Lattice tower

A lattice tower or truss tower is a freestanding vertical framework tower. This construction is widely used in transmission towers carrying high voltage electric power lines, in radio masts and towers (a self-radiating tower or as a support for aerials) and in observation towers. Its advantage is good shear strength at a much lower weight than a tower of solid construction would have as well as lower wind resistance. In structural engineering the term lattice tower is used for a freestanding structure, while a lattice mast is a guyed mast supported by guy lines. Lattices of triangular(3-sided) cross-section are most common, particularly in North America. Square lattices(4-sided) are also widely used and are most common in Eurasia. Lattice towers are often designed as either a space frame or a hyperboloid structure.

Before 1940, they were used as radio transmission towers especially for short and medium wave, occasionally lattice towers consisting of wood were utilized. The tallest wooden lattice tower was at Mühlacker, Germany. It had a height of 190 metres (620 ft) and was built in 1934 and demolished in 1945. Most wood lattice towers were demolished before 1960. In Germany the last big radio towers consisting of wood were the transmission towers of the Golm transmitter and the transmitter Ismaning. They were demolished in 1979 and 1983 respectively.

The tallest lattice tower is the Tokyo Skytree, with a height of 634 metres (2,080 ft). The Petronius Compliant Tower is technically taller with a pinnacle height of 640 metres (2,100 ft) but is not universally recognized since most of that height is underwater. The city most renowned for lattice towers is Cincinnati, Ohio, which features four towers above 900 feet in height, Tokyo is the only other city in the world that has more than one above that height.

The majority of the tallest steel lattice towers in the world are actually built in water and used as oil platforms. These structures are usually built in large pieces on land most commonly in Texas or Louisiana and then moved by barge to their final resting place. Since a large portion of these towers are underwater the official height of such structures is often held in dispute. The steel lattice truss for these structures, known as jackets in the oil industry, are typically far more robust and reinforced than their land based counterparts sometimes weighing more than 50,000 tons as is the case for the Bullwinkle and Baldpate platforms, whereas tall(above 1,000 feet) land based lattice towers range from a high of 10,000 tons as is the case in the Eiffel Tower to as low as a few hundred tons. They are built to a higher standard to support the weight of the oil platforms built on top of them and because of the forces they are subject to. As a result the cost to build these structures can run into the hundreds of millions. These costs are justified due to the resulting oil and gas revenues, whereas land based towers have a much lower stream of revenue and therefore the capital costs of towers are typically much less.

Tokyo Skytree, the tallest lattice tower in the world since its completion in 2012
The Kiev TV Tower is the tallest lattice tower in Russia and was the tallest lattice tower in the world for 39 years, from 1973 to 2012
The Eiffel Tower is perhaps the most famous example of a lattice tower and was the tallest lattice tower in the world for a record 68 years, from 1889 to 1957
The Tokyo Tower was the tallest lattice tower in the world for 26 years, from 1957 to 1973 and remains the tallest 4-sided lattice tower
The WITI TV Tower is the tallest lattice tower in the United States and the tallest 3-sided lattice tower in the world
Dragon Tower, the tallest observation & radio lattice tower in China features a solid core, the most common design for tall lattice towers built in China
An 800 foot long fixed steel jacket(lattice) oil platform
A 250 m (820 ft) long section of the Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform, which accounts for only about half the overall height of the structure

Steel lattice towers

30 Tallest lattice towers, all types
Rank Name Type Year Built in City/location Height m Height ft Cost Weight Remarks
1 Petronius Compliant Tower Oil Platform, Compliant tower 2000 USA Gulf of Mexico 640 2,100 500$ million 50,500[1] Tallest lattice tower of any type
2 Tokyo Skytree Lattice tower 2012 Japan Sumida, Tokyo 634 2,080 806$ million[2] 36,000 tons [3] Tallest lattice tower built on land
3 Baldpate Compliant Tower Oil Platform, Compliant tower 1998 USA Gulf of Mexico 581.5 1,908 300$ million Tallest freestanding structure in the world 1998-2000
4 Bullwinkle Platform Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1989 USA Gulf of Mexico 529 1,736 500$ million 77,000 tons Tallest fixed/rigged freestanding structure built in water
5 Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform[4] Oil Platform, Compliant tower 2008 USA Congo basin 512 1,680 820$ million[5] 69,500 tons
6 Pompano Platform Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1994 USA Gulf of Mexico 477 1,565 39,890 tons (not including platform)[6]
7 Tombua Landana platform[7] Oil Platform, Compliant tower 2009 USA Congo basin 474 1,554 200$ million[8] 81,500 tons[9][10]
8 Harmony Platform[11] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1992 South Korea[12] California 366 1,200 44,100 (not including platform)[13] height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,500ft or more in total height
9 Virgo Platform[14] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1999 USA Gulf of Mexico 344 1,130 height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,400ft or more in total height
10 Coelacanth Platform[15] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 2016 USA Gulf of Mexico 400 1,312
11 Heritage Platform[16] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1992 South Korea[17] California 326 1,070 35,500 (not including platform)[18] height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,300ft or more in total height
12 Cognac Platform[19] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1977 USA Gulf of Mexico 385.5 1,265 100$ million[20] 59,000 tons
13 Kyiv TV Tower Lattice tower 1973 Ukraine Kyiv 385 1,263 12$ million
14 Tashkent Tower Lattice tower/Steel tower 1985 Uzbekistan Tashkent 374.9 1,230 6,000 tons[21] may be categorized as a steel tower rather than a lattice tower
15 tie Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, North tower Hydro Pylon 2009 China Damao Island 370 1,214 Tallest pylons in the world
15 tie Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, South tower Hydro Pylon 2009 China Damao Island 370 1,214 Tallest pylons in the world
17 Amberjack Platform[22] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1991 USA Gulf of Mexico 314 1,030 height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,200ft or more in total height
18 Hondo Platform Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1976 USA Gulf of Mexico 354.5 1,163 70$ million[23]
19 tie Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin, North tower Hydro Pylon 2003 China Jiangyin 346.5 1,137 4,000 tons[24]
19 tie Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin, South tower Hydro Pylon 2003 China Jiangyin 346.5 1,137 4,000 tons
21 Dragon Tower Lattice tower 2000 China Harbin 336 1,102
22 Tokyo Tower Lattice tower 1957 Japan Tokyo 333 1,093 8.4$ million 4,000 tons
23 WITI TV Tower Lattice tower 1962 USA Shorewood, Wisconsin 329.4 1,081
24 Cerveza Platform[25] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1981 USA Gulf of Mexico 327 1,073 90$ million[26]
25 Cerveza Light Platform[27] Oil Platform, Steel Truss 1981 USA Gulf of Mexico 327 1,073 60$ million[28]
26 St. Petersburg TV Tower Lattice tower 1962 Russia Saint Petersburg 326 1,070
27 Eiffel Tower Lattice tower 1889 France Paris 324 1,063 1.5$ million 10,100 tons
28 WHDH-TV Tower Lattice tower 1960 USA Newton, Massachusetts 323.8 1,062
29 KCTV-Tower Lattice tower 1956 USA Kansas City, Missouri 317.6 1,042 0.42$ million 600 tons[29]
30 Turner Broadcasting Tower Lattice tower 1967 USA Atlanta, Georgia 314.3 1,031 disassembled in 2010

Lattice towers with observation decks
See also: Observation tower
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Tokyo Skytree2012JapanSumida, Tokyo634 m2080 ftTallest Lattice tower in the world
Tashkent Tower1985UzbekistanTashkent374.9 m1230 ft
Dragon Tower2000ChinaHarbin336 m1102 ft
Tokyo Tower1957JapanTokyo333 m1093 ft
Eiffel Tower1889FranceParis324 m1063 ft
Zhuzhou Television Tower1999ChinaShijiazhuang293 m961 ft
Shijiazhuang TV-tower1998ChinaShijiazhuang280 m919 ft
Kaifeng TV Tower1995ChinaKaifeng268 m879 ft
Daqing Radio and Television Tower1989ChinaDaqing260 m853 ft
Qingdao TV Tower1994ChinaQingdao232 m761 ft
Brasília TV Tower1967BrazilBrasília224 m[30]735 ft
Guangzhou TV Tower1991ChinaGuangzhou217 m712 ft
Guangdong TV Tower[31]1965ChinaGuangdong200 m656 ft
Nagoya TV Tower1954JapanNagoya180 m590 ft
Las Vegas Eiffel Tower1999United StatesLas Vegas165 m541ft1:2 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
The Parisian Macao2016ChinaMacau160 m525 ft1:2 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Blackpool Tower1894United KingdomBlackpool158 m518 ft
Funkturm Berlin1926GermanyBerlin150 m492 ftOnly observation tower standing on insulators
Sapporo TV Tower1957JapanSapporo147.2 m483 ft
Vasco-da-Gama-Tower1998PortugalLisbon145 m476 ft
Alphabetic Tower2012GeorgiaBatumi130 m427 ft
Observation tower of la Cité de l'Énergie1997CanadaShawinigan, Quebec115 m377 ft
Torre Branca1933ItalyMilan108.6 m356 ft
Kobe Port Tower1963JapanKobe108 m354 ft
Eiffel Tower of Window of the World1993ChinaShenzhen108 m354 ft1:3 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower of Tiandu City Community2007ChinaMacau108 m354 ft1:3 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Marine Tower Yokohama1961JapanYokohama106 m348 ft
Tsutenkaku1956JapanOsaka103 m338 ft
Hakata Port Tower1964JapanFukuoka103 m338 ft
Beppu Tower1957JapanBeppu100 m328 ft
Eiffel Tower of Kings Island1972USAMason, Ohio96 m315 ft1:3.5 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower of Kings Dominion1975USADoswell, Virginia96 m315 ft1:3.5 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Cholfirst Radio Tower1973SwitzerlandFlurlingen96 m315 ft
Tour métallique de Fourvière1894FranceLyon85.9 m282 ftNot used as observation tower since 1953
Sunsphere1982United StatesKnoxville81.07 m266 ft
Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town2014PakistanBahria80 m262 ft1:4 scale replica of Eiffel Tower
Torre Sant Sebastia1931SpainBarcelona78 m256 ftHarbour terminal aerial tramway
Hiratsuka TV Tower1972JapanHiratsuka70 m256 ft
Hot Springs Mountain Tower1983United StatesHot Springs Mountain65.8 m216 ft
Petřínská rozhledna1891CzechPrague60 m197 ft
Bachtel Tower1986SwitzerlandHinwil60 m197 ft
Green Tower1998JapanSanbu60 m197 ft
Gross Reken Melchenberg Radio Tower2002GermanyReken60 m197 ft
Schomberg Observation Tower2006GermanySundern60 m197 ft
Aalborgtårnet1933DenmarkAalborg54.9 m180 ft
Observation Tower Ahlbeck1998GermanyAhlbeck50 m164 ft
Joseph's Cross1896GermanyStolberg38 m124 ft
Poppenberg Observation Tower1897GermanyIlfeld33 m108 ft
Lemberg Tower1899GermanyLemberg Mountain33 m108 ft
Wanne Observation Tower1888GermanyVillingen-Schwenningen30 m98 ft
Gehrenberg Tower1903GermanyMarkdorf30 m98 ft
Tower of Unity1962GermanyHeldrastein30 m98 ftFormer additionally guyed lattice tower, which was transformed into observation tower
Gustav-Vietor-Tower1882GermanyHohe Wurzel (Taunus)25 m82 ftdemolished in 2006
Observation Tower at Goetzinger's Height1883GermanyNeustadt/Saxony25 m82 ft
Hochfirst Tower1890GermanyTitisee-Neustadt25 m82 ftAdditionally guyed
Büchenbronn Observation Tower1883GermanyBüchenbronn24.75 m81 ftAdditionally guyed
Tour du Belvédère1898FranceMulhouse-Belvédère20 m65 ft
Salzgitter Bismarck Tower1900GermanySalzgitter17 m56 ft
Gillerberg Observation Tower1892GermanyHilchenbach15 m49 ft

