Janet Campbell Hale

Janet Campbell Hale (born January 11, 1946, Riverside, California)[1] is a Native American writer. Her father was a full-blood Coeur d'Alene, and her mother was of Kootenay, Cree and Irish descent.[2]

In a sparse style that has been compared to Hemingway,[3] Hale's work often explores issues of Native American identity and discusses poverty, abuse, and the condition of women in society. She wrote Bloodlines: Odyssey of a Native Daughter (1993), which includes a discussion of the Native American experience as well as stories from her own life. She also wrote The Owl's Song (1974), The Jailing of Cecelia Capture (which was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1985), Women on the Run (1999), and Custer Lives in Humboldt County & Other Poems (1978).[4]

Janet Campbell Hale has taught at Northwest Indian College,[2] Iowa State University, College of Illinois, and University of California at Santa Cruz,[5] and has served as resident writer at University of Oregon and University of Washington.[2] Hale currently lives on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in De Smet, Idaho.

Early life

Janet Campbell was born in 1946 to Nicholas Patrick Campbell, a Coeur D'Alene Indian who became an American citizen after his service in the U.S. Army in the first world war,[6] and Margaret Sullivan Campbell, a Canadian with a white father and a Kootenay mother who also had some Chippewa heritage.[7] The family lived on the Coeur D'Alene reservation; while her siblings had been born on the reservation, a brother born the previous winter had only lived a few hours, so to avoid hazardous winter weather, the family temporarily relocated to southern California for Janet's birth and returned to northern Idaho in June, 1946.[8] They lived on the reservation until 1956. Hale attended high school in Wapato, Washington, before transferring to the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico.[7]

Early writing

Hale won the Vincent Price Poetry Competition in 1963 and a New York Poetry Day award in 1964.[7] She contributed the poems "Red Eagle" and "Nespelim Man (a song)" to The Whispering Wind: poetry by young American Indians,[9] in 1972.

In 1974, she published The Owl's Song,[10] a book for young adults telling the story of fourteen year old Billy White Hawk, who leaves his alcoholic father and moves from an Idaho reservation to live with his sister in California. He encounters prejudice from his fellow students and finds support from an art teacher and a tribal elder, who explains that for many tribes, the owl is the bringer of death and its song is despair; the title of the book comes from the elder's declaration "There is little left of what once was. The time is coming when even this will be gone, taken away. And we will be no more. The time is coming when the owl's song will be for our race."[11]

Themes

Capture is a major theme in Janet Campbell Hale's writing. The name of the protagonist in the eponymous Jailing of Cecelia Capture is named for capture, but is also both literally and figuratively captured at different points in the narrative. Part of the dynamics of Bloodlines is to invert the white narratives about the capture of white people by Native Americans, into an account of capture of Native peoples by European-descended people.[12] Escape and transformation of capture figure in several of her works.

See also

References
  1. U.S. Public Records Index Vol 1 & 2 (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.), 2010.
  2. Hale, Janet Campbell; Strom, Karen M. "Janet Campbell Hale". www.hanksville.org. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  3. "The Jailing of Cecelia Capture by Janet Campbell Hale". February 23, 1998. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  4. "Janet Campbell Hale | Biography, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  5. "Janet Campbell Hale on Native American Authors". Internet Public Library. The iSchool at Drexel, College of Information Science and Technology. Archived from the original on December 6, 2016.
  6. Hale, Janet Campbell. (1998). Bloodlines : odyssey of a native daughter (1st University of Arizona Press paperbound ed.). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816518440. OCLC 37397955.
  7. Bataille, Gretchen (1997). "Janet Hale Campbell". In Roemer, Kenneth M. (ed.). Native American Writers of the United States. Dictionary of Literary Biography vol. 175. 175. Gale. pp. 109–111.
  8. Hale, Janet Campbell. (1998). Bloodlines : odyssey of a native daughter (1st University of Arizona Press paperbound ed.). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816518440. OCLC 37397955.
  9. The whispering wind : poetry by young American Indians. Allen, Terry D. (1st ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co. 1972. ISBN 038501032X. OCLC 354808.CS1 maint: others (link)
  10. Hale, Janet Campbell. (1974). The owl's song (1st ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN 0385019440. OCLC 922387.
  11. Hale, Janet Campbell. (1997). The owl's song. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0826318614. OCLC 37675749.
  12. Finnegan, Jordana (November 20, 2007). "Refiguring Legacies of Personal and Cultural Dysfunction in Janet Campbell Hale's Bloodlines: Odyssey of a Native Daughter". Studies in American Indian Literatures. 19 (3): 68–86. doi:10.1353/ail.2007.0022.
  • Kratzert, M. "Native American Literature: Expanding the Canon", Collection Building, volume 17/1 (1998), page 4
  • Dennis, Helen M. Native American Literature: Towards a Spatialized Reading. London, Routledge Publ., (2006), pp. 90–103
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