Kate Roberts (author)

Kate Roberts (13 February 1891 – 4 April 1985) was one of the foremost Welsh-language authors of the 20th century. Styled Brenhines ein llên (The Queen of our Literature), she is known mainly for her short stories, but also wrote novels. Roberts was a prominent Welsh nationalist.[1]

Kate Roberts
Kate Roberts
Born(1891-02-13)13 February 1891
Rhosgadfan, Caernarfonshire, Wales
Died4 April 1985(1985-04-04) (aged 94)
Denbigh, Wales
OccupationAuthor, novelist, political activist
Literary movementWelsh-language literature
Notable worksTraed mewn cyffion (Feet in chains)

Life

Kate Roberts was born in the village of Rhosgadfan, on the slopes of Moel Tryfan, Caernarfonshire (Gwynedd today). She was the oldest child of Owen Roberts, a quarryman in the local slate industry, and Catrin Roberts. She had two half-sisters and two half-brothers (John Evan, Mary, Jane and Owen) from earlier marriages of her parents, and three younger brothers (Richard, Evan and David). She was born in the family cottage, Cae'r Gors. Later the life in the cottage and village made an all-important backdrop to her early literary work. Her autobiographical volume Y Lôn Wen is a memorable portrayal of the district in that period.

She attended the council school at Rhosgadfan from 1895 to 1904, and Caernarfonshire School from 1904 to 1910. She went on to graduate in Welsh at the University College of North Wales, Bangor, which she attended from 1910 to 1913 under John Morris-Jones and Ifor Williams, and trained as a teacher. She taught in various schools in Wales (Dolbadarn Elementary School 1913–1914, Ystalyfera County School 1915–1917, and County Girls' School, Aberdare 1917–1928).

Roberts met Morris T. Williams at Plaid Cymru (the Welsh nationalist party) meetings, and married him in 1928. Williams was a printer, and eventually they bought the printing and publishing house Gwasg Gee (The Gee Press), Denbigh, and moved to live in the town in 1935. The press published books, pamphlets and the Welsh-language weekly Y Faner (The Banner), for which Roberts wrote regularly. After her husband's death in 1946, she ran the press for another ten years.

In 1965 Roberts bought Cae'r Gors and presented it to the nation, but at the time there was not enough money to restore it.[2] It was not restored until 2005, after a long campaign to raise the money. It is now in the care of Cadw as a museum presentation of Roberts.[3]

She remained in Denbigh after her retirement and died in 1985. Alan Llwyd's 2011 biography of Roberts used diaries and letters to shed fresh light on her private life and her relationship with Morris.[4] The book suggests that Roberts had Lesbian tendencies.[5]

Work

It was the death of her brother in the First World War that led Roberts to writing. She used her literary work as a help in coming to terms with her loss.

Her first volume of short stories, O gors y bryniau (From the Swamp of the Hills), appeared in 1925. Perhaps her most successful book of short stories is Te yn y grug (Tea in the Heather) (1959), a series about children. Of the novels that Roberts wrote, the most famous may have been Traed mewn cyffion (Feet in Chains) (1936), which reflected the hard life of a slate-quarrying family. In 1960 she published Y lôn wen, a volume of autobiography.

Most of her novels and short stories are set in the region where she lived in North Wales. She herself said that she derived the material for her work "from the society in which I was brought up, a poor society in an age of poverty... [where] it was always a struggle against poverty. But notice that the characters haven't reached the bottom of that poverty, they are struggling against it, afraid of it."

Thus her work deals with the uneventful lives of humble people and how they deal with difficulties and disillusionments. It is remarkable for the richness of her language and for her perception. The role of women in society and progressive ideas about life and love are major themes.

Roberts also struck up a literary relationship with Saunders Lewis, which they maintained through letters over a period of forty years. These letters give a picture of life in Wales during the period and record the comments of two literary giants on events at home and abroad.

Many of her works have been translated into other languages.

Selected works

In Welsh
  • Traed Mewn Cyffion (Feet in Chains) (1936), novel. Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 2001. ISBN 0-86383-480-9
  • Ffair Gaeaf a storïau eraill (Winter Fair and other stories) (1937), short stories. Denbigh: Gwasg Gee, 2000. ISBN 0-00-017373-8
  • Stryd y Glep (Gossip Row) (1949), novella. Bethesda: Gwasg Gee, 2011. ISBN 0900996706
  • Y Byw Sy'n Cysgu (The Living That Sleep) (1956), novel. Denbigh: Gwasg Gee, 1995. ISBN 0-7074-0268-9
  • Te yn y Grug (Tea in the Heather) (1959). Short stories. Llandysul : Gwasg Gee, 2004. ISBN 1-904554-01-6
  • Y Lôn Wen (The White Lane) (1960). Autobiography. Denbigh : Gwasg Gee, 2000. ISBN 0-00-017991-4
  • Tywyll Heno (Dark Tonight) (1962). Novella. Denbigh : Gwasg Gee, 2010. ISBN 1-904554-07-5
  • Ifans, Dafydd (Ed.) (1992), Annwyl Kate, Annwyl Saunders : Gohebiaeth, 1923–1983 (Dear Kate, Dear Saunders: Correspondence, 1923–1983). Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales. ISBN 0-907158-57-9. The letters of Kate Roberts and Saunders Lewis

In translation
  • Traed Mewn Cyffion (Feet in Chains) (1936), novel translated and annotated by Katie Gramich. Cardigan: Parthian Books, 2012. ISBN 978-1-908069-56-6
  • Kate Roberts, Feet in Chains, translated by John Idris Jones. Bridgend: Seren, 2002. ISBN 1-85411-321-6
  • Kate Roberts, Sun and Storm and other stories. Denbigh: Gwasg Gee, 2001. ISBN 0-7074-0347-2
  • Kate Roberts, Tea in the Heather, translated by Wyn Griffith. Bridgend: Seren, 2002. ISBN 1-85411-320-8
  • Kate Roberts (1991), The World of Kate Roberts: selected stories, 1925–1981, translated by Joseph P. Clancy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-87722-794-2. An introduction to her short stories in English, including a translation of Te yn y Grug (Tea in the Heather)

References
    • Morgan, Derec Llwyd (1991), Kate Roberts. Writers of Wales series. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1115-6. An introduction to her work in English.
  2. Gae'r Gors
  3. Dylan Iorwerth, "Cadw's new quarry cottage", Heritage in Wales, Issue 54, Spring 2013.
  4. Alan Llwyd, Kate: Y Cofiant (Y Lolfa, 2011)
  5. Kate and butcher's wife Website Golwg 360. 18-11-2011. Reviewed 22 November 2011.

Sources
  • Thomas Parry (1955), A History of Welsh Literature. Translated by H. Idris Bell. Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "Kate Roberts (1891–1985)" in Meic Stephens, ed. (1998), The New Companion to the Literature of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press ISBN 0-7083-1383-3
  • Katie Gramich: Kate Roberts, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-7083-2338-0
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