Radio tower carrying aerials
Star Tower, a Landmark Tower design
Moscow Octod Tower, a Hyperboloid lattice tower
Sutro Tower, a well-known San Francisco landmark featuring an uncommon 3-legged design
Wavre Transmitter features an unusual design that uses a guyed upper section to hold the transmitter in place
Example of a 4-sided lattice tower, the most common design for tall lattice towers built in Eurasia and in the Soviet Union
Example of a 3-sided lattice tower, the most common design for tall lattice towers built in America

List of radio tower above 150 m / 500 ft in height.

See also: Radio masts and towers
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftDesign type and Remarks
Tokyo Skytree 2012 Japan Sumida, Tokyo 634 m 2080 ft solid(reinforced concrete) central core[32] supported by cylindrical lattice frame, tallest lattice tower in the world
Kyiv TV Tower 1973 Ukraine Kyiv 385 m 1263 ft solid(steel) central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame with 4 legs
Tashkent Tower 1985 Uzbekistan Tashkent 374.9 m 1230 ft solid(steel) central core supported by cylindrical lattice frame with 3 steel legs, may be categorized as a steel tower rather than a lattice tower
Dragon Tower 2000 China Harbin 336 m 1102 ft solid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, upper portion 4-sided
Tokyo Tower 1957 Japan Tokyo 333 m 1093 ft 4-sided, 4 legged
WITI TV Tower 1962 USA Shorewood, Wisconsin 329.4 m 1081 ft 3-sided
St. Petersburg TV Tower 1962 Russia Saint Petersburg 326 m 1070 ft solid(steel) central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, height increase in 2011 by 16 m
Eiffel Tower 1889 France Paris 324 m 1063 ft 4-sided, 4 legged
WHDH-TV Tower 1960 USA Newton, Massachusetts 323.8 m 1062 ft 3-sided
KCTV-Tower 1956 USA Kansas City, Missouri 317.6 m 1042 ft 4-sided
Turner Broadcasting Tower 1967 USA Atlanta, Georgia 314.3 m 1031 ft 3-sided, disassembled in 2010
Yerevan TV Tower 1977 Armenia Yerevan 311.7 m 1023 ft solid(steel) central core supported by 3-sided lattice frame[33]
Fazilka TV Tower 2007 India Fazilka 304.8 m 1000 ft 4-sided
Mumbai Television Tower 1972 India Mumbai 300 m 984 ft 4-sided
Sutro Tower 1973 USA San Francisco, California 297.8 m 977 ft 3 legged guyed upper section and candelabra top
WKRQ Tower 1960's USA Cincinnati, Ohio 294.6 m 967 ft 3-sided
Zhuzhou Television Tower 1999 China Zhuzhou 293 m 961 ft solid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame
Star Tower 1991 USA Cincinnati, Ohio 290.8 m 954 ft Landmark tower design
WLWT TV Tower 1978 USA Cincinnati, Ohio 289.6 m 950 ft 3-sided
Dudelange Radio Tower 1957 Luxembourg Dudelange 285 m 935 ft 3-sided
Shijiazhuang TV-tower 1998 China Shijiazhuang 280 m 919 ft solid central core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs
AIR tower 2013 India Amritsar 280 m 919 ft 4-sided, originally intended to be 300 m/1,000 ft tall[34]. The towers height reached a peak of 280 m/919 ft with plans in place to further reduce it's height to 100 m/328 ft[35] due to a tilt in the towers angle.[36] To date no work has been done to either rectify the issue or to reduce the towers height.[37][38]
Net 25 Tower 1990 Philippines Quezon City 276.4 m 907 ft 3-sided
WCPO TV Tower 1965 USA Cincinnati, Ohio 276 m 905 ft 3-sided
Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower 1972 Georgia Tbilisi 274.5 m 901 ft solid(steel) central core supported by 3-sided lattice frame with 2 legs, may be categorized as a steel tower rather than a lattice tower
RCTI TV Tower[39] ? Indonesia Jakarta 274 m 900 ft 3-sided
Kaifeng TV Tower 1989 China Kaifeng 268 m 879 ft solid central core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs
Daqing Radio and Television Tower 1989 China Daqing 260 m 853 ft solid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, upper portion 4-sided
Moscow Octod Tower 2006 Russia Moscow 258 m 846 ft Hyperboloid structure
WTVR TV Tower 1953 USA Richmond, Virginia 257 m 843 ft 4-sided
WBNS TV Tower 1948 USA Columbus, Ohio 255.8 m 839 ft 3-sided, originally 181.3 m 595 ft additional structural members were added 1955 to reach its current height
Grodno TV Tower 1984 Belarus Grodno 254 m 833 ft 4-sided, guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 1 1932 Luxembourg Junglinster 250 m 820 ft 3-sided, 3 towers total, insulated against ground, height since 1980; 216 m / 709 ft
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 2 1932 Luxembourg Junglinster 250 m 820 ft 3-sided, insulated against ground, height since 1980; 216 m / 709 ft
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 3 1932 Luxembourg Junglinster 250 m 820 ft 3-sided, insulated against ground, height since 1980; 216 m / 709 ft
Novodnistrovsk TV Tower[40] 1987 Ukraine Dunaivtsi 250 m 820 ft 4-sided
Hanoi TV Tower[41] 2013 Vietnam Hanoi 250 m 820 ft 4-sided, 4 legged
River Road Tower[42][43] 1965 USA Washington, DC 246.6 m 809 ft 3-sided candelabra top
Seto Digital Tower 2011 Japan Seto 244.7 m 803 ft central lattice mast supported by 6 exterior legs
Vitebsk TV Tower 1983 Belarus Vitebsk 244 m 801 ft 4-sided, guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Astara TV Tower 1981 Republic of Azerbaijan Astara 243.84 m 800 ft 4-sided, guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Central tower (Königs Wusterhausen) 1925 Germany Koenigs Wusterhausen 243 m 797 ft 3-sided, collapsed on November 15, 1972
Yakutsk TV Tower 1982 Russia Yakutsk 241.71 m 793 ft 4-sided
Birobidzhan TV Tower[44] 1972 Russia Birobidzhan 241 m 791 ft 4-sided
Kharkiv TV Tower 1981 Ukraine Kharkiv 240.7 m 790 ft solid(steel) central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame with 3 legs
Tower of Power (transmitter) 1988 Philippines Quezon City 236.8 m 777 ft 4-sided
Channel 9 TV Tower[45] 1965 Australia Sydney 233 m 764 ft 4-sided
Wavre Transmitter 1983 Belgium Wavre 232 m 761 ft 4-sided, guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Hughes Memorial Tower 1989 USA Washington, DC 232 m 761 ft Landmark tower design
Qingdao TV Tower 1994 China Qingdao 232 m 761 ft solid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, upper portion 4-sided
KQTV Tower 1953 USA St. Joseph, Missouri 229 m 750 ft 4-sided, height since 2009; 179 m 579 ft
WIVB TV Tower[46] 1948 USA Buffalo, New York 226.2 m 742 ft 3-sided
TV5 Tower[47] ? Bangkok Thailand 225 m 740 ft 3-sided
Brasília TV Tower 1967 Brazil Brasília 224 m 735 ft 6-sided
Millennium Transmitter 1969 Philippines Quezon City 219.5 m 720 ft 4-sided
Sahiwal TV Tower[48] 1970's Pakistan Sahiwal 219.5 m 720 ft 4-sided
Crystal Palace Transmitter 1950 UK London 219 m 719 ft 4-sided
Mediacorp TV tower 2006 Singapore Bukit Batok 217 m 712 ft 4-sided, (1°21'5.29"N 103°45'59.11"E) built on a hill, height from lowest leg is 746 ft
Guangzhou TV Tower 1991 China Guangzhou 217 m 712 ft 4-sided, 4 legged
Blosenbergturm 1937 Switzerland Beromünster 216 m 709 ft 4-sided, Selfradiating tower insulated against ground
Channel 7/10 TV Tower[49] 1965 Australia Sydney 216 m 708 ft 4-sided
WBIR TV Tower[50] 1956 USA Knoxville, Tennessee 215.5 m 707 ft 3-sided
WTTG TV Tower[51] 1963 USA Washington, DC 214.8 705 ft 3-sided
Mariupol TV Tower[52] 1981 Ukraine Mariupol 214 m 702 ft 4-sided
Torre TV Bandeirantes 1997 Brazil São Paulo 212 m 696 ft 4-sided non-tapering
WJLA TV Tower[53] 1972 USA Washington, DC 210.9 692 ft 3-sided
TV Tower Bol d'Air-Ougrée[54] ? Belgium Bol d'Air-Ougrée 210 m 689 ft 4-sided
KTWB-TV Tower[55] 1979 USA Seattle, Washington 208 m 682 ft 3-sided
Khmelnytsky TV-tower[56] 1980 Ukraine Khmelnytskyi 208 m 682 ft 4-sided
Cimişlia TV Tower[57] ? Moldova Cimişlia 208 m 682 ft 4-sided
Cesvaine TV Tower[58] ? Latvia Cesvaine 204 m 669 ft 4-sided
Edineţ TV Tower[59] ? Moldova Edineţ 204 m 669 ft 4-sided
Rezeknes TV Tower[60] ? Latvia Rezeknes 204 m 669 ft 4-sided
Valmieras TV Tower[61] ? Latvia Valmieras 204 m 669 ft 4-sided
Antananarivo TV Tower[62] ? Madagascar Antananarivo 203 m 665ft
Klaipeda Radio and Television Station[63] 1960 Lithuania Klaipeda 202 m 663 ft 4-sided
