Jean Guyon

Jean Guyon du Buisson (Bapt. September 18, 1592 – May 30, 1663) was the patriarch of one of the earliest families to settle on the North shore of New France's St. Lawrence River.

Jean Guyon du Buisson
BaptisedSeptember 18, 1592
DiedMay 30, 1663 (aged 70)
Beauport, Canada, New France
Occupationmason, habitant[1]
Spouse(s)Mathurine Robin
ChildrenJean Guyon du Buisson and nine others

Guyon made his living as a master mason and, according to Perche-born genealogist Madame Montagne, was regarded as having an excellent reputation as a mason.[2] In 1615, he helped construct the Saint-Aubin de Tourouvre church steeple's interior stone staircase and in 1625 he was charged with the re-building of Mortagne's fortifications.[2]

Habitant in New France

Guyon was from the village of Tourouvre's Saint-Aubin parish located in Chartres diocese, ancient Perche province, and present-day Normandy's Orne department.[3][4] Guyon and his family emigrated from Perche province to New France on the North shore of the Saint Lawrence River near present-day Quebec city as part of the Percheron immigration movement, a pioneering group of about 300 colonists who settled in Canada in the three decades starting in 1632.[5]

Robert Giffard de Moncel was granted by the Company of Hundred Associates the Beauport seigneurie,[6] one of the New France's first seigneuries, Beauport now being a borough of Quebec City. The Beauport seigneurie was to be the first agriculturally-based settlement requiring the recruitment of tradesmen such as Guyon to establish the new colony.[6] At the end of a three-year service contact taking effect on arrival in Canada, Guyon was in turn granted a one-thousand-arpent arrière-fief (subordinated-fief) land concession from Giffard.[6]

Guyon traveled aboard a convoy of four ships under the command of Charles Duplessis-Bochart and arrived in New France in 1634. As Guyon's arrière-fief was located near rivière du Buisson (river of bushes), Guyon exercised his seigniorial system right to be known as Guyon du Buisson.

He built a small mill and helped build the parish church of nearby Quebec and Giffard's seigniorial manor.

For nine years, he and Zacharie Cloutier disputed Giffard's seigniorial rights to receive foi et hommage (fealty and homage). Refusing to accept him as their superior, they did not stake their lands or pay him annual taxes. On July 19, 1646, the governor of the colony took action to force Cloutier and Guyon to comply with their contractual obligations. Such cases of censitaire refractoriness filled the time of the courts for the duration of the seigniorial system, both during the French regime and under the English.

His eldest son, also named Jean Guyon, married Élisabeth Couillard, daughter of fr:Guillaume Couillard, New France's first settler to be ennobled by Louis XIV, and granddaughter of Louis Hébert, the first French colonist established with his family in New France. Their wedding was accompanied by the "two violins...which had not been seen yet in Canada."[7]

After his death in 1693, his heirs engaged in a protracted legal dispute over his lands.

Descendants

Guyon fathered ten children, eight of whom married, and he is known to be an ancestor of many French Canadians. By 2006, news media noted that at least three out of four Québécois descend from him. The descendants are often recognized as Dion, sometimes as Despres, Dumontier, Lemoine, in Louisiana as Derbanne and Texas as Berban. He has been linked to the family trees of Madonna, Celine Dion, Stéphane Dion, Hillary Clinton, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and Heather Baucom Lucy.[8][9][10]

According to Charbonneau et al. 1993,more than 2,150 births of Guyon descendants had by 1730 been recorded.[11] According to the Université de Montréal's Research Program in Historical Demography (PRDH), Guyon had by the end of the 19th century 9,674 married descendants, and thus ranked second among top New France pioneers in terms of number of married descendants.[12] The PRDH program enabled neurological researchers to trace 40 cases of classical Friedreich's ataxia, a rare inherited disease, across 12 generations previously unrelated French-Canadians descendants to one common ancestral couple: Guyon and his wife Mathurine Robin. The disease causes progressive damage to the nervous system resulting in symptoms ranging from gait disturbance and speech problems to heart disease. The finding allows for gene chromosomal localization studies that had previously been judged to be almost impossible in rare autosomal recessive disorders.[13]

