Ismene amancaes

Ismene amancaes, commonly called amancae or amancay,[1][2] is a herbaceous plant species in the family Amaryllidaceae and native to the coastal hills of Peru.

Ismene amancaes
Flower close-up.
Conservation status
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:	Amaryllidoideae
Genus:	Ismene
Species:	I. amancaes
Binomial name
Ismene amancaes (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb.
Synonyms
Hymenocallis amancaes (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Nicholson Narcissus amancaes Ruiz & Pav. Pancratium amancaes (Ruiz & Pav.) Ker Gawl.

Description

I. amancaes is a species with spherical bulbs 3.5–5 cm in diameter.[3][4] The leaves are strap-shaped, 25–50 cm long and 2.5–5 cm wide, bright green.[3][4] The 2-6 yellow pedicellate flowers are borne at the end of a scape up to 33 cm long.[3] The floral tube is greenish yellow, 5-7.5 cm long, bearing at the end the tepals, which are linear to narrowly lanceolate, 6-7.5 cm long, with green tips.[3][5] The floral corona is funnel-shaped, yellow with green stripes, 5–6 cm long, 6-8.5 cm wide, bearing the stamens facing inwards.[3][5][4]

Distribution and habitat

Flowers and part of a leaf.

Endemic to Peru, Ismene amancaes inhabits coastal hills up to 1500 m of elevation, especially near the city of Lima, as part of the lomas ecosystem.[5][6][4][7]

Chemical compounds

It is reported that I. amancaes contains the alkaloid substances galantamine[8] and narcissidine.[9]

History

Remains of I. amancaes have been found in archaeological sites near the city of Lima.[10]

The flowering of this species was the subject of a festival ("Festival de Amancaise") celebrated in June in Lima, until the first half of the 1800s.[11] In a place among the hills surrounding Lima, people from the city gathered annually to celebrate the flowering of the plant in a festival with music and dance, similar to May Day.[11] The festival attracted people from all classes of the society then, while a common sight was people sporting the flowers in their garments.[11]

Conservation

I. amancaes is considered an endangered species by the IUCN since 1997.[12]

References

1. Suni, Mery; Pascual, Edisson; Jara, Enoc (2011). "Desarrollo reproductivo del "amancay" Ismene amancaes (Amaryllidaceae) en su ambiente natural". Revista Peruana de Biología (in Spanish). 18 (3): 293–297.
2. Soto, Marilú; Leiva, Milagros (2015). "Estudio exomorfológico y fitoquímico de los bulbos de dos especies endémicas del Perú de la familia Amaryllidaceae". Arnaldoa (in Spanish). 22 (1): 269–288.
3. Cullen, James; Knees, Sabina G.; Cubey, H. Suzanne; Shaw, J. M. H. (2011). The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521761475.
4. Weathers, John (1911). The Bulb Book. Applewood Books. p. 284. ISBN 9781429013772.
5. Francis, Macbride, J. (1936). "Flora of Peru /". Fieldiana. v.13:pt.1:no.3: 671.
6. Goodall, David W. (2014). Evolution of Desert Biota. University of Texas Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780292740990.
7. Paxton, Sir Joseph (1837). Paxton's Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants. Orr and Smith. p. 267.
8. Willaman, John James; Schubert, Bernice (1961). Alkaloid-bearing Plants and Their Contained Alkaloids. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 15.
9. Glasby, John (2012). Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids: Volume 2 (I-Z). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 988. ISBN 9781461587293.
10. Browman, David L. (1978). Advances in Andean Archaeology. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 110, 115. ISBN 9783110810011.
11. Stewart, Charles Samuel (1831). A Visit to the South Seas, in the U.S. Ship Vincennes: During the Years 1829 and 1830; with Scenes in Brazil, Peru, Manila, the Cape of Good Hope, and St. Helena. J.P. Haven. pp. 168–173.
12. IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1997. p. 618.