Daugavpils TV Tower[64] 1956 Latvia Daugavpils 202 m 663 ft 4-sided, height increased in 1989
WRC TV Tower[65] 1989? USA Washington, DC 201.8 m 662 ft 3-sided
Brisbane Channel 10 TV Tower[66] ? Australia Brisbane 201.8 m 662 ft 4-sided
Guangdong TV Tower[67] 1965 China Guangdong 200 m 656 ft 8-sided
WMBC TV Tower[68] 1965 USA Montclair, New Jersey 200 m 656 ft 3-sided
VRT Zendmast Genk[69] ? Belgium Genk 200 m 656 ft 4-sided
TV5 Transmitter Tower[70] ? Philippines Quezon City 200 m 656 ft 4-sided
St. Petersburg American Tower[71] 1985 USA St. Petersburg 199.6 m 655 ft 3-sided
Krasnoyarsk TV Tower[72] ? Russia Krasnoyarsk 199 m 654 ft 4-sided
Odessa TV Tower[73] 1958 Ukraine Odessa 199 m 653 ft 4-sided
Kherson TV Tower 1994 Ukraine Kherson 199 m 653 ft 4-sided
Rádio Transamérica[74] ? Brazil São Paulo 198 m 650 ft 3-sided
Krasnodar TV Tower[75] 1959 Russia Krasnodar 197 m 646 ft 4-sided
Penza Television Centre Transmitter[76] 1958 Russia Penza 196 m 643 ft 4-sided
Rostov TV Tower[77] 1958 Russia Rostov 196 m 643 ft 4-sided
Pärnu TV Tower[78] 1963 Estonia Pärnu 196 m 643 ft 4-sided
Cherkaska TV Tower[79] 1964 Ukraine Cherkaska 196 m 643 ft 4-sided
Bilopillia TV Tower[80] 1966 Ukraine Bilopillia 196 m 643 ft 4-sided
Trostianets TV Tower[81] 1985 Ukraine Trostianets 196 m 643 ft 4-sided
Ivano-Frankivsk TV Tower[82] 1965 Ukraine Ivano-Frankivsk 195 m 640 ft 4-sided
Sky Tower West Tokyo[83] 1980 Japan Tokyo 195 m 640 ft 8-sided non-tapering
Mulhouse-Belvédère Transmission Tower[84] 1997 France Mulhouse 195 m 640 ft 3-sided
Tower at 3710 Marquis St[85] 1992 USA Garland, Texas 194.2 m 637 ft 3-sided
Dnipropetrovsk TV Tower[86] 1958 Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk 194 m 637 ft 4-sided
Lugansk TV Tower[87] 1958 Ukraine Lugansk 194 m 637 ft 4-sided
Kamenske TV Tower[88] 1965 Ukraine Kamenske 194 m 637 ft 4-sided
KSTW-TV Tower[89] 1979 USA Seattle, Washington 194 m 636 ft 3-sided
Karaganda TV Tower[90] 19 Kazakhstan Qaragandy 194 m 635 ft 4-sided
Mykolaiv TV Tower[91] 1958 Ukraine Mykolaiv 193 m 633 ft 4-sided
Yekaterinburg TV Tower (Old)[92] 1955 Russia Yekaterinburg 192 m 630 ft 4-sided
Donetsk TV Tower 1[93] 1956 Ukraine Donetsk 192 m 630 ft 4-sided
Murmansk TV Tower[94] 1957 Russia Murmansk 192 m 630 ft 4-sided
Lviv TV Tower[95] 1957 Ukraine Lviv 192 m 630 ft 4-sided
Simferopol TV Tower[96] 1958 Russia Simferopol 192 m 630 ft 4-sided
Zaporizhzhya TV Tower[97] 1959 Ukraine Zaporizhzhya 192 m 630 ft 4-sided
Orissaare TV Tower[98] 1965 Estonia Orissaare 191 m 627 ft 4-sided
Leipzig Radio Tower[99] 2015 Germany Leipzig 191 m 627 ft 4-sided
Stonehenge Tower[100] 1990 USA Portland, Oregon 190.5 m 625 ft solid(steel) central core supported by 3 legs, may be categorized as a steel tower rather than a lattice tower
ATV10 Tower[101][102] 1964 Australia Melbourne 190 m 623ft 4-sided, height increase in 2001 by 10 m
Sottens Radio Tower 1989 Switzerland Sottens 188 m 617ft 4-sided, mediumwave, selfradiating tower insulated against ground
Chisinau TV Tower[103] 1958 Moldova Chisinau 186 m 610 ft 4-sided
Soinaste Telemast[104] 1957 Estonia Tartu 186 m 610 ft 4-sided
KIRO TV Tower[105] 1958 USA Seattle, Washington 186 m 609 ft 3-sided
Santa Palomba transmitter, Main tower ? Italy Santa Palomba 186 m 609 ft 4-sided, equipped with cage antenna for mediumwave broadcasting
Ovce Pole Radio Tower[106] ? Macedonia Lozovo 185 m 608 ft 4-sided
Novosibirsk radio tower ? Novosibirsk Russia 185 m 608 ft 4-sided 54°58'46.53"N 82°53'13.00"E
Ekibastuz TV Tower[107] 1967 Kazakhstan Ekibastuz 185 m 607 ft 4-sided, horizontal bars of frame are fixed at the centre column
Vlessart TV Tower[108] ? Belgium Rue Vlessart Airmont Léglise 185 m 607 ft 4-sided, horizontal bars of frame are fixed at the centre column
Brisbane ABQ TV Tower[109] 1959 Australia Brisbane 184.3 m 605 ft 4-sided 27°27′52″S 152°56′51″E
KWEX TV Tower[110] 1998 USA San Antonio, Texas 184.1 m 604 ft 3-sided
NSS Annapolis Towers, Tower 7[111] 1938 USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft 3-sided, 3 towers remaining onsite, site previously had a total of 9 towers
NSS Annapolis Towers, Tower 8 [112] 1938 USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft 3-sided
NSS Annapolis Towers, Tower 9[113] 1938 USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft 3-sided
Tower at 503 Mcarthur Drive[114] 2016 USA New Bedford, Massachusetts 182.9 m 600 ft 3-sided
KSTP TV Tower[115] 1948 USA Saint Paul, Minnesota 181.1 m 594 ft 3-sided
WQED TV Tower[116] 1954 USA Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 181.1 m 594 ft 3-sided candelabra top
KCTS TV Tower Tower[117][118] 1965 USA Seattle, Washington 181.1 m 594 ft 3-sided
Tula TV Tower[119] 1964 Russia Tula 180 m 591 ft 4-sided
Donetsk TV Tower 2[120] 1964 Ukraine Donetsk 180 m 591 ft 4-sided
Yarok TV and Radio Tower[121] 1964 Ukraine Yarok 180 m 591 ft 4-sided
Kokshetau TV Tower[122] 1965 Kazakhstan Kokshetau 180 m 591 ft 4-sided with lateral supports added in 2002 for vertical stability after washout[123]
Andriivka TV Tower[124] 1969 Ukraine Andriivka 180 m 591 ft 4-sided
Kotovsk Communication Tower[125] 1972 Ukraine Vesternychany 180 m 591 ft 4-sided
Chongqing Radio & TV Tower[126] 1973 China Yuzhong, Chongqing CQ 180 m 591 ft
Kuldiga TV Tower[127] ? Latvia Kuldiga 180 m 591 ft 4-sided
Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street[128] 2003 Russia Perm 180 m 591 ft Hyperboloid structure
Nagoya TV Tower 1954 Japan Nagoya 180 m 590 ft 4-sided
Smolensk TV Tower[129] 1957 Russia Smolensk 180 m 590 ft 4-sided
1230 East Mermaid Lane Tower[130] 1957 USA Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 178 m 585 ft 3-sided
Ministry of Defense Building B[131] 1996 Japan Tokyo 177 m 580 ft 12-sided, built on top of a building the total height including building 220 m / 722 ft
Balashikha Tower[132] ? Russia Balashikha 176 m 577 ft 4-sided non-tapering
KING TV Tower[133] 1952 USA Seattle, Washington 174 m 570 ft 4-sided
Hirano Radio Tower Tower[134] 1971 Japan Saitama 173 m 568 ft solid central core supported with 4 legs, central core possibly made out of concrete?
WDET Tower Tower[135] 1996 USA Detroit, Michigan 172.5 m 566 ft 3-sided
KOMO TV Tower[136] 1952 USA Seattle, Washington 172 m 564 ft 3-sided
Yokohama Radio Tower ? Japan Yokohama 172 m 564 ft 4-sided 35°31'28.15"N 139°39'50.84"E
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 1 1956[137] Slovakia Rimavská Sobota 171 m 561 ft 4-sided, 4 towers[138]
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 2 1956 Slovakia Rimavská Sobota 171 m 561 ft 4-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 3 1956 Slovakia Rimavská Sobota 171 m 561 ft 4-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 4 1956 Slovakia Rimavská Sobota 171 m 561 ft 4-sided
KSAT TV Tower[139] 1957 USA Sacramento, California 170.2 m 558 ft 3-sided
Tower at 2740 South Freeway[140] 1992 USA Fort Worth, Texas 170.1 m 558 ft 4-sided
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 5[141] 1956 Slovakia Rimavská Sobota 170 m 558 ft 4-sided, 2 more towers
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 6[142] 1956 Slovakia Rimavská Sobota 170 m 558 ft 4-sided
Gore Hill ABC TV Tower[143] 1957[144] Australia Sydney 170 m 558 ft 4-sided
Anderlues TV Tower ? Belgium Anderlues 170 m 558 ft 4-sided
VRT Zendmast Oostvleteren ? Belgium Oostvleteren 170 m 558 ft 4-sided
WTVH TV Tower[145] 1948 USA Syracuse, New York 169.5 m 556 ft 4-sided
KSAT TV Tower[146] 1957 USA San Antonio, Texas 168.9 m 554 ft 3-sided
Gaocheng TV Tower[147] ? China Gaocheng 168 m 551 ft
WWVR Tower[148] 1954 USA Terre Haute, Indiana 167.6 m 550 ft 3-sided
VRT Zendmast Schoten ? Belgium Schoten 167 m 548 ft 4-sided
KNBC Mount Wilson Tower[149] 1998 USA Mount Wilson, California 166 m 545 ft 4-sided
RTBF Profondeville ? Belgium Riviere 164 m 538 ft
KSAT TV Tower[150] 1985 USA Des Moines, Iowa 163.6 m 537 ft 3-sided
TV Tower Tournai-Froidmont 1967 Belgium Tournai-Froidmont 163 m 535 ft 4-sided
WJAR TV Tower[151] 2013 USA Rehoboth, Massachusetts 162.7 m 534 ft 4-sided
WRAT Tower[152] ? USA Lake Como, NJ 162.5 m 533 ft 3-sided
WXRT Tower[153] 1971 USA Chicago, Illinois 162.2 m 532 ft 3-sided
Higashiyama TV Tower[154] 1969 Japan Nagoya 162 m 532 ft 4-sided
WOWT TV Tower[155] 1949 USA Omaha, Nebraska 161.6 m 530 ft 3-sided
Tower at 2599 Palumbo Drive[156] 1991 USA Lexington, Kentucky 161.5 m 530 ft 3-sided, 8-sided top
Martina Franca Tower 1[157] ? Italy Martina Franca 161 m 528 ft 4-sided
WIZF Tower[158][159] 1976 USA Cincinnati, Ohio 160.9 m 528 ft 4-sided
KDNL TV Tower[160][161] 1947 USA Saint Louis, Missouri 160.8 m 528 ft 4-sided
Shukhov radio tower 1922 Russia Moscow 160 m 525 ft Hyperboloid structure
Luch Tower 1[162] 1954 Ukraine Luch 160 m 525 ft 4-sided
Luch Tower 2[163] 1954 Ukraine Luch 160 m 525 ft 4-sided
Torre da TV Bahia[164] ? Brazil Salvador 160 m 525 ft 4-sided
Bell Canada Pharmacy Avenue Tower[165] 1970 Canada Toronto 160 m 524 ft 3-sided non-tapering
City of Dallas Tower[166] 1983 USA Dallas, Texas 159.4 m 523 ft 4-sided
WSAV TV Tower[167][168] 1956 USA Savannah, Georgia 159.1 m 522 ft 3-sided
Chernihiv TV Tower[169] 1959 Ukraine Chernihiv 159 m 522 ft 4-sided
Telecomm Antenna[170] ? Brazil Rio de Janeiro 159 m 522 ft 4-sided
WLLY Tower[171][172] 1995 USA Mangonia Park, Florida 158.2 m 519 ft Landmark tower design
Zendmast Zichtenburg[173] 2007 Netherlands The Hague 158 m 518 ft 3-sided
Skytel Tower[174][175] 2004 USA Des Moines 157.8 m 518 ft 3-sided
CFCN TV Tower 1960 Canada Calgary 157.6 m 517 ft 3-sided
RaTel Tower[176] 1950 Ukraine Kiev 157 m 515 ft 4-sided
Tower at 47 S State Avenue[177][178] 1991 USA Indianapolis, Indiana 155.4 m 510 ft 3-sided
Tower at 1220 S Acacia Avenue[179] 1994 USA Ripon, California 155.4 m 510 ft 3-sided
Mesquite Tower 1990 USA Mesquite, Texas 155.3 m 509.5 ft Landmark tower design
KETV TV Tower[180] 1957 USA Omaha, Nebraska 155.1 m 509 ft 3-sided
RTS TV Tower 1981 Singapore Bukit Batok 155 m 509 ft 4-sided, replaced original tower built in 1963[181]
Telecomm Antenna ? Brazil Rio de Janeiro 155 m 508 ft 4-sided 22°56'59.59"S 43°13'46.44"W
NOVEC Toren[182] 2005 Netherlands Zwolle 155 m 507 ft 3-sided
Torre da TV Cultura[183][184] 1992 Brazil São Paulo 154.8 m 507 ft 3-sided, rotating 180 degrees on its axis 3 times
Tower at 4344 Park Heights Avenue[185] 1987 USA Baltimore, Maryland 154.5 m 507 ft 3-sided
Tower at 78 Veronica Avenue[186] 2013 USA Franklin Township, New Jersey 154.5 m 507 ft 3-sided
Washington Police Department Tower[187] ? USA Washington, DC 154.3 m 506 ft 4-sided
WSB TV Tower[188] 1975 USA Atlanta, Georgia 154.2 m 506 ft 3-sided
Tower at 1420 R.Americo Salgado ? Brazil Cuiaba 154.2 m 506 ft 4-sided 15°35'12.57"S 56° 5'36.58"W
Old KLDT TV Tower[189] 1990 USA Lewisville, Texas 153.6 m 504 ft 3-sided
WOAI TV Tower[190][191] 2010 USA San Antonio, Texas 153.3 m 503 ft 3-sided
Tower at 26501 Renaissance Parkway[192] 1990 USA Cleveland, Ohio 153 m 502 ft 3-sided
WRDW TV Tower[193] 1998 USA Augusta, Georgia 152.7 m 501 ft 3-sided
Tower at 1060 Gatewood Avenue[194] 2019 USA Greensboro, North Carolina 152.7 m 501 ft 3-sided
Croydon Transmitter 1962 UK London, Surrey 152 m 500 ft 4-sided
IBC Tower[195] 1978 Philippines Quezon City 152 m 500 ft 4-sided
Tower at 4802 Lookaway Drive[196] 1987 USA Cincinnati, Ohio 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
PTV Television Transmitter[197] 1993 Philippines Quezon City 152.4 m 500 ft 4-sided
Tower at 1350 Howell Mill Road[198] 1995 USA Atlanta, Georgia 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
WPTK (850 AM) Tower[199] 1996 USA Cary, North Carolina 152.4 m 500 ft 4-sided
Tower at 15 Van Dyke Avenue[200] 1999 USA New Brunswick, New Jersey 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 180 Freeman Avenue[201] 2000 USA Islip, NY 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Cleveland Buckeye Terminals Tower[202] 2000 USA Cleveland, Ohio 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 1810 Jeffries[203] 2000 USA Dallas, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Susquehanna Radio Corp Tower[204] 2001 USA Dallas, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 2949 2/3 Carr Street[205] 2001 USA Houston, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 5109 Carder Road[206] 2004 USA Orlando, Florida 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 5320 Shepard Drive[207] 2008 USA Houston, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 2500 Se Loop 820[208] 2011 USA Fort Worth, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 4-sided
City of Conroe Fire Dept. Tower[209] 2011 USA Spring, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 6922 Katy Road[210] 2012 USA Houston, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
San Antonio Police Department Tower[211] 2012 USA San Antonio, Texas 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Indian River State College Tower[212] 2013 USA Fort Pierce, Florida 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
Tower at 19 Oldham Street[213] 2017 USA Nashville, TN 152.4 m 500 ft 3-sided
RKS Mělník-Chloumek ? Czech Republic Mělník 152 m 500 ft Mediumwave
RKS Dobrochov ? Czech Republic Dobrochov 152 m 500 ft Mediumwave
Antena Califormula Broadcasting[214] ? Mexico Tijuana 152 m 500 ft 4-sided
Tower at 210 R.Bruxeias ? Brazil São Paulo 152 m 500 ft 4-sided 23°32'36.94"S 46°40'58.31"W
Federal Hill Road Tower[215] 1970 USA Pompton Lakes, New Jersey 152.1 m 499 ft 3-sided
WHBF TV Tower[216] 1950 USA Rock Island, Illinois 152 m 499 ft 4-sided
WAFB TV Tower[217] 1951[218] USA Baton Rouge, Louisiana 152 m 499 ft 3-sided, second source lists the tower as being 475 ft tall
Tower at 375 Midland Avenue[219] 1981 USA Detroit, Michigan 152 m 499 ft 3-sided
WMUZ Tower[220] 1985 USA Detroit, Michigan 152 m 499 ft 3-sided
L3Harris Technologies Tower[221] 1992 USA Key Largo, Florida 152 m 499 ft 3-sided
Tower at 11149 Trinity Blvd[222] 1997 USA Fort Worth, Texas 152.2 m 499 ft 4-sided candelabra top
Charlotte American Tower[223][224] 2001 USA Charlotte, North Carolina 151 m 499 ft 3-sided candelabra top
Tower at 14247 Old St. Augustine Road[225] 2002 USA Jacksonville, Florida 152 m 499 ft 3-sided
Cumulus Media Tower[226][227] 2004 USA Shreveport, Louisiana 152 m 499 ft Landmark tower design
WPEC TV Tower[228] 2008 USA West Palm Beach, Florida 152 m 499 ft 3-sided
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 1[229] 2009 USA North Bergen, New Jersey 152.1 m 499 ft 3-sided, 3 towers
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 2[230] 2009 USA North Bergen, New Jersey 152.1 m 499 ft 3-sided
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 3[231] 2009 USA North Bergen, New Jersey 152.1 m 499 ft 3-sided
AR & JR Radio Tower[232] 2017 USA Austin, Texas 152 m 499 ft 3-sided candelabra top
City of Chesapeake Tower[233][234] 2018 USA Chesapeake, Virginia 152 m 499 ft 3-sided
City of Jackson Tower[235] ? USA Jackson, Mississippi 152 m 499 ft Landmark tower design
Tower at 2060 15th Avenue South[236][237] 1999 USA Nashville, Tennessee 151.8 m 498 ft 3-sided
WETA TV Tower[238] ? USA Arlington, Virginia 151 m 495 ft 3-sided
Houdeng TV Tower ? Belgium Houdeng 151 m 495 ft 4-sided
Tour Dégueu[239] ? Belgium Leglise-Anlier 151 m 495 ft 4-sided, guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars
Tower at 1450 Westpark Way[240] 1996 USA Fort Worth, Texas 150.6 m 494 ft 4-sided candelabra top
Tower at 67315 Kirkwood Heights Road[241] 2005 USA Brookside, Ohio 150.3 m 493 ft 3-sided
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 1 1927 Finland Lahti 150 m 492 ft Two towers carrying an antenna for longwave
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 2 1927 Finland Lahti 150 m 492 ft Two towers carrying an antenna for longwave
Mannesmann Tower Vienna 1954 Germany Vienna 150 m 492 ft
Halle Radio Tower 2005 Germany Halle 150 m 492 ft
RPN Transmitter Tower[242] ? Philippines Quezon City 150 m 492 ft 4-sided
KDFW TV Tower[243] 1949 USA Dallas, Texas 149.8 m 491 ft 4-sided, originally 179 m 586 ft

Electrical Pylons

List of Electrical pylons above 122 m / 400 ft in height.

View of one of the Jiangyin lattice towers, the second tallest set of Electrical pylons in the world
Pylons of Messina formerly connected Europe to Africa, an underwater cable is used today
Elbe Crossing 2 the tallest Electrical pylons in Germany
Chūshi Powerline Crossing the tallest Electrical pylons in Japan
400 kV Thames Crossing the tallest Electrical pylons in the United Kingdom
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie2009ChinaDamao Island370 m1214 ftTallest pylons in the world
Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin2003ChinaJiangyin346.5m1137 ft
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line2012BrazilAlmeirim295 m968 ftTallest electricity pylons in South America
Yangtze River crossing of Shanghai-Huainan Powerline2013ChinaGaogouzhen269.75885 ft
Pylons of Pearl River Crossing1987ChinaPearl River253 m & 240 m830 ft & 787 ft
Orinoco River Crossing?VenezuelaCaroní240 m787 ft
Hooghly River Crossing?IndiaDiamond Harbour236 m774 ft
Pylons of Messina 1957 Italy Messina 232 m 761 ft not used as pylons any more, 224 m not including concrete base
HVDC Yangtze River Crossing Wuhu2003ChinaWuhu229 m751 ftTallest electricity pylons used for HVDC
Elbe Crossing 2 1976–1978 Germany Stade 227 m 744 ft
Chūshi Powerline Crossing1962JapanTakehara226 m742 ftTallest electricity pylons in Japan
Daqi-Channel-Crossing1997JapanTakehara223 m732 ft
Overhead line crossing Suez Canal 1998 Egypt 221 m 725 ft
Yangzi River Crossing of HVDC Xianjiaba – Shanghai[244]2009China???202 m663 ft
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower East?RussiaBalakovo197 m646 ft
LingBei-Channel-Crossing1993JapanReihoku195 m640 ft
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing 22019BelgiumAntwerpen192 m630 ftSecond crossing of Schelde River
400 kV Thames Crossing1965UKWest Thurrock190 m623 ft
Elbe Crossing 11958–1962GermanyStade189 m620 ft
Kogushi Electric Power Transmission Tower[245]1994JapanOkayama185 m607 ft
Antwerp Deurganck dok crossing2000BelgiumAntwerpen178 m584 ftCrossing for a container quay
Línea de Transmisión Carapongo – Carabayllo 2015 Perú Lima 176 m 577 ft Crossing of Rimac River
Tracy Saint Lawrence River Powerline Crossing?CanadaTracy174.6 m573 fttallest electricity pylon in Canada
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing[246]?BelgiumAntwerp170 m558 ft
Mississippi River Crossing at Sunshine1967USASunshine164.6 m540 ft
Lekkerkerk Crossing 11970NetherlandsLekkerkerk163 m534 ftTallest crossing in the Netherlands
Bosporus overhead line crossing III1999TurkeyIstanbul160 m525 ft
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower West?RussiaBalakovo159 m522 ft
Pylons of Cadiz?SpainCadiz158 m519 ft
Mississippi River Crossing at Montz[247]1991USAMontz152.1 m499 ft
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line at Jurupari island2012BrazilAlmeirim150 m492 ft
Maracaibo Bay Powerline Crossing?VenezuelaMaracaibo150 m492 ftTowers on caissons
Meredosia-Ipava Illinois River Crossing2017United StatesBeardstown149.35 m490 ft
Aust Severn Powerline Crossing?UKAust148.75 m488 ft
132 kV Thames Crossing1932UKWest Thurrock148.4 m486 ftdemolished in 1987
Karmsundet Powerline Crossing?NorwayKarmsundet143.5 m471 ft6 pylons
Limfjorden Overhead powerline crossing 2?DenmarkRaerup141.7 m465 ft
Saint Lawrence River HVDC Quebec-New England Overhead Powerline Crossing1989CanadaDeschambault-Grondines140 m459 ftdismantled in 1992
Pylons of Voerde1926GermanyVoerde138 m452 ft
Köhlbrand Powerline Crossing?GermanyHamburg138 m452 ft
Bremen-Farge Weser Powerline Crossing?GermanyBremen135 m443 ft
Mississippi River Crossing, Lower Coast Substation[248]1991USANew Orleans134.7 m442 ft
Pylons of Ghesm Crossing1984IranStrait of Ghesm130 m426 ftOne pylon standing on a caisson in the sea
Shukhov tower on the Oka River1929RussiaDzerzhinsk128 m420 ftHyperboloid structure, 2 towers, one of them demolished
Tarchomin pylon of Tarchomin-Łomianki Vistula Powerline Crossing?PolandTarchomin127 m417 ft
Skolwin pylon of Skolwin-Inoujście Odra Powerline Crossing?PolandSkolwin126 m413 ft
Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing 21977UkraineEnerhodar126 m413 ft
Little Belt Overhead powerline crossing 2?DenmarkMiddelfart125.3 m & 119.2 m411ft & 391 ft
Inoujście pylon of Skolwin-Inoujście Odra Powerline Crossing?PolandInoujście125 m410 ft
Bosporus overhead line crossing II1983TurkeyIstanbul124 m407 ft
Duisburg-Wanheim Powerline Rhine Crossing?GermanyDuisburg122 m400 ft

Wind turbines
The Nowy Tomyśl Wind Turbines
Main article: Wind turbine
TowerYearCountryTownPinnacleRemarks
Nowy Tomyśl Wind Turbines 2012 Poland Nowy Tomyśl, Poland 210 m 160 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 100 metres diameter
Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow 2006 Germany Laasow, Brandenburg 205 m 160 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 90 metres diameter
Fuhrländer Wind Turbines Spremberg 2009 Germany Spremberg, Brandenburg 191 m 141 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 100 metres diameter, 9 units
Laubersreuth Fuhrländer Wind Turbines 2010 Germany Münchberg, Bavaria 191 m 141 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 100 metres diameter, 2 units
Ewiger Fuhrmann Vestas V66 Wind Turbine Germany Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia 150 m 117 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 66 metres diameter
Oyten Vestas V-66 Wind Turbines 2000/2002 Germany Oyten, Lower-Saxony 150 m 117 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 66 metres diameter, 2 units
Elspe Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbine 2001 Germany Elspe, North Rhine-Westphalia 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter
Melle Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2001/2003 Germany Melle, Lower Saxony 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 6 units
Heisberg Südwind S77 Wind Turbine 2002 Germany Freudenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter
Wallmersbach Südwind S77 Wind Turbine 2002 Germany Uffenheim, Bavaria 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter
Achim Vestas V66 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Achim, Lower Saxony 150 m 117 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 66 metres diameter, 3 units
Badbergen Südwind S70\1500 wind turbines 2002 Germany Badbergen, Lower-Saxony 150 m 114,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 70 metres diameter, 12 units
Dinklage Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Dinklage, Lower Saxony 150 m 114,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 70 metres diameter, 5 units
Beedenbostel Vestas V66 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Beedenbostel, Lower Saxony 150 m 117 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 66 metres diameter, 5 units
Büddenstedt Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Helmstedt, Lower Saxony 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Schwagstorf Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Ostercappeln, Lower Saxony 150 m 114,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 70 metres diameter, 12 units
Kamp-Lintfort Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2003 Germany Kamp-Lintfort, North Rhine-Westphalia 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Wetzdorf REpower MD77 Wind Turbines 2003 Germany Wetzdorf, Thuringia 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter,2 units
Hilgershausen Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2003/ 2004 Germany Felsberg, Hesse 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Kirchlinteln Vestas V66 Wind Turbines 2004 Germany Kirchlinteln, Lower Saxony 150 m 117 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 66 metres diameter, 4 units
Dretzen Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines 2005 Germany Dretzen, Brandenburg 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 10 units
Bad Laer Nordex N90 Wind Turbine 2005 Germany Bad Laer, Lower Saxony 150 m 105 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 90 metres diameter
Achmer Nordex N90 wind turbines 2006 Germany Achmer, Lower-Saxony 150 m 105 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 90 metres diameter, 9 units
Alfhausen Nordex N90 wind turbines Germany Alfhausen, Lower-Saxony 150 m 105 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 90 metres diameter, 12 units
Nike Laakdal Wind Park 2006 Belgium Laakdal 150 m 111.5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 6 units
Voltlage Nordex S77 wind turbines 2006 Germany Voltlage, Lower-Saxony 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 7 units
Pattensen REpower MD77 Wind Turbine 2007 Germany Pattensen, Lower Saxony 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter
Kölkebeck REpower MD77 Wind Turbines 2007 Germany Kölkebeck, North Rhine-Westphalia 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Schorbus REpower MD77 Wind Turbines 2007 Germany Schorbus, Brandenburg 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter,2 units
Illerich Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines 2005 Germany Illerich, Rheinland-Pfalz 150 m 111,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Glandorf Fuhrländer FL 70 Wind Turbine 2003 Germany Glandorf, Lower Saxony 149,5 m 114,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 70 metres diameter
Urfeld Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2001 Germany Wesseling, North Rhine-Westphalia 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Vorderbreitenthann Südwind S77 Wind Turbine 2002 Germany Uffenheim, Bavaria 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter
Muthmannshofen Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Muthmannshofen, Bavaria 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Werl REpower MD 77 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Werl, North Rhine-Westphalia 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 Anlage
Bennien Südwind S77 Wind Turbines 2003 Germany Melle, Lower Saxony 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 4 units
Wetzdorf REpower MD77 Wind Turbines 2003 Germany Wetzdorf, Thuringia 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter,2 units
Kölkebeck Nordex S77 Wind Turbine 2006 Germany Kölkebeck, North Rhine-Westphalia 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter
Litzendorf REpower MD77 Wind Turbines 2008 Germany Litzendorf, Bavaria 135 m 96,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 77 metres diameter, 2 units
Auetal Nordex N 62 Wind Turbines 2001 Germany Auetal, Lower Saxony 100 m 69 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 62 metres diameter, 3 units
Möllenberg Nordex N 62 Wind Turbines 2001 Germany Möllenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia 100 m 69 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 62 metres diameter, 4 units
Vechta Nordex N 62 Wind Turbines 2001 Germany Vechta, Lower Saxony 100 m 69 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 62 metres diameter, 3 units
Qingdao Nordex N 62 Wind Turbines 2003 China Qingdao 100 m 69 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 62 metres diameterr, 12 units
Barnstorf Vestas V 47 Wind Turbines 2000 Germany Barnstorf, Lower Saxony 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter, 4 units
Barver Vestas V 47 Wind Turbine 2000 Germany Barver, Lower Saxony 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter
Blender Vestas V 47 Wind Turbine 2000 Germany Blender, Lower Saxony 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter
Meinerzhagen Vestas V 47 Wind Turbine 2000 Germany Meinerzhagen, Lower Saxony 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter
Ronnenberg Vestas V 47 Wind Turbines 2001 Germany Ronnenberg, Lower Saxony 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter
Blieskastel Vestas V 47 Wind Turbine 2001 Germany Blieskastel, Rheinland-Pfalz 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter
Zehlendorf Vestas V 47 Wind Turbines 2002 Germany Zehlendorf, Brandenburg 99,5 m 76 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 47 metres diameter
Stemwede Nordex N 43 Wind Turbines 1997 Germany Stemwede, North Rhine-Westphalia 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter, 10 units
Oelde Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 1997 Germany Oelde, North Rhine-Westphalia 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Silixen Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 1998 Germany Silixen, North Rhine-Westphalia 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Sassenberg Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 1998 Germany Sassenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Osnabrück Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 1998 Germany Osnabrück, Lower Saxony 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Celle Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 1998 Germany Celle, Lower Saxony 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Alzey-Hochborn Nordex N 43 Wind Turbines 1998/1999 Germany Alzey-Hochborn, Rheinland-Pfalz 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter, 14 units
Fürfeld Nordex N 43 Wind Turbines 1999 Germany Fürfeld, Rheinland-Pfalz 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter, 2 units
Brest Nordex N 60 Wind Turbines 1999/2000 Germany Brest, Lower Saxony 99 m 69 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 60 metres diameter, 11 units
Lotte Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 2001 Germany Lotte, Lower Saxony 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Fürfeld Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 2001 Germany Fürfeld, Rheinland-Pfalz 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Rödinghausen Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 2001 Germany Rödinghausen, Lower Saxony 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Mücheln-Oechlitz Nordex N 43 Wind Turbines 2003 Germany Mücheln-Oechlitz, Saxony 99 m 77,5 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter, 3 units
Erbendorf SB 56 Wind Turbines 2003 Germany Erbendorf, Bavaria 99 m 71 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 56 metres diameter, 3 units
Neustadt/Rübenberge Nordex N 60 Wind Turbines 1999/2000 Germany Neustadt/Rübenberge, Lower Saxony 95 m 65 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 60 metres diameter, 9 units
Karpatos Nordex N 43 Wind Turbine 1999 Greece Karpatos 71,5 m 50 metre tall lattice tower carrying a rotor with 43 metres diameter
Vöhrenbach-Fernhöhe Nordex N29 Wind Turbine 1996 Germany Vöhrenbach, Baden-Württemberg 66.25 m 51.5-metre-high lattice tower carrying a rotor with 29.5 metres diameter
Salzburger Kopf Nordex N29 Wind Turbine 1996 Germany Salzburg, Rhineland-Palatine 66,25 m 51.5-metre-high lattice tower carrying a rotor with 29.5 metres diameter
Ramsloh Nordex N27 Wind Turbine 1995 Germany Saterland, Lower-Saxony 54 m 41-metre-high lattice tower carrying a rotor with 27 metres diameter