Toponymy and memorials

In 1984, the 350th anniversary of Guyon's arrival, Quebec City named a park after him and a commemorative plaque to honour Guyon was mounted on the church in Beauport by the Association des Dion d'Amérique inc.[14] In 2006, the city renamed a street after him.[15]

References
  1. Virtual Museum of New France (Online), accessed April 10, 2018
  2. PREFEN Fiche 8124, Notice Complémentaire 2005, pp. 1&2
  3. Provost 1966, accessed May 23, 2007
  4. Fichier Origine 241993, GUYON / BUISSON, Jean; accessed April 8, 2018
  5. perche-canada.net (Online), accessed April 8, 2018
  6. Grenier n.d.
  7. Langevin 1860, p. 8
  8. perche-quebec.com (Online), accessed January 5, 2013
  9. Bailey & December 6, 2006, accessed May 23, 2007
  10. Inside Entertainment Online 2006, 23 Mar 2006, accessed May 22, 2007
  11. Charbonneau et al. 1993
  12. PRDH (Online), accessed May 22, 2007
  13. Barbeau et al. & Nov 1984
  14. CIEQ (Online), accessed May 27, 2007
  15. Ville de Québec, Répertoire des toponymes - Fiche toponymique (Online), parc Jean Guyon, archived 30 March 2014, accessed April 8, 2018

Bibliography
Legend
- CIEQ - Centre interuniversitaire d'études québécoises, Inventaire des lieux de mémoire de la Nouvelle-France, Université Laval
- DCB - Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Université Laval / University of Toronto
- Fichier Origine - Répertoire informatisé de la Fédération québécoise des sociétés de généalogie en partenariat avec la Fédération française de généalogie
- PRDH - Programme de recherche en démographie historique / The Research Program in Historical Demography, Université de Montréal
- PREFEN - Programme de Recherche sur l'Émigration des Français En Nouvelle-France, Université de Caen
Bibliography
- Bailey, Patricia (December 6, 2006). "Liberal leader, singer share an ancestor: New France's Jean Guyon, father of 10, sired 75% of purebred Quebecers". Ottawa Citizen (Online). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Barbeau, A.; et al. (Nov 1984). "Origin of Friedreich's disease in Quebec Canadian". Can J Neurol Sci. 11(4 Suppl):506-9: Journal of Neurologic Science. 11: 506–9. doi:10.1017/S0317167100034971. PMID 6391645.CS1 maint: location (link)
- CIEQ (Online). "Plaque commémorative Jean Guyon".CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Virtual Museum of New France (Online). "Social Groups". Canadian Museum of History.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Charbonneau, Hubert; et al. (1993). The First French Canadians - Pioneers in the St. Lawrence Valley. Preview on Google Books. ISBN 0-87413-454-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Fichier Origine 241993. "GUYON / BUISSON, Jean".CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Grenier, Benoît (n.d.). "Beauport "Seigneurie"". Encyclopedia of French Cultural Heritage in North America (Online).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Inside Entertainment Online (23 Mar 2006). "Madonna, Celine and Camilla all swing from the same genealogical tree". Archived from the original on 23 March 2006. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Langevin, Jean (1860). Notes sur les archives de Notre-Dame de Beauport. vol. 1, Le P. Vimont assista aux noces et il y eux 2 violins pour la première fois. ».CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lebel, Gérard, translated as Our French-Canadian ancestors by Thomas J. Laforest (1983). Nos ancêtres. Palm Harbor, Fla.: LISI Press. ISBN 0-914163-00-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Montagne, Françoise (1965). Tourouvre et les Juchereau –Un chapitre de l’émigration percheronne au Canada, Contribution No 13. Société canadienne de Généalogie (Québec) / Association Perche-Canada.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- perche-canada.net (Online). "Association Perche-Canada History".
- perche-quebec.com (Online). "Jean Guyon (1592 Tourouvre - 1663 Beauport), Arbre de parenté avec Céline Dion".CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- PRDH (Online). "The Pioneers". Last database update February 2017.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- PREFEN Fiche 8124, Notice Complémentaire (2005). "Jean GUYON, sieur du Buisson" (PDF).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Provost, Honorius (1966). GUYON DU BUISSON, JEAN. in DCB vol. 1 (Online).CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ville de Québec, Répertoire des toponymes - Fiche toponymique (Online). parc Jean-Guyon. Archived from the original on 2014-03-30.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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