Leamside line

The Leamside Line, originally part of the Durham Junction Railway, is a disused railway line, located in the North East of England.

The alignment diverges from the East Coast Main Line at Tursdale Junction, travelling north through the Durham Coalfield and Washington, prior to joining the Durham Coast Line at Pelaw Junction – covering a distance of around 21 miles (34 kilometres).[1]

The Leamside Line closed to passenger traffic in 1964, under the Beeching Axe.

History
Leamside line
Tyne & Wear Metro (Yellow line)
to South Shields
Durham Coast Line
Newcastle–Sunderland
and Tyne & Wear Metro (Green line)
Airport & St James–South Hylton
Pelaw Metro station
Wardley Colliery
Pontop & Jarrow Railway
to Dipton Colliery
Pontop & Jarrow Railway
to Jarrow Staithe
Follingsby Freightliner Terminal
Usworth
Stanhope & Tyne Railway
to South Shields
Washington
Stanhope & Tyne Railway
to Annfield Plain & Consett
Victoria Viaduct
over River Wear
York, Newcastle & Berwick Railway
to Sunderland
Penshaw
Lambton Railway
to Collieries
Lambton Railway
to Collieries & Lambton Staithes
Fencehouses
Rainton & Seaham Railway
to Collieries & Seaham Harbour
Rainton
Rainton Crossing
Rainton Meadows
Leamside
Lambton Railway
to Collieries
Team Valley Line
to Gateshead
Frankland
Belmont Junction (1844–1857)
Durham & Sunderland Railway
to Sunderland
Durham (Gilesgate) (1844–1857)
Lambton Railway
to Collieries & Lambton Staithes
 Sherburn House
Durham Elvet (1893–1931)
Sherburn Colliery
Durham (1857– )
Shincliffe Town (1839–1893)
 Shincliffe
Croxdale
Coxhoe
Byres Green Branch
to Bishop Auckland
GNEC&HJR
to Hartlepool
Ferryhill
Stillington Line
to Stockton
East Coast Main Line
to York

The first section of the Leamside Line was opened in August 1838, by the Durham Junction Railway, between Washington, on the Stanhope and Tyne Railway, and Rainton Meadows.

In September 1843, the Durham Junction Railway was acquired by the Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway ahead of the opening of the company's planned route between Newcastle and Darlington. The planned route involved operating over the existing alignment, owned by the Durham Junction Railway, which was operating at a loss, and therefore unable to upgrade the track.[2][3] Upon completion, passenger services commenced in June 1844, between Darlington and Greenesfield, near Gateshead. The station at Greenesfield was subsequently closed, following the opening of Newcastle, in August 1850.

The line between Washington and Pelaw was opened in September 1849, by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway – the successor of the Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway. Prior to the opening of this line, trains traveled via Brockley Whins.[4]

The stone arch Victoria Viaduct, constructed between 1836 and 1838, is inspired by the design of the Alcántara Bridge in Spain. The line travels 135 feet (41 metres) over the River Wear, carried on four arches, spanning between 100 and 160 feet (30 and 49 metres).[5][6]

The Leamside Line constituted part of the original East Coast Main Line route from London to Edinburgh, until 1872, eventually being incorporated into the North Eastern Railway. The line's main source of revenue, as with most of the early railways, was mineral traffic, principally coal from the Durham Coalfield. The line was linked to many private colliery branch lines and waggonways.

In 1872, the North Eastern Railway line between Bishop Auckland and Gateshead, as well as the Croxdale link, became part of the East Coast Main Line. Thereafter, the Leamside Line continued to carry local passenger services and freight traffic, as well as serving as a diversionary route from the East Coast Main Line.

In 1941, passenger services between Ferryhill and Leamside were withdrawn, resulting in the closure of stations at Shincliffe (in June 1941),[7] and Sherburn Colliery (in July 1941) to passengers.[8] Leamside was the next station on the line to close, in October 1953, to both goods and passengers.[9] Usworth and Washington followed around 10 years later, closing in September 1963.[10][11] Penshaw and Fencehouses subsequently closed to passengers in May 1964[12] This marked the line's closure to passenger traffic, which occurred contemporaneously with the Penshaw-Sunderland line.[13]

Ferryhill station, being at the junction with the modern ECML remained open for a further 3 years, closing to passengers in March 1967. The station closed to goods in the 1980s.[14] Coal and other freight continued to be carried for some years but declined due to the gradual demise of the Durham Coalfield in the 1970s and 1990s.

In the early 1990s, and following the closure of the Freightliner terminal at Follingsby, near Wardley, the Leamside Line was mothballed almost entirely – the terminal being the recipient of most of the line's traffic during the final years of operation. A short section of the Leamside Line from Pelaw Junction remained in operation, serving the open-cast coal mine at Wardley, which has also since closed.