Oil Platforms
Name Year Built in Current location Height m Height ft Type Remarks
Petronius Compliant Tower 2000 USA Gulf of Mexico 640 2,100 Compliant tower Tallest freestanding structure in the world 2000-2008
Baldpate Compliant Tower 1998 USA Gulf of Mexico 581.5 1,908 Compliant tower Tallest freestanding structure in the world 1998-2000
Bullwinkle Platform 1989 USA Gulf of Mexico 529 1,736 Truss tower Tallest fixed/rigged freestanding structure built in water
Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform[249] 2008 USA Congo basin 512 1,680 Compliant tower
Pompano Platform 1994 USA Gulf of Mexico 477 1,565 Truss tower
Tombua Landana platform[250] 2009 USA Congo basin 474 1,554 Compliant tower
Coelacanth Platform[251] 2016 USA Gulf of Mexico 400 1,312 Truss tower
Cognac Platform[252] 1977 USA Gulf of Mexico 385.5 1,265 Fixed truss tower
Harmony Platform[253] 1992 South Korea[254] California 366 1,200 Fixed truss tower height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform
Hondo Platform[255] 1976 USA Gulf of Mexico 354.5 1,163 Truss tower
Virgo Platform[256] 1999 USA Gulf of Mexico 344 1,130 Truss tower height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform
Cerveza Platform[257] 1981 USA Gulf of Mexico 327 1,073 Truss tower
Cerveza Light Platform[258] 1981 USA Gulf of Mexico 327 1,073 Truss tower
Heritage Platform[259] 1992 South Korea[260] California 326 1,070 Truss tower height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform
Amberjack Platform[261] 1991 USA Gulf of Mexico 314 1,030 Truss tower height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform

Jackup Rigs
Main article: Jackup rig
NameYearCountryHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Noble Lloyd Noble[262] 214 m 702 ft
XL Enhanced (XLE), Ultra Harsh Environment jackup[263] 2016 206.8 m 678 ft 4 vessels
Cat J super-rigs[264] 198 m 650 ft


Chimneys
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Schilling Power Plant Chimney[265] 1962 Germany Stade 220 m 722 ft Demolished in 2005
Chita Power Plant, stack 1[266] ? Japan Chita 220 m 722 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 1[267] ? Belgium Antwerp 211 m 694 ft
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 2[268] ? Belgium Antwerp 205 m 673 ft
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 3[269] ? Belgium Antwerp 204 m 669 ft
Sakaide Power Plant[270] 1971 Japan Sakaide 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Hekinan Power Plant, stack 1[271] ? Japan Hekinan 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Hekinan Power Plant, stack 2[272] ? Japan Hekinan 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Atsumi Power Plant[273] ? Japan Atsumi 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Chita Power Plant, stack 2[274] ? Japan Chita 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Chita Daini Power Plant[275] ? Japan Chita 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Anan Power Plant[276] ? Japan Anan 200 m 656 ft Arguably not a lattice tower
Stadtwerketurm[277] 1967 Germany Duisburg 200 m 656 ft Lattice section is only the upper 135 m / 443 ft, partially dismantled and no longer in use
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 4[278] ? Belgium Antwerp 185 m 607 ft
1st Chimney of SK-46[279] 1984 Ukraine Zhovti Vody 180 m 591 ft demolished in 2015
2nd Chimney of SK-46[280] 1987 Ukraine Zhovti Vody 180 m 591 ft
Nitric Acid Shop Chimney[281] ? Ukraine Siverodonetsk 155 m 509 ft
Legnica Copper Smelter[282] ? Poland Legnica 150 m 493 ft
Weak Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk[283] ? Ukraine Siverodonetsk 150 m 492 ft
Flarestick 4 of PKN Orlen[284] 2009 Poland Plock 147 m 481 ft

Pillars of aerial tramways
Main article: Aerial lift pylon
TramwayYearCountryTownPinnacleRemarks
New Eibsee Aerial Tramway Pylon[285]2017GermanyGrainau127.1 mTallest pillar of aerial tramway in the world
Glacial Aerial Tramway Kaprun III1966AustriaKaprun113.6 m
Torre Jaume I1931SpainBarcelona107 mIntermediate stop, also observation tower
Gant Hohtaelli Aerial Tramway?SwitzerlandZermatt94 m
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 11962GermanyGarmisch-Partenkirchen85 mDemolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon
3S Aerial Tramway2004AustriaKitzbühel80 m
Torre Sant Sebastia1931SpainBarcelona78 mTerminal of harbour aerial tramway of Barcelona Spain
Wendelstein Aerial Tramway1970GermanyBischofsmais75 m
Sandia Peak Tramway1965United StatesAlbuquerque70.7 minclined in an angle of 18 degree
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 21962GermanyGarmisch-Partenkirchen65 mDemolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon


Monuments
See also: Monument
TowerYearCountryTownPinnacleRemarks
Torre del Reformador 1935 Guatemala Guatemala City 75 m
Mount Gorbea summit cross 1907 Spain Mount Gorbea 17.2 m


Lighthouses
Main article: Lighthouse
TowerYearCountryTownPinnacleRemarks
Campen Lighthouse 1889 Germany Krummhörn 65.3 m
The Duga radar array

Other uses
TowerYearCountryTownHeight mHeight ftRemarks
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre[286] 2004 Denmark Bøvlingbjerg 165 m 541 ft 2 towers, used for wind measurements
Arts Centre Melbourne 1996 Australia Melbourne 162 m 532 ft performing arts centre, rebuilt, height includes building structure at base, original lattice tower completed in 1981 was 115m
Panmunjom Flagpole 2009 North Korea Peace Village 160 m 525 ft Flagpole
Ring of Life[287] 2012 China Fushun 157 m 515 ft Monument
Duga radar 1976 Ukraine Chernihiv 150 m 492 ft Over-the-horizon radar, comprising 17 towers
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility 2014 USA California 139.9 m 459 ft 3 towers, Solar power towers
Parachute Tower Katowice 1937 Poland Katowice 50 m 246 ft Parachute tower

Wooden lattice towers
Radio Tower Gliwice is the tallest wooden lattice tower in the world

Existing towers
TowerYearCountryTownPinnacle heightRemarks
Radio Tower Gliwice 1935 Poland Gliwice 118 m Museum on Radio History and Visual Arts
Rottenbuch Radio Tower 2002 Germany Peiting 66 m Tower for directional radio and mobile phone services
Tour du Millénaire 2001 Belgium Gedinne 60 m interesting design
Aalborgtårnet 1933 Denmark Aalborg 54.9 m observation tower
Aerial test facility Brück 1963 Germany Brück 54 m Two towers of different design
Torre de Herveo 1922 Colombia Manizales 52 m former support structure of aerial tramway
Observation Tower Blumenthal 2004 Germany Blumenthal 45 m observation tower
Copenhagen Zoo Tower 1905 Denmark Copenhagen 43.5 observation tower
Chuderhüsi Tower 2001 Switzerland Röthenbach 42 m observation tower
Teltschik Tower 2001 Germany Wilhelmsfeld 41 m observation tower
Veitsch Mount of Olives Pilgrims Cross 2004 Austria Veitsch 40.6 m observation tower
Wil Tower 2006 Switzerland Wil 38 m observation tower
Raiffeisen Observation Tower 1990 Germany Aldorf 35 m observation tower
Oberpfalz Tower 2000 Germany Platte 35 m observation tower
Loorenkopf Observation Tower 1954 Switzerland Zurich 33 m observation tower
Ossinger Tower 2013 Germany Ossinger mountain 32 m observation tower
Eugen-Keidel Tower 1981 Germany Schauinsland mountain 31 m observation tower
Atzelberg Tower 1980 Germany Kelkheim 30.39 m observation tower
Fire observation Tower Rennbeck ? Germany Oer 30 m fire observation tower
Idarkopf Tower 1980 Germany Idarkopf 28 m observation tower
Hohenmirsberg Observation Tower 2008 Germany Pottenstein 28 m observation tower
Höhbeck Observation Tower 2008 Germany Höhbeck 26 m observation tower
Loth Tower 2003 Switzerland Magglingen 25 m observation tower
Salzkopfturm 1975 Germany Salzkopf 24 m observation tower
Observation Tower Burgstall 2000 Austria Kirchberg/Donau 24 m observation tower
Krawutschke Tower 1972 Germany Burgberg 13 m observation tower


Destroyed lattice towers

Destroyed Steel lattice towers

Notable freestanding steel lattice towers that have been demolished over the years.

