier to use or interpret.

- Rate of production of data: amount of data produced by a sequencing run per unit of time. This relates to the throughput of the instrument over time to maximise the utilization.

- Cost of the instrument: a high capital cost of a DNA sequencing instrument increases the amortisation time over its lifetime and thus increases the cost per base.

Current platforms

An up-to-date table of current instruments still actively offered is shown:

Platform Reads x run: (M) Read length: (paired-end*, Half of data in reads**) Run time: (d) Yield: (Gb) Rate: (Gb/d) Reagents: ($) per-Gb: ($) hg-30x: ($) Machine: ($) Install base Max theoretical output per day (Gb) Max total output per day (Gb) from current installbase
ILMN iSeq 100 1fcell 4 150* 077-1.28 1.2 0.79 650 542 54167 19.9K 860 1.56 1341.6
ILMN MiniSeq 1fcell 25 150* 1 7.5 7.5 1750 218 21800 49.5K 1100 7.5 8250
ILMN MiSeq 1fcell 25 300* 17/01/2020 15 7.5 1750 117 11700 99K 7400 7.5 55500
ILMN NextSeq 550 1fcell 400 150* 1.2 120 100 5125 43 4300 250K 3600 100 360,000
ILMN HiSeq 2500 RR 2fcells 600 100* 1.125 300 106.6 13920 46 4600 740K 0 106.6 0
ILMN HiSeq 2500 V3 2fcells 3000 100* 11 600 55 35300 59 5900 690K 0 55 0
ILMN HiSeq 2500 V4 2fcells 4000 125* 2.5 1000 166 33800 34 3400 690K 1300 166 215,800
ILMN HiSeq 4000 2fcells 5000 150* 3.5 1500 400 34450 23 2300 900K 400 400 160,000
ILMN NextSeq 2000 P3 1fcell (late 2020) 1000 150* 2 300 150 6000 20 2000 335K 0 150 0
ILMN HiSeq X 2fcells 6000 150* 3 1800 600 28440 16 1600 1M-1.2M 400 600 240,000
ILMN NovaSeq SP 2fcells 1600 250* 1.58 800 505.3 11700 15 1500 985K 0 600 0
ILMN NovaSeq S1 2fcells 3200 150* 1.66 1000 600 14000 14 1400 985K 0 600 0
ILMN NovaSeq S2 2fcells 6600 150* 1.66 2500 1506 32400 13 1300 985K 0 0 0
ILMN NovaSeq S4 2fcells* 20000 150* 1.83 6000 3600 65360 7.00 700 985K 920 3600 3,312,000
PACB RSII 0.88 20K** 4.3 12 2.8 2400 200 24000 695K 100 2.8 280
PACB 8M Sequel II v2.0 chem 1 flowcell 4 45K-185K** 1 30-180 25-650 1300 43.3-7.2 3897-648 350K 114 650 74,100
PACB 48M chip R&D 1 flowcell 24 45K-185K** 1 180-1080 -- 1300 7.2-1.2 648-108 350K 0 1080 0
TMO SOLID 5500 XL 1400 60 7 180 30 10500 58.33 7000 595K 0 0 0
TMO Ion S5 510 1chip 2 - 3 200-400 0.21 1 4.8 950 950 114000 65K 0 0 0
TMO Ion S5 520 1chip 3 - 6 200-600 0.23 1 4.3 1000 500 60000 65K 0 0 0
TMO Ion S5 530 1chip 20 200-600 0.29 4 13.8 1200 150 18000 65K 0 0 0
TMO Ion Genexus GX5 1chip 48-60 200-400 -- 9.6-24 -- 3500 104.2-364.6 11196 65k 0 0 0
TMO Ion S5 540 1chip 80 200 0.42 15 35.7 1400 93.3 11196 65k 0 0 0
TMO Ion S5 550 1chip 130 200 0.5 25 50 1670 66.8 8016 65k 0 0 0
ONT Plate Flongle 1fcell=1well (2020) -- 500-2000000 3 0.5/1 -- 25/50 100-25 -- -- 0 0 0
ONT SmidgION 1fcell -- 500-2000000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 0
ONT Flongle 1fcell -- 500-2000000 0.7 1-2 1.3 90 90-45 8100-2700 -- 0 0 0
ONT MinION Mk 1B 1fcell -- 500-2000000 3 17/30-50 -- 900-475 53-9.5 4770-885 -- 4500 15 67,500
ONT GridION X5 5fcells -- 500-2000000 3 85/150-250 -- 900-475 53-9.5 4770-885 50K 100 75 7,500
ONT PromethION 48fcells -- 500-2000000 2.6 3000/7000-15000 -- 2000-625 20-3 1400-315 285K 45 5769 259,615
QiaGen GeneReader 48 100-150 -- 7.2 -- 500 -- -- -- 0 0 0
MGI DNBSEQ-Tx 8fcells (2020) 230000 PE150* 3.5 70000 20000 70000 1 100 -- 0 20000 0
MGI DNBSEQ-T7 4fcells 20000 PE150* 1 6000 6000 35000 5 500 1M 20 6000
MGI DNBSEQ-G400RS 2fcells 3600 SE400/PE200* 1.6 1440 900 -- 7 700 360K 1 130 --
DNBSEQ-G50 2fcells 300 PE100* 2 60 30 21600 360 43200 320K 1 30 30
Genapsys 1M Chip 1 150 1.17 0.15 0.1 100 667 80000 10K 1 30 30
Genapsys 16M Chip 10 - 12 150 1.17 1.2-2 NA 300 -- -- 10K 1 30 30
Genapsys 144M Chip (2020) 144 150 1.17 21.6 NA 600 28 3333 10K 1 30 30

Technologies under development

There are several new start-up and larger companies developing methods for DNA sequencing:[1]

Company Total Money Raised (MUSD) Money Raised at IPO or Acquisition (MUSD) Valuation in last raise or Market Cap (MUSD) Company Valuation for IPOed companies (MUSD) Further Info
Universal Sequencing Technology 8 0 0 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/07/direct-genomics/
Quantum-SI 0 0 0 0 info
XGenomes 0 0 1 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/12/quantumsi/
QuantuMDx 26.3 0 2 0 https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/15/xgenomes-is-bringing-dna-sequencing-to-the-masses/
iNanoBio 3.3 0 20 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/09/quantumdx/
Centrillion Biosciences 24.3 0 54 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/09/inanobio/
Direct Genomics 34.8 0 0 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/07/centrillion-technologies/
Quantapore 50.6 0 93 0 info
Ontera 32.6 100 0 --
LaserGen (acquired) 85 105 105 0 --
Stratos Genomics 55.9 0 120 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/11/stratos-genomics/
ReadCoor 25.5 0 138 0 --
Roswell Biotechnologies 38 192 0 http://41j.com/blog/2018/09/roswell-biotechnologies/
Omniome 60 0 360 0 info

References
  1. "Next-Next-Gen-Sequencing.v1.8.1 @albertvilella". Google Docs. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
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