After closure

Following the line's closure in the early 1990s, the double track was reduced to a single line in some places, with the track severed at some level crossings along the line. Initially, the line's engineering features remained intact. However, the embankment carrying the line over Moors Burn, located around 500 yards (460 m) from to the north of the former station at Fencehouses, had partially collapsed, leaving the former down track suspended. Substantial parts of the line and infrastructure were also missing from around the former station at Usworth, which has also become severely overgrown.

In January 2003, a large section of track, located to south of Penshaw, was stolen over a six day period.[15][16] In late 2012 and early 2013, around 16 miles (26 kilometres) of track was lifted, with Network Rail insisting that this would have no effect on any future re-opening plans, as track renewal would be necessary. The line is currently safeguarded from development, with no sales of land attached to the line.[17][18][19]

The former Freightliner terminal at Follingsby, near Wardley, is currently under development, with plans to construct an Amazon warehouse and fulfilment centre – leading to the potential creation of over 1,000 jobs.[20][21][22] The site of the former open-cast coal mine at Wardley is also now under private development.[23][24]

Proposed re-opening, upgrade and development

Since the line's closure, a number of proposals to re-open the Leamside Line were put forward, including plans by AECOM,[25] ATOC,[26] Durham County Council,[27] Railtrack, the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority.[28] The line has been considered for a number of potential uses, including a regional suburban rail service linking Tyneside and Teesside, a diversionary freight route for the East Coast Main Line, and an extension to the existing Tyne and Wear Metro network.

Part of the Durham to Sunderland Line, which diverged from the Leamside Line to the south-east of the Victoria Viaduct, re-opened in March 2002, following the Tyne and Wear Metro's extension to Wearside. The line terminates at South Hylton, around 3 miles (4.8 km) from the former junction with the Leamside Line.

There have been a number of proposals looking in to the possibility of extending the Tyne and Wear Metro to Washington, including a 2016 proposal from the North East Combined Authority (NECA),[29] as well as the abandoned Project Orpheus programme, from the early 2000s. Most recently, proposals are being put forward to link the current network at Pelaw and South Hylton, with the International Advanced Manufacturing Park in Washington, creating what is being described a South of Tyne and Wear Metro loop, using part of the alignment of the Leamside Line.[30][31]

References
  1. "Leamside Line". Railfuture. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  2. Allen, Cecil J. (1974). The North Eastern Railway. Ian Allen Publishing. pp. 71, 75. ISBN 9780711004955.
  3. Hoole, K. (1974). A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume IV: The North East. David & Charles. p. 161. ISBN 9780715364390.
  4. Hoole, K. (1974). A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume IV The North East. David & Charles. pp. 161–164. ISBN 0715364391.
  5. Smith, Martin (1994). British Railway Bridges and Viaducts. Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 24–25. ISBN 9780711022737.
  6. Historic England. "Victoria Railway Bridge (1354978)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  7. "Shincliffe". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  8. "Sherburn Colliery". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  9. "Leamside (2nd site)". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  10. "Usworth". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  11. "Washington (2nd site)". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  12. "Penshaw (2nd site)". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  13. "Fencehouses". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  14. "Ferryhill". Disused Stations. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  15. "Jail sentence for rail track thief". BBC News. 20 May 2003. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  16. Stokes, Paul (20 May 2003). "Ex-rail engineer stole two miles of track for scrap". The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  17. "Rail line's return journey derailed". JournalLive. 15 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2006.
  18. Arnold, Stuart (14 March 2018). "Mothballed railway lines on the agenda at campaign group meeting". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  19. "Leamside Line - a Freedom of Information request to Network Rail Limited". WhatDoTheyKnow. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  20. Harrison, James (12 February 2020). "New Amazon base at Follingsby 'would not compete with IAMP', say council chiefs amid reports of online giant's enterprise park buy-up". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  21. Ford, Coreena (11 February 2020). "Jobs hope as Amazon set to create Gateshead fulfilment centre". ChronicleLive. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  22. Thompson, Fiona (14 February 2020). "Jobs boost welcomed as Amazon looks set to create new base on the edge of Sunderland and South Tyneside". The Shields Gazette. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  23. Whitfield, Graeme (5 June 2018). "Former Wardley coal depot could become key site for North East economy". ChronicleLive. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  24. McCabe, John (4 June 2018). "Harworth's plans for former North East coal site could contribute millions to regional economy". North East England Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  25. "Rail Freight Review 2010" (PDF). AECOM. March 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  26. Black, David (15 June 2009). "New hope for expansion of rail network". The Journal. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  27. "Local Transport Plan 3 (LTP3)" (PDF). Durham County Council. 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  28. "Study to look at case for Leamside rail reopening". Transport Briefing. 5 December 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2006.
  29. "NECA sets out bold ambitions for Metro and local rail services". North East Combined Authority. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  30. Harrison, James (10 January 2019). "Hopes Metro could be extended to business park near Sunderland's Nissan plant". ChronicleLive. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  31. Harrison, James (22 March 2020). "'Detailed talks' underway to extend Metro to serve giant new business park". The Shields Gazette. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
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