TowerBuiltDemolitionDurationCountryTownHeight mHeight ftPurposeDesign TypeRemarks
Turner Broadcasting tower 1967 2010 43 years USA Atlanta, Georgia 314.3 m 1031 ft Broadcast transmitter 3-sided tallest lattice tower to ever be demolished, disassembled piece by piece in 2010
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 1 1918 1944 26 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided six of the eight towers were built by 1918, the last two were completed in 1920. The retreating German army demolished all but one of the tower in 1944, the last tower was deconstructed in 1953[288]
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 2 1918 1944 26 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 3 1918 1944 26 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 4 1918 1944 26 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 5 1918 1944 26 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 6 1920 1944 24 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 7 1918 or 1920 1944 24 or 26 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 8 1918 or 1920 1953 31 or 33 years France Marcheprime 250 m 820 ft Military communications 3-sided
Central tower (Königs Wusterhausen) 1925 1972 47 years Germany Koenigs Wusterhausen 243 m 797 ft Broadcast transmitter collapsed during storm on November 15, 1972
WOR TV Tower 1949 1956 7 years USA North Bergen, New Jersey 231.65 m 760 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided dismantled after being struck by an aircraft in 1956
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 1[289] 1943 2010 67 years Russia Novosemeykino 205 m 673 ft Military communications 3-sided demolished[290],selfradiating insulated against ground
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 2[291] 1943 2010 67 years Russia Novosemeykino 205 m 673 ft Military communications 3-sided demolished[292],selfradiating insulated against ground
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 3[293] 1943 2010 67 years Russia Novosemeykino 205 m 673 ft Military communications 3-sided demolished[294],selfradiating insulated against ground
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 4[295] 1943 2010 67 years Russia Novosemeykino 205 m 673 ft Military communications 3-sided demolished[296],selfradiating insulated against ground
LORAN-C transmitter Carolina Beach 1952[297] 1958 6 years USA Carolina Beach, North Carolina 190.5 m 625 ft LORAN-C transmitter collapsed caused by Hurricane Helene September 26, 1958
Transmitter Sottens, old transmission tower 1948 1989 41 years Switzerland Sottens 190 m 623 ft Mediumwave demolished, selfradiating tower insulated against ground
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 1[298] 1919 1938 19 years USA Cayey, Puerto Rico 189 m 620 ft Military communications 3-sided
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 2 1919 1938 19 years USA Cayey, Puerto Rico 189 m 620 ft Military communications 3-sided
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 3 1919 1938 19 years USA Cayey, Puerto Rico 189 m 620 ft Military communications 3-sided
Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower 1948 2014 66 years Canada Cambridge Bay 189 m 620 ft LORAN-C transmitter 4-sided demolished in August 2014 [299]
Trylon and Perisphere 1939 1941 2 years USA New York City 186 m 610 ft Monument 3-sided built for the 1939 New York World's Fair, demolished in 1941[300]
NAA (Arlington, Virginia), Tower 1[301] 1913 1951 38 years USA Arlington, Virginia 183 m 600 ft Military communications 4-sided The first of several US Naval radio transmitting station,[302] it was the tallest lattice tower in the United States when built and second tallest in the world after the Eiffel Tower
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 1[303] 1914 1993? 79 years USA (Now Panama) Balboa 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided Began operations in 1912, it is unknown when the station was decommissioned but by 1999 all towers on site were demolished[304]. The site itself was transferred to Panama in 1996[305]
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 2 1914 1993? 79 years USA (Now Panama) Balboa 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 3 1914 1993? 79 years USA (Now Panama) Balboa 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 4 1914 1993? 79 years USA (Now Panama) Balboa 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 5 1914 1993? 79 years USA (Now Panama) Balboa 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 6 1914 1993? 79 years USA (Now Panama) Balboa 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 1[306] 1915 1971 56 years USA (Now Philippines) Cavite 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided The three towers built by the US Navy
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 2 1915 1971 56 years USA (Now Philippines) Cavite 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 3 1915 1971 56 years USA (Now Philippines) Cavite 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1[307] 1917 1995 78 years USA San Diego 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided Tied for tallest lattice towers in the United States from 1917 to 1949
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 1917 1995 78 years USA San Diego 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 3 1917 1995 78 years USA San Diego 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor[308]/Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1 1917 1936 19 years USA Pearl Harbor 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided List of VLF-transmitters the transmitters, possibly the towers as well, were later used at Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility[309]
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor/Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 1917 1936 19 years USA Pearl Harbor 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor Tower 3 1917 1936 19 years USA Pearl Harbor/Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
NSS Annapolis, Tower 1 1918 1969 51 years USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided Originally the site had a total of 9 self-supporting 600-foot tall lattice towers. Four were built in 1918, two more in 1922 and the final three in 1938. The 6 towers built in 1918 & 1922 were demolished in 1969 while the 3 towers built in 1938 remain today.[310] Tied for tallest lattice towers in the United States from 1918 to 1949
NSS Annapolis, Tower 2 1918 1969 51 years USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
NSS Annapolis, Tower 3 1918 1969 51 years USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
NSS Annapolis, Tower 4 1918 1969 51 years USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
NSS Annapolis, Tower 5 1922 1969 47 years USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
NSS Annapolis, Tower 6 1922 1969 47 years USA Annapolis 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided A total of seven</ref>https://www.public.navy.mil/fltfor/nctamspac/Pages/AboutUs.aspx</ref>, though other sources say eight,[311] 600-foot tall towers were built at Lualualei. These were later replaced in 1972 with two 1,500-foot tall guyed masts[312]
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 3 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 4 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 5 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 6 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 7 1936 1972 36 years USA Lualualei 183 m 600 ft Military communications 3-sided
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 1 1941 2003 62 years UK Criggion, Powys 182.9 m 600 ft Military communications 4-sided demolished in 2003
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 2 1941 2003 62 years UK Criggion, Powys 182.9 m 600 ft Military communications 4-sided demolished in 2003
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 3 1941 2003 62 years UK Criggion, Powys 182.9 m 600 ft Military communications 4-sided demolished in 2003
Old WSTM-TV Tower[313] 1953 2003 50 years USA Syracuse, New York 181.0 m 594 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided
WTOB Radio Tower[314][315] 1953 ? USA Winston-Salem, North Carolina 178.61 m 586 ft Broadcast transmitter 3-sided
WTNV Tower[316] 1947 2003 56 years USA Jackson, Tennessee 176.8 m 580 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided collapsed caused by tornado on May 4, 2003
KGO-TV Tower[317] 1949 1972 23 years USA San Francisco, California 176.8 m 580 ft Broadcast transmitter 3-sided replaced by the Sutro Tower
Odinstårnet 1935 1944 9 years Denmark Odense 175 m 574 ft Observation tower 4-sided non-tapering demolished December 14, 1944
Old WLWT TV Tower[318][319] 1948 2005 57 years USA Cincinnati 173.7 m 570 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided replaced by the WLWT TV Tower
KGHL Tower[320][321] 1928 2020 92 years USA Billings 173 m 568 ft Broadcast transmitter 3-sided
New Brighton Tower 1900 1919-21 21 years UK Liverpool 172.8 m 567 ft Observation tower 8-sided
Original TCN TV Tower[322] 1956 1966 10 years Australia Sydney 171 m 561 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided
CBC Jarvis St. Tower 1952 2002 50 years Canada Toronto 164.6 m 540 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided demolished
Osaka ABC Tower 1966 2009 43 years Japan Osaka 160 m 525 ft Observation tower 4-sided non tapering demolished September 2009[323]
WHIO (AM) Tower[324] 1948 2013[325] 65 years USA Dayton, Ohio 157.6 m 517 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided demolished in 2013
Original ATN TV Tower[326] 1956 1973 17 years Australia Sydney 152 m 500 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided
RKS Liblice 1, tower 1 1931 2004 73 years Czech Republic Liblice 150 m 492 ft Longwave 4-sided antenna for longwave, demolished
RKS Liblice 1, tower 2 1931 2004 73 years Czech Republic Liblice 150 m 492 ft Longwave 4-sided antenna for longwave, demolished
Mannesmann Tower (Vienna)[327] 1955 1987 32 years Austria Vienna 150 m 492 ft 4-sided demolished
132 kV Thames Crossing, north pylon 1932 1987 55 years UK West Thurrock 148.4 m 487 ft Hydro pylons 4-sided demolished
132 kV Thames Crossing, south pylon 1932 1987 55 years UK West Thurrock 148.4 m 487 ft Hydro pylons 4-sided demolished
Saint Lawrence River HVDC Powerline Crossing, north pylon 1989 1992 3 years Canada Deschambault-Grondines 140.2 m 460 ft Hydro pylons 4-sided dismantled
Saint Lawrence River HVDC Powerline Crossing, south pylon 1989 1992 3 years Canada Deschambault-Grondines 140.2 m 460 ft Hydro pylons 4-sided dismantled
NAA (Arlington, Virginia), Tower 2 1913 1951 38 years USA Arlington, Virginia 137 m 450 ft Military communications 4-sided
NAA (Arlington, Virginia), Tower 3 1913 1951 38 years USA Arlington, Virginia 137 m 450 ft Military communications 4-sided
KYA transmitter Tower[328] 1937 1986 49 years USA San Francisco, California 137 m 450 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided collapsed during storm February 14, 1986[329]
Transmission Tower Emley Moor 1956 rebuilt 1968 UK Emley Moor, Yorkshire 135 m 443 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided dismantled and rebuilt at Craigkelly transmitting station
KSON Tower[330] 2008 years USA San Diego, California 134.7 m 442 ft Broadcast transmitter 4-sided partially collapsed during storm December 29, 2004, the upper 200 feet of the tower was retained until 2008[331] when a new 446 ft tower was built next to it[332]
Naval Station Great Lakes, Tower 1[333] 1915 ? USA Waukegan 122 m 400 ft Military communications 3-sided
Naval Station Great Lakes, Tower 2 1915 ? USA Waukegan 122 m 400 ft Military communications 3-sided
Gettysburg National Tower 1974 2000 26 years USA Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 120 m 394 ft Observation tower Hyperboloid structure demolished on July 3, 2000
Radio Normandie, Tower 1[334] 1928 1940 12 years France Normandie 113 m 371 ft Broadcast transmitter 3-sided collapsed during storm November 7, 1940
Radio Normandie, Tower 2[335] 1928 1943 15 years France Normandie 110 m 361 ft Broadcast transmitter 3-sided demolished by German army November 12, 1943
Yokosuka Microwave Communications Site ? ? Japan Yokosuka 106.7 m 350 ft Microwave Transmitter demolished
Central Tower Deutsch-Altenburg Radio Station 1925 ? Austria Dutsch-Altenburg 100 m 328 ft Broadcast transmitter demolished
Perea Mediumwave Transmitter, tower 1 1947 ? Greece Thessaloniki 99.5 m 326 ft Mediumwave selfradiating tower insulated against ground, demolished
Perea Mediumwave Transmitter, tower 2 1947 ? Greece Thessaloniki 99.5 m 326 ft Mediumwave selfradiating tower insulated against ground, demolished
WPXR TV Tower 1996 2017 23 years USA Roanoke County, Virginia 74.5 m 244 ft Broadcast transmitter Landmark tower design
Morecambe Tower 1898 ? UK Morecambe 71 m 232 ft Observation tower 8-sided built on top of a theatre
Watkins' Tower 1891 1907 16 years UK London 47 m 154 ft Observation tower 4-sided, 4 legged never completed & dismantled was to be 358 m / 1175 ft in height

Destroyed Wooden lattice towers
TowerYearCountryTownPinnacle heightDate of demolitionRemarks
Transmission Tower Mühlacker 1934 Germany Mühlacker 190 m April 6, 1945
Transmitter Berlin-Tegel 1933 Germany Berlin 165 m December 16, 1948
Sendeturm Ismaning 1932 Germany Ismaning 163 m March 16, 1983
Sendeturm Langenberg 1934 Germany Velbert-Langenberg 160 m October 10, 1935 destroyed by a tornado
Sendeturm Wiederau 1935 Germany Wiederau 150 m October 27, 1953
Sendeturm Hamburg-Billstedt 1934 Germany Hamburg 145 m September 1949
Transmitter Żórawina 1932 Germany Żórawina, Poland 140 m Fall 1990
Transmitter Nuremberg-Kleinreuth 1935 Germany Nuremberg 124 m July 12, 1961
Madona Radio Towers 1932 Latvia Madona 116 m 1944
Transmitter Heilsberg 1935 Germany Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland 115 m 1940
Freiburg-Lehen transmitter 1933 Germany Freiburg 107 m April 21, 1945
Heiligenstock transmitter 1934 Germany Frankfurt/Main 107 m March 25, 1945
Transmitter Koblenz 1934 Germany Koblenz 107 m 1965
Transmitter Trier 1935 Germany Trier 107 m 1948
Transmitter Heilsberg 1930 Germany Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland 102 m 1935 Two towers
Reichenbach transmitter 1937 Germany Reichenbach/Oberlausitz 100 m May 7, 1945
Golm transmitter 1948 Germany Golm 100 m October 25, 1979
Stettin Radio Tower 1934 Poland Szczecin 93 m 1945
Utbremen Radio Tower 1933 Germany Bremen 90 m 1939 destroyed by lightning
Flensburg Radio Tower 1928 Germany Flensburg 90 m 1957
Pillar of Mittersill goods aerial tramway 194? Austria Mittersill 80 m 195? Aerial tramway support pillar of goods aerial tramway, which never went in service
Stadelheim Transmitter 1926 Germany Munich-Stadelheim 75 m 1930s Two towers
Chain Home Reception Towers 1939 UK multiple locations 73.15 m 1945–1960
Wood Transmitting Tower Zeesen 1931 Germany Zeesen 70 m 1939
Reception Tower Utlandshörn 1935 Germany Utlandshörn 65 m 1977
Towers of South Wellfleet Marconi Wireless Station 1902 United States South Wellfleet, Massachusetts 64 m 1920 4 towers
Towers of Königsberg Air Traffic Control Centre 1926 Russia Kaliningrad 63 m 1945 Two towers
Palatine Transmitter 1926 Germany Kaiserslautern 60 m 1945 Two towers
Huizen transmitter 1937 Netherlands Huizen 60 m 1940
Central mast of Boguchwala transmitter 1953 Poland Boguchwala 60 m 1957
Holmudden Radar Tower 1948 Sweden Holmudden ? 1958
Wardenclyffe Tower 1899 United States Shoreham 57 m 1917
Wiesbaden Bismarck Tower 1910 Germany Wiesbaden 50 m 1918
Sahlenburg Marine Radio Station 1937 Germany Cuxhaven 50 m 1967/1970 Three towers, two demolished in 1967, third tower demolished in 1970
Stolp transmitter 1938/1939 Poland Dębnica Kaszubska 50 m 1955 7 towers
Jelenia Góra transmitter 1957 Poland Jelenia Góra 47 m 1967
Towers of triangle antenna Langenberg 1935 Germany Velbert-Langenberg 45 m April 12, 1945 Three towers
Goethe Tower 1931 Germany Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen 43 m October 12, 2017 Destroyed in a fire
Bayreuth transmitter, T-antenna 194? Germany Bayreuth 40 m 1954 2 towers in a distance of 70 metres
Augsburg-Hochzoll transmitter 194? Germany Augsburg 40 m 1952 2 towers
Kempten-Engelshalde Transmitter 1951 Germany Kempten 40 m 1956 Two towers
Heusweiler Mast 1 1935 Germany Heusweiler 35 m March 17, 1945
Schneeberg Air Force Tower 1938 Germany Bischofsgrün 35 m 1942
Heusweiler Mast 2 1935 Germany Heusweiler 31 m March 17, 1945
Holzbergturm 2005 Germany Malente 28 m 2017 observation tower


See also

References
  1. https://www.offshore-technology.com/features/featureinto-the-abyss-the-worlds-deepest-offshore-oil-rigs/
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203154812/http://www.mmtimes.com/2012/business/617/biz61714.html
  3. http://www.tokyo-skytree.jp/en/event/special/manga-design/
  4. https://chevroncorp.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/chevron-announces-first-oil-production-benguela-belize
  5. https://www.offshore-mag.com/business-briefs/equipment-engineering/article/16754508/chevron-starts-production-from-first-compliant-tower-outside-gom
  6. https://pubs.spe.org/en/ogf/ogf-article-detail/?art=440
  7. https://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/tombua-landana/#:~:text=Tombua%20Landana%20platform,seafloor%20by%2012%20foundation%20piles.
  8. https://www.offshore-mag.com/subsea/article/16757984/tombualandana-a-monument-to-innovation-off-angola#:~:text=The%2035%2C300%2Dton%20(32%2C024%2D,%2Dmetric%20ton)%20compliant%20tower.
  9. https://www.offshore-mag.com/subsea/article/16757984/tombualandana-a-monument-to-innovation-off-angola#:~:text=The%2035%2C300%2Dton%20(32%2C024%2D,%2Dmetric%20ton)%20compliant%20tower.
  10. https://hmc.heerema.com/projects/tombua-landana/
  11. http://www.smalldeadanimals.com/secondarypages/MIDDLE%20AGES.pdf
  12. https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-5773-MS
  13. https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-5773-MS
  14. http://www.smalldeadanimals.com/secondarypages/MIDDLE%20AGES.pdf
  15. http://www.walteroil.com/e-p-operations/coelacanth-project.html
  16. http://www.smalldeadanimals.com/secondarypages/MIDDLE%20AGES.pdf
  17. https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-5773-MS
  18. https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-5773-MS
  19. https://maritimelegalhelp.com/oil-rig-cognac/
  20. https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/13/archives/shell-will-build-skyscrapersized-oil-rig-skyscrapersize-oil-rig.html
  21. https://www.tourstouzbekistan.com/en/sights/tashkent/tashkent-tv-tower.html
  22. http://www.smalldeadanimals.com/secondarypages/MIDDLE%20AGES.pdf
  23. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/10/archives/exxon-nears-completion-of-deepest-offshore-rig-exxon-crews-near.html
  24. http://www.cstower.net/Projects.html
  25. https://cdn.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/content-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/2015F191205A4FB492B68B6FC2FC4501/alecture7%20choo.pdf
  26. https://dsps.lib.uiowa.edu/mars-deepwater-gulf/wp-content/uploads/sites/66/2019/06/Hewett-The-Shape-of-These-Monsters-June-2019.pdf
  27. https://cdn.southampton.ac.uk/assets/imported/transforms/content-block/UsefulDownloads_Download/2015F191205A4FB492B68B6FC2FC4501/alecture7%20choo.pdf
  28. https://dsps.lib.uiowa.edu/mars-deepwater-gulf/wp-content/uploads/sites/66/2019/06/Hewett-The-Shape-of-These-Monsters-June-2019.pdf
  29. https://www.kansascity.com/news/your-kcq/article221363865.html
  30. https://www.emporis.com/buildings/119903/torre-de-tv-de-brasilia-brasilia-brazil
  31. https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=21996
  32. https://www.obayashi.co.jp/en/special/skytree.html
  33. http://www.steeltowerchn.com/guyed-tower/guyed-tower/
  34. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/doordarshan-air-tower-lying-defunct-yet-to-rule-air-waves-in-amritsar-191662
  35. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/government-move-to-reduce-height-of-air-tower-draws-flak-381912
  36. https://theprint.in/india/governance/heres-why-air-bid-to-check-pakistans-radio-propaganda-in-punjab-is-doomed-to-fail/123524/
  37. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/tilted-radio-tower-yet-to-be-rectified-759990
  38. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/airs-12-hour-urdu-service-goes-off-air-listeners-want-it-back-107973
  39. https://books.google.ca/books?id=VLGlkDtITwEC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=lattice+tower+jakarta&source=bl&ots=3uANBts1vZ&sig=ACfU3U2BL6BakXZBtuBL-KQGU_Rli-hceg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjtNzp777qAhVbhXIEHR0WD1cQ6AEwDnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=lattice%20tower%20jakarta&f=false
  40. https://www.emporis.fr/buildings/1292877/novodnistrovsk-tv-tower-dunaivtsi-ukraine
  41. https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1248060/hanoi-tv-tower-hanoi-vietnam
  42. https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1035708&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
  43. http://wikimapia.org/10489943/TV-Tower
  44. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=94310
  45. https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1249928/channel-9-tv-tower-sydney-australia
  46. https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1006688&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
  47. http://m.rohnproducts.com/experience/featured-projects/item/129-royal-thai-army-tv5.html?tmpl=component&print=1
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  49. https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1249967/channel-7-10-tv-tower-sydney-australia
  50. https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1042620&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
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  53. https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1051670&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
  54. https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1225962/bol-d-air-tv-tower-seraing-belgium
  55. https://www.emporis.com/city/101046/seattle-wa-usa/type/telecommunications-towers
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  57. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93958
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  59. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93959
  60. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=74267
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  62. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=110641
  63. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=93559
  64. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=38522
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  66. http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=107270
  67. https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=21996
  68. https://www.fccinfo.com/CMDProASRLookup.php?sASR=1045123&tabSearchType=ASR+